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arXiv 1105.2235astro-ph.EP
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湍流分层湍流中行星迁移的三维MHD模拟

3D MHD Simulations of Planet Migration in Turbulent Stratified Disks

Ana Uribe, Hubert Klahr, Mario Flock, Thomas Henning

摘要:

我们进行了3D MHD模拟行星迁移分层磁盘使用Goddom代码PLUTO,磁盘是动荡的,由于磁旋转的不稳定性。我们研究了不同行星-恒星质量比$q=M_{p}/M_{s}$的行星迁移。与以前的研究一致,对于低质量行星的情况下($q=5\times10^{-6}$和$10^{-5}$),迁移是由随机波动的扭矩。对于一颗质量为1000亿光年的行星$(q=M_{p}/M_{s}=10^{-3}$和$M_{s}=1M_{\odot})$,我们发现行星轨道内部和间隙区域周围的磁应力减小。在行星上的扭矩为正的初始阶段之后,它反转,并且我们恢复了与由$α$粘度模拟湍流粘度的磁盘中发现的迁移率类似的迁移率。对于中等质量的行星($q=5\times10^{-5}, 10^{-4}$和$2\times10^{-4}$),我们发现了一个新的和迄今为止意想不到的行为。在某些情况下,他们在整个模拟期间经历持续和系统的向外迁移。在这种情况下,马蹄形区域被解决,来自共转区域的扭矩可以保持不饱和,由于在磁盘中的应力。这些应力直接由磁场产生。当局部表面密度分布是平坦的或向外增加时,马蹄形阻力的大小可以克服负Lindblad贡献,这是由于纬向流的存在,我们在模拟中的某些位置看到的。这颗中等质量的行星正在径向向外迁移,在那里有一个正梯度的压力隆起(纬向流)。

英文摘要:

We performed 3D MHD simulations of planet migration in stratified disks using the Godunov code PLUTO, where the disk is turbulent due to the magnetorotational instability. We study the migration for planets with different planet-star mass ratios $q=M_{p}/M_{s}$. In agreement with previous studies, for the low-mass planet cases ($q=5\times10^{-6}$ and $10^{-5}$), migration is dominated by random fluctuations in the torque. For a Jupiter-mass planet $(q=M_{p}/M_{s}=10^{-3}$ for $M_{s}=1M_{\odot})$, we find a reduction of the magnetic stress inside the orbit of the planet and around the gap region. After an initial stage where the torque on the planet is positive, it reverses and we recover migration rates similar to those found in disks where the turbulent viscosity is modelled by an $α$ viscosity. For the intermediate-mass planets ($q=5\times10^{-5}, 10^{-4}$ and $2\times10^{-4}$) we find a new and so far unexpected behavior. In some cases they experience sustained and systematic outwards migration for the entire duration of the simulation. For this case, the horseshoe region is resolved and torques coming from the corotation region can remain unsaturated due to the stresses in the disk. These stresses are generated directly by the magnetic field. The magnitude of the horseshoe drag can overcome the negative Lindblad contribution when the local surface density profile is flat or increasing outwards, which we see in certain locations in our simulations due to the presence of a zonal flow. The intermediate-mass planet is migrating radially outwards in locations where there is a positive gradient of a pressure bump (zonal flow).

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