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arXiv 1408.1016astro-ph.EP
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恒星辐照盘和嵌入行星迁移的暗示III:粘度转变

Stellar irradiated discs and implications on migration of embedded planets III: viscosity transitions

Bertram Bitsch, Alessandro Morbidelli, Elena Lega, Kathrine Kretke, Aurélien Crida

摘要:

嵌入的低质量行星的迁移强度和方向取决于盘的结构。在具有有效辐射传输的圆盘中,对于质量超过3-5个地球的行星,迁移可以向外定向。这是由于熵驱动的共转扭矩,这一过程延长了行星胚胎的寿命。我们调查的影响所造成的跳跃的α参数的粘度模型的死区结构中的光盘结构。我们专注于M-dot光盘,它有一个恒定的净质量流量。使用由此产生的光盘结构,我们调查的后果,形成的星子,并确定向外迁移的原行星的区域。我们在r-z平面上对M点圆盘进行了数值模拟。我们使用显式/隐式流体动力学代码FARGOCA,其中包括一个完整的张量粘度和恒星辐射,以及一个两个温度的求解器,其中包括在通量限制扩散近似辐射传输。圆盘内部的粘度转变产生了密度的转变,通过所谓的“行星陷阱”机制阻止了小行星的向内迁移。这一机制也适用于M_P > 0.5M_E的行星。此外,粘度转变改变了圆盘中的压力梯度,这通过流动不稳定性促进了星子的形成。然而,需要粘度的非常陡峭的转变以在盘中的压力冲击中实现。粘度的转变有利于微行星的形成,可以阻止小质量行星(M_P>0.5M_E)的迁移,但不能阻止小行星和微行星在气体拖曳作用下的向内迁移。需要一个非常陡峭的,可能不切实际的粘度梯度来捕获质量较小的行星,并在压力隆起处停止气体拖曳驱动的微行星迁移。

英文摘要:

The migration strength and direction of embedded low-mass planets depends on the disc structure. In discs with an efficient radiative transport, the migration can be directed outwards for planets with more than 3-5 Earth masses. This is due to the entropy driven corotation torque, a process that extends the lifetimes of growing planetary embryos. We investigate the influence on the disc structure caused by a jump in the alpha parameter of the viscosity to model a dead-zone structure in the disc. We focus on M-dot discs, which have a constant net mass flux. Using the resulting disc structure, we investigate the consequences for the formation of planetesimals and determine the regions of outward migration for proto-planets. We performed numerical hydrosimulations of M-dot discs in the r-z-plane. We used the explicit/implicit hydrodynamical code FARGOCA that includes a full tensor viscosity and stellar irradiation as well as a two-temperature solver that includes radiation transport in the flux-limited diffusion approximation. Viscosity transitions inside the disc create transitions in density that stop inward migration for small planets through the so-called "planet trap" mechanism. This mechanism also works for planets down to M_P > 0.5M_E. Additionally, the viscosity transitions change the pressure gradient in the disc, which facilitates planetesimal formation via the streaming instability. However, a very steep transition in viscosity is needed to achieve in a pressure bump in the disc. The transition in viscosity facilitates planetesimal formation and can stop the migration of small-mass planets (M_P>0.5M_E), but still does not halt inward migration of smaller planets and planetesimals that are affected by gas drag. A very steep, probably unrealistic viscosity gradient is needed to trap planets of smaller masses and halt gas-drag-driven planetesimal migration at a pressure bump.

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