A locally integrable function $m(ξ,η)$ defined on $\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^n$ is said to be a bilinear multiplier on $\mathbb R^n$ of type $(p_1,p_2, p_3)$ if $$ B_m(f,g)(x)=\int_{\mathbb R^n} \int_{\mathbb R^n}\hat f(ξ)\hat g(η)m(ξ,η)e^{2πi(<ξ+η,x>} dξdη$$ defines a bounded bilinear operator from $L^{p_1}(\mathbb R^n)\times L^{p_2}(\mathbb R^n) $ to $L^{p_3}(\mathbb R^n)$. The study of the basic properties of such spaces is investigated and several methods of constructing examples of bilinear multipliers are provided. The special case where $m(ξ,η)= M(ξ-η)$ for a given $M$ defined on $\mathbb R^n$ is also addressed.
We give one sufficient and two necessary conditions for boundedness between Lebesgue or Lorentz spaces of several classes of bilinear multiplier operators closely connected with the bilinear Hilbert transform.
We consider the bilinear Fourier multiplier operator with the multiplier written as a linear combination of a fixed bump function. For those operators we prove two transference theorems, one in amalgam spaces and the other in Wiener amalgam spaces.
In this paper, the $L^2 \times L^{\infty} \to L^2$ and $L^2 \times L^2 \to L^1$ boundedness of bilinear Fourier multiplier operators is discussed under weak smoothness conditions on multipliers. As an application, we prove the $L^2 \times BMO \to L^2$ and $L^2 \times L^2 \to H^1$ boundedness of bilinear operators with multipliers of limited smoothness satisfying vanishing conditions.
We prove a DeLeeuw type theorem of transference of boundedness for modulation invariant multiplier operators between the groups defined by the real line and the torus.
This work is devoted to studying the boundedness on Lebesgue spaces of bilinear multipliers on $\R$ whose symbol is narrowly supported around a curve (in the frequency plane). We are looking for the optimal decay rate (depending on the width of this support) for exponents satisfying a sub-Hölder scaling. As expected, the geometry of the curve plays an important role, which is described. This has applications for the bilinear Bochner-Riesz problem (in particular, boundedness of multipliers whose symbol is the characteristic function of a set), as well as for the bilinear restriction-extension p…
We use wavelets of tensor product type to obtain the boundedness of bilinear multiplier operators on $\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^n$ associated with Hörmander multipliers on $\mathbb R^{2n}$ with minimal smoothness. We focus on the local $L^2$ case and we obtain boundedness under the minimal smoothness assumption of $n/2$ derivatives. We also provide counterexamples to obtain necessary conditions for all sets of indices.
We consider bilinear multipliers that appeared as a distinguished particular case in the classification of two-dimensional bilinear Hilbert transforms by Demeter and Thiele [9]. In this note we investigate their boundedness on Sobolev spaces. Furthermore, we study structurally similar operators with symbols that also depend on the spatial variables. The new results build on the existing L^p estimates for a paraproduct-like operator previously studied by the authors in [5] and [10]. Our primary intention is to emphasize the analogies with Coifman-Meyer multipliers and with bilinear pseudodiffer…
We use the very recent approach developed by Lacey in [23] and extended by Bernicot-Frey-Petermichl in [3], in order to control Bochner-Riesz operators by a sparse bilinear form. In this way, new quantitative weighted estimates, as well as vector-valued inequalities are deduced.
In this paper we investigate the boundedness properties of bilinear multiplier operators associated with unimodular functions of the form $m(ξ,η)=e^{i ϕ(ξ-η)}$. We prove that if $ϕ$ is a $C^1(\mathbb R^n)$ real-valued non-linear function, then for all exponents $p,q,r$ lying outside the local $L^2-$range and satisfying the Hölder's condition $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{r}$, the bilinear multiplier norm $$\|e^{iλϕ(ξ-η)}\|_{\mathcal M_{p,q,r}(\mathbb R^n)}\rightarrow \infty,~ λ\in \mathbb R,~ |λ|\rightarrow \infty.$$ For exponents in the local $L^2-$range, we give examples of unimodular fu…
Results analogous to those proved by Rubio de Francia are obtained for a class of maximal functions formed by dilations of bilinear multiplier operators of limited decay. We focus our attention to $L^2\times L^2\to L^1$ estimates. We discuss two applications: the boundedness of the bilinear maximal Bochner-Riesz operator and of the bilinear spherical maximal operator. For the latter we improve the known results by reducing the dimension restriction from $n\ge 8$ to $n\ge 4$.
We investigate two types of boundedness criteria for bilinear Fourier multiplier operators with symbols with bounded partial derivatives of all (or sufficiently many) orders. Theorems of the first type explicitly prescribe only a certain rate of decay of the symbol itself while theorems of the second type require, in addition, the same rate of decay of all derivatives of the symbol. We show that even though these two types of bilinear multiplier theorems are closely related, there are some fundamental differences between them which arise in limiting cases. Also, since theorems of the latter ty…
We provide sufficient normal curvature conditions on the boundary of a domain $D \subset \BBR^4$ to guarantee unboundedness of the bilinear Fourier multiplier operator $\T_D$ with symbol $χ_D$ outside the local $L^2$ setting, \textit{i.e}. from $L^{p_1} (\BBR^2) \times L^{p_2} (\BBR^2) \to L^{p_3'} (\BBR^2)$ with $\sum \frac{1}{p_j} = 1$ and $p_j <2$ for some $j$. In particular, these curvature conditions are satisfied by any domain $D$ that is locally strictly convex at a single boundary point.
In this paper we introduce Stein's square function associated with bilinear Bochner-Riesz means and investigate its $L^p$ boundedness properties. Further, we discuss several applications of the square function in the context of bilinear multipliers. In particular, we obtain results for maximal function associated with generalised bilinear Bochner-Riesz means. This extends the results proved in~\cite{JS}. Another application concerns the $L^p$ estimates for bilinear fractional Schrödinger multipliers. Finally, we improve upon a result of Grafakos, He and Honzik~\cite{GHH} in the context of bili…
In this paper we prove the bilinear analogue of de Leeuw's result for periodic bilinear multipliers and some Jodeit type extension results for bilinear multipliers.
We prove that bilinear fractional integral operators and similar multipliers are smoothing in the sense that they improve the regularity of functions. We also treat bilinear singular multiplier operators which preserve regularity and obtain several Leibniz-type rules in the contexts of Lebesgue and mixed Lebesgue spaces.
In this paper, we study properties of the bilinear multiplier space. We give a necessary condition for a continuous integrable function to be a bilinear multiplier on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. And we prove the localization theorem of multipliers on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Moreover, we present a Mihlin-Hörmander type theorem for multilinear Fourier multipliers on weighted variable Lebesgue spaces and give some applications.
We consider bilinear oscillatory integrals, i.e. pseudo-product operators whose symbol involves an oscillating factor. Lebesgue space inequalities are established, which give decay as the oscillation becomes stronger ; this extends the well-known linear theory of oscillatory integral in some directions. The proof relies on a combination of time-frequency analysis of Coifman-Meyer type with stationary and non-stationary phase estimates. As a consequence of this analysis, we obtain Lebesgue estimates for new bilinear multipliers defined by non-smooth symbols.
Given a smooth bump function, we consider the multiplier formed by taking the linear combination of the translations of the bump function and the corresponding bilinear Fourier multiplier operator. Under certain condition on the bump function, we give a complete characterization of the coefficients of the linear combination for which the corresponding bilinear operator defines a bounded operator from $L^2\times L^2$ to $L^2$-based amalgam spaces.
We develop a special multilinear complex interpolation theorem that allows us to prove an optimal version of the bilinear Hörmander multiplier theorem concerning symbols that lie in the Sobolev space $L^r_s(\mathbb R^{2n})$, $2\le r<\infty$, $rs>2n$, uniformly over all annuli. More precisely, given a smoothness index $s$, we find the largest open set of indices $(1/p_1,1/p_2 )$ for which we have boundedness for the associated bilinear multiplier operator from $L^{p_1}(\mathbb R^{ n})\times L^{p_2} (\mathbb R^{ n})$ to $ L^p(\mathbb R^{ n})$ when $1/p=1/p_1+1/p_2$, $1<p_1,p_2<\infty$.
Motivated by the problem of spherical summability of products of Fourier series, we study the boundedness of the bilinear Bochner-Riesz multipliers $(1-|ξ|^2-|η|^2)^δ_+$ and we make some advances in this investigation. We obtain an optimal result concerning the boundedness of these means from $L^2\times L^2 $ into $L^1$ with minimal smoothness, i.e., any $δ>0$, and we obtain estimates for other pairs of spaces for larger values of $δ$. Our study is broad enough to encompass general bilinear multipliers $m(ξ,η)$ radial in $ξ$ and $η$ with minimal smoothness, measured in Sobolev space norms. Our…
We obtain a sharp $L^2\times L^2 \to L^1$ boundedness criterion for a class of bilinear operators associated with a multiplier given by a signed sum of dyadic dilations of a given function, in terms of the $L^q$ integrability of this function; precisely we show that boundedness holds if and only if $q<4$. We discuss applications of this result concerning bilinear rough singular integrals and bilinear dyadic spherical maximal functions. Our second result is an optimal $L^2\times L^2\to L^1$ boundedness criterion for bilinear operators associated with multipliers with $L^\infty$ derivatives. Thi…
Let $n\ge 1$ and $\mathfrak{T}_{m}$ be the bilinear square Fourier multiplier operator associated with a symbol $m$, which is defined by $$ \mathfrak{T}_{m}(f_1,f_2)(x) = \biggl( \int_{0}^\infty\Big|\int_{(\mathbb{R}^n)^2} e^{2πix\cdot (ξ_1 +ξ_2) }m(tξ_1,tξ_2) \hat{f}_{1}(ξ_1)\hat{f}_{2}(ξ_2)dξ_1 dξ_2\Big|^2\frac{dt}{t } \biggr)^{\frac 12}. $$ Let $s$ be an integer with $s\in[n+1,2n]$ and $p_0$ be a number satisfying $2n/s\le p_0\le 2$. Suppose that $ν_{\vecω}=\prod_{i=1}^2ω_i^{p/ p_i}$ and each $ω_i$ is a nonnegative function on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this paper, we show that $\mathfrak{T}_{m}$ i…
We provide elementary proofs for the terms that are left in the work of Kelly Bickel, Sandra Pott, Maria C. Reguera, Eric T. Sawyer, Brett D. Wick who proved the sharp weighted $A_2$ bound for Haar shifts and Haar multiplier. Our proofs use weighted square function estimate, Carleson embedding and Wilson's system.
The reappearance of a sometimes called exotic behavior for linear and multilinear pseudodifferential operators is investigated. The phenomenon is shown to be present in a recently introduced class of bilinear pseudodifferential operators which can be seen as more general variable coefficient counterparts of the bilinear Hilbert transform and other singular bilinear multipliers operators. The unboundedness on product of Lebesgue spaces but the boundedness on spaces of smooth functions (which is the exotic behavior referred to) of such operators is obtained. In addition, by introducing a new way…
In this paper we prove that if $χ_{_E}(ξ-η)-$ the indicator function of measurable set $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d,$ is a bi-linear multiplier symbol for exponents $p,q,r$ satisfying the Hölder's condition $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=\frac{1}{r}$ and exactly one of $p,q,$ or $r'=\frac{r}{r-1}$ is less than $2,$ then $E$ is equivalent to an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d.$
This article is devoted to a study of the Hardy space $H^{\log} (\mathbb{R}^d)$ introduced by Bonami, Grellier, and Ky. We present an alternative approach to their result relating the product of a function in the real Hardy space $H^1$ and a function in $BMO$ to distributions that belong to $H^{\log}$ based on dyadic paraproducts. We also point out analogues of classical results of Hardy-Littlewood, Zygmund, and Stein for $H^{\log}$ and related Musielak-Orlicz spaces.
We study the boundedness properties of commutators formed by $b$ and $T$, where $T$ is a bilinear bi-parameter singular integral satisfying natural $T1$ type conditions and $b$ is a little BMO function. For paraproduct free bilinear bi-parameter singular integrals $T$ we prove that $[b, T]_1 \colon L^p(\mathbb{R}^{n+m}) \times L^q(\mathbb{R}^{n+m}) \to L^r(\mathbb{R}^{n+m})$ in the full range $1 < p, q \le \infty$, $1/2 < r < \infty$ satisfying $1/p+1/q = 1/r$. A special case is when $T$ is a bilinear bi-parameter multiplier. We also prove the corresponding Banach range result for all singular…
We consider bilinear restriction estimates for wave-Schrödinger interactions and provided a sharp condition to ensure that the product belongs to $L^q_t L^r_x$ in the full bilinear range $\frac{2}{q} + \frac{d+1}{r} < d+1$, $1 \leqslant q, r \leqslant 2$. Moreover, we give a counter-example which shows that the bilinear restriction estimate can fail, even in the transverse setting. This failure is closely related to the lack of curvature of the cone. Finally we mention extensions of these estimates to adapted function spaces. In particular we give a general transference type principle for $U^2…
In this short note, we consider bilinear pseudo-differential operators with symbols belonging to the Sjöstrand class. We show that those operators are bounded from the product of the $L^2$-based Sobolev spaces $H^{s_1} \times H^{s_2}$ to $L^r$ for $s_1,s_2 > 0$, $s_1+s_2=n/2$, and $1 \leq r \leq 2$.
In this note it is shown that the class of all multipliers from the $d$-parameter Hardy space $H^1_{\mathrm{prod}} (\mathbb{T}^d)$ to $L^2 (\mathbb{T}^d)$ is properly contained in the class of all multipliers from $L \log^{d/2} L (\mathbb{T}^d)$ to $L^2(\mathbb{T}^d)$.
In a previous paper, we obtained several "compact versions" of Rubio de Francia's weighted extrapolation theorem, which allowed us to extrapolate the compactness of linear operators from just one space to the full range of weighted Lebesgue spaces, where these operators are bounded. In this paper, we study the extrapolation of compactness for bilinear operators in terms of bilinear Muckenhoupt weights. As applications, we easily recover and improve earlier results on the weighted compactness of commutators of bilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators, bilinear fractional integrals and bilinear Fouri…
The endpoint Strichartz estimate $\| e^{itΔ} f \|_{L^2_t L^\infty_x(\R \times \R^2)} \lesssim \|f\|_{L^2_x(\R^2)}$ is known to be false by the work of Montgomery-Smith, despite being only ``logarithmically far'' from being true in some sense. In this short note we show that (in sharp constrast to the $L^p_{t,x}$ Strichartz estimates) the situation is not improved by passing to a bilinear setting; more precisely, if $P, P'$ are non-trivial smooth Fourier cutoff multipliers then we show that the bilinear estimate $$\| (e^{itΔ} P f) (e^{itΔ} P' g) \|_{L^2_t L^\infty_x(\R \times \R^2)} \lesssim \|…
M. Lacey and C. Thiele proved in [27] (Annals of Math. (1997)) and [28] (Annals of Math. (1999)) that the bilinear Hilbert transform maps $L^{p_1}\times L^{p_2}\rightarrow L^{p}$ boundedly when $\frac{1}{p_1}+\frac{1}{p_2}=\frac{1}{p}$ with $1<p_{1}, \, p_{2}\leq\infty$ and $\frac{2}{3}<p<\infty$. Whether the $L^p$ estimates hold in the range $p\in (1/2,2/3]$ has remained an open problem since then. In this paper, we prove that the bilinear Hilbert transform does not map $\mathcal{F}L^{p'_{1}}\times L^{p_{2}}\rightarrow L^{p}$ for $p_1<2$ and $L^{p_{1}}\times \mathcal{F}L^{p'_{2}}\rightarrow L…
In this note we prove a new result about (finite) multiplier sequences, i.e. linear operators acting diagonally in the standard monomial basis of R[x] and sending polynomials with all real roots to polynomials with all real roots. Namely, we show that any such operator does not decrease the logarithmic mesh when acting on an arbitrary polynomial having all roots real and of the same sign. The logarithmic mesh of such a polynomial is defined as the minimal quotient of its consecutive roots taken in the non-decreasing order.
For a general compact variety $Γ$ of arbitrary codimension, one can consider the $L^p$ mapping properties of the Bôchner-Riesz multiplier $$ m_{Γ, α}(ζ) \ = \ {\rm dist}(ζ, Γ)^α ϕ(ζ) $$ where $α> 0$ and $ϕ$ is an appropriate smooth cut-off function. Even for the sphere $Γ= {\mathbb S}^{N-1}$, the exact $L^p$ boundedness range remains a central open problem in Euclidean Harmonic Analysis. In this paper we consider the $L^p$ integrability of the Bôchner-Riesz convolution kernel for a particular class of varieties (of any codimension). For a subclass of these varieties the range of $L^p$ integrab…
In this short note, we prove that the subspace of radial multipliers is contractively complemented in the space of Fourier multipliers on the Bochner space $\mathrm{L}^p(\mathbb{R}^n,X)$ where $X$ is a Banach space and where $1 \leq p <\infty$. Moreover, if $X = \mathbb{C}$, then this complementation preserves the positivity of multipliers.
In this paper we show that the solution of the supercrti- cal surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation, starting from initial data in homogeneous critical Besov spaces belong to a subanalytic Gevrey class. In particular, we improve upon the result of Dong and Li in [26], where they showed that the solutions of Chen-Miao-Zhang (cf. [11]) are classical solutions. We extend the approach of Biswas (cf. [7]) to critical, L^p -based Besov spaces, and adapt the point of view of Lemarie- Rieusset (cf. [36]), who treated the operator arising from applying the analytic Gevrey operator to a product of an…
To study the compactness of bilinear commutators of certain bilinear Calderón--Zygmund operators which include (inhomogeneous) Coifman--Meyer bilinear Fourier multipliers and bilinear pseudodifferential operators as special examples, Torres and Xue [Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 36 (2020), 939--956] introduced a new subspace of BMO$\,(\mathbb{R}^n)$, denoted by XMO$\,(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and conjectured that it is just the space VMO$\,(\mathbb{R}^n)$ introduced by D. Sarason. In this article, the authors give a negative answer to this conjecture by establishing an equivalent characterization of XMO$\,(\mathb…
In this note we investigate some conditions of Hörmander-Mihlin type in order to assure the $L^\infty$-${\textnormal{BMO}}$ boundedness for pseudo-multipliers of the harmonic oscillator. The $\textnormal{H}^1$-$L^1$ continuity for Hermite multipliers also is investigated. The final version of this paper will appear in Rev. Colombiana Mat.
This note introduces bilinear estimates intended as a step towards an $L^\infty$-endpoint Kato-Ponce inequality. In particular, a bilinear version of the classical Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequalities for a product of functions is proved.
