The charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole is plagued by several pathologies: a) Presence of divergent boundary terms in the action, hence of a divergent black hole mass; b) Once a finite, renormalized, mass M is defined black hole states exist for arbitrarily negative values of M; c) There is no upper bound on the charge Q. We show that these pathological features are an artifact of the renormalization procedure. They can be completely removed by using an alternative renormalization scheme leading to a different definition M_0 of the black hole mass, which is the total energy inside the horizon. The new mass satisfies a BPS-like bound M_0\ge (π/2)Q^2 and the heat capacity of the hole is positive. We also discuss the black hole thermodynamics that arises when M_0 is interpreted as the internal energy of the system. We show, using three independent approaches (black hole thermodynamics, Einstein equations, Euclidean action formulation) that M_0 satisfies the first law if a term describing the mechanical work done by the electrostatic pressure is introduced.
We present the thermodynamics of a charged and rotating BTZ black holes here. In particular, we derive expressions for various macroscopic thermal quantities such as entropy, Hawking temperature, Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and specific heat. To study the effects of small statistical thermal fluctuations around the equilibrium on thermodynamics, we calculated the leading-order corrections to the various thermodynamical potentials of charged and rotating BTZ black hole and do comparative analysis for the fixed values of charge and angular momentum.
Due to the asymptotic structure of the black hole solution, there are two different thermodynamic schemes for the charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In one scheme, the charged BTZ black hole is super-entropic, while in the other, it is not (the reverse isoperimetric inequality is saturated). In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic curvature of the charged BTZ black hole in different coordinate spaces. We find that in both schemes, the thermodynamic curvature is always positive, which may be related to the information of repulsive interaction between black hole molecul…
In this manuscript, we investigate the thermal properties of the rotating charged BTZ black hole under the gravity's rainbow (GR) and generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) formalism. At first, we study the GR-corrected thermal quantities according to the usual Heisenberg algebra. Then, we consider a deformed algebra that leads to a change in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and compare the Hawking temperature, entropy, thermodynamical volume, pressure, and heat capacity functions with the previous results. Thus, we understand and interpret the quantum effects on the BTZ black hole.
Noncommutative geometry is an established potential candidate for including quantum phenomena in gravitation. We outline the formalism of Hopf algebras and its connection to the algebra of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms. Using a Drinfeld twist we deform spacetime symmetries, algebra of vector fields and differential forms leading to a formulation of noncommutative Einstein equations. We study a concrete example of charged BTZ spacetime and deformations steaming from the so called angular twist. The entropy of the noncommutative charged BTZ black hole is obtained using the brick-wall method. We …
We construct an axially symmetric solution of Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity coupled to an electromagnetic field in 2+1 dimensions including a (negative) cosmological constant term. This is achieved by using a recently developed mapping procedure that allows to generate solutions in certain families of metric-affine gravity theories starting from a known seed solution of General Relativity, which in the present case corresponds to the electrically charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) solution. We discuss the main features of the new configurations, including the modifications to th…
Physical Features of Geometrically Deformed Anisotropic Charged Three-dimensional BTZ Black Holes
Institute of Mathematics, University of the Punjab（旁遮普大学数学研究所）；Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University（福岛大学共生系统科学学院）；Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Saud University（国王沙特大学理学院数学系）；Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University（真纳大学数学系）；Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University（哈扎尔大学天体物理学与宇宙学研究中心）
The strong cosmic censorship conjecture, whose validation asserts the deterministic nature of general relativity, has been studied for charged BTZ black holes in three dimensional general relativity, as well as for Nth order pure Lovelock gravity in d=2N+1 spacetime dimensions. Through both analytical and numerical routes, we have computed the ratio of the imaginary part of the quasi-normal mode frequencies with the surface gravity at the Cauchy horizon. The lowest of which corresponds to the key parameter associated with violation of strong cosmic censorship conjecture. Our results demonstrat…
Slowly rotating charged BTZ black hole solutions in Palatini Chern-Simons gravity
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC‐Universitat de València（粒子物理研究所 (IFIC)，西班牙瓦伦西亚大学）；Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)（塞阿拉联邦大学）；Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte（北里奥格兰德联邦大学）；International Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte（北里奥格兰德联邦大学国际物理研究所）；Universidade Federal da Paraíba（帕拉伊巴联邦大学）
We provide a discussion on a light ray in a charged black hole solution in massive gravity. To serve the purpose, we exploit the optical geometry of the black hole solution and find the Gaussian curvature in weak gravitational lensing. Furthermore, we discuss the deflection angle of the light ray in both plasma and non-plasma mediums using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on the black hole. We also analyze the Regge--Wheeler equation and derive rigorous bounds on the greybody factors of linearly charged massive BTZ black hole. We also study the shadow or silhouette generated by charged massive BTZ bla…
In this paper, we study the thermodynamics and phase transition of a BTZ black hole in a finite space region, namely a cavity. By imposing a temperature-fixed boundary condition on the wall of the cavity and evaluating the Euclidean action, we derive the thermodynamic quantities and then construct the first law of thermodynamics for a static and neutral BTZ black hole, a rotating BTZ black hole and a charged BTZ black hole, respectively. We prove that heat capacities of these three types of black holes are always non-negative. Considering a grand canonical ensemble, we find that the non-extrem…
Near-horizon limit of the charged BTZ black hole and AdS_2 quantum gravity
我们证明了3D带电Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli（BTZ）黑洞解插值于两个不同的2D AdS时空：一个是具有常数介子和U（1）场的近极值、近视界AdS_2几何，另一个是具有线性介子的渐近AdS_2几何.因此，荷电BTZ黑洞可以被认为是介于到目前为止为AdS_2量子引力提出的两个不同的公式之间的插值。在这两种情况下的理论是手性的一半的2D CFT和描述，分别布朗-亨诺样边界变形和近地平线的激发。渐近CFT的中心荷c_as由3D牛顿常数G和AdS长度l决定，c_as=3l/G，而近视界CFT的中心电荷c_nh还取决于U（1）电荷Q，c_nh \propto l Q/ \sqrt G.
It is well known that ($2+1$) dimensional charged BTZ (Banados, Teitelboim, Zanelli) black hole can be overcharged by a charged scalar field and a charged particle in contrast to their analogues in ($3+1$) and higher dimensions. In this regard, it may play an important role to understand more deeply the properties of the ($2+1$)-dimensional charged black hole in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. In this paper, we test the validity of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for the ($2+1$)-dimensional charged black hole in novel EGB theory derived recently by Henniger et. al (2021). We sho…
In this paper, we study the Hawking temperature of the BTZ black hole based on the purely topological method proposed by Robson, Villari, and Biancalana (RVB) [Phys. Rev. D 99, 044042 (2019)]. The Hawking temperature of the charged rotating BTZ black hole can be accurately derived by this topological method. We also calculate the Hawking temperature of the BTZ black hole in massive gravity. Because the metric function of the BTZ black hole in massive gravity has a mass term, the corresponding Hawking temperature cannot be derived unless an integral constant is added.
