Alexis Larranaga
In this paper we will show that using the cosmological constant as a new thermodynamical state variable, the differential and integral mass formulas of the first law of thermodynamics for asymptotic flat spacetimes can be extended to (2+1) dimensional charged BTZ black holes and charged de Sitter space.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
Recently it has been shown that a 2+1 dimensional black hole can be created by a collapse of two colliding massless particles in otherwise empty anti-de Sitter space. Here we generalize this construction to the case of a non-zero impact parameter. The resulting spacetime, which may be regarded as a Gott universe in anti-de Sitter background, contains closed timelike curves. By treating these as singular we are able to interpret our solution as a rotating black hole, hence providing a link between the Gott universe and the BTZ black hole. When analyzing the spacetime we see how the full causal …
In this work we study the Quasi Normal Modes(QNMs) under massless scalar perturbations and the thermodynamics of linearly charged BTZ black holes in massive gravity in the (Anti)de Sitter((A)dS) space time. It is found that the behavior of QNMs changes with the massive parameter and also with the charge of the black hole. The thermodynamics of such black holes in the (A)dS space time is also analyzed in detail. The behavior of specific heat with temperature for such black holes gives an indication of a phase transition that depends on the massive parameter and also on the charge of the black h…
In this paper, we study different cases of the charged rotating BTZ black hole with reference to their horizons. For the existence of these cases conditions on mass, charge and angular momentum of the black hole are obtained. It is also shown that the Einstein field equations for the charged rotating BTZ black hole at the horizon can be expressed as first law of thermodynamics, $dE=TdS+ΩdJ+Φdq+P_{r}dA$.
As is already known, a spacetime horizon acts like a boundary of a thermal system an we can associate with it notions as temperature and entropy. Following the work of M. Akbar, in this paper we will show how it is possible to interpret the field equation of a charged BTZ black hole near horizon as a thermodynamic identity dE=TdS+PdA+PhidQ, where Phi is the electric potential and Q is the electric charge of BTZ black hole. These results indicate that the field equations for the charged BTZ black hole possess intrinsic thermodynamic properties near horizon.
We study the Klein-Gordon equation of a scalar field conformally coupled to a charged BTZ black hole. The background metric is obtained by coupling a non-linear and conformal invariant Maxwell field to (2+1) gravity. We show that the radial part is generally solved by a Heun function and, in the pure gravity limit, by a hypergeometric function.
It is known that traversable wormhole can exist in General Relativity only if its throat contains some exotic matter. In this paper, we obtain $(2+1)$-dimensional (horizonless) charged magnetic brane without (curvature) singularity. Then, we consider a nontrivial local transformation to grant a global rotation to spacetime. After that, we generalize magnetic brane to higher dimensional solutions and use the cut-and-paste method to construct higher dimensional charged BTZ-like rotating wormholes such a way that they reduce to charged magnetic BTZ solution in three dimensions, exactly. We also s…
Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we calculate the explicit form of the entanglement entropy for the charged BTZ black hole. The leading term in the large temperature expansion of the entropy function for this black hole reproduces its Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the subleading term, representing the first corrections due to quantum entanglement, behaves as a logarithm of the BH entropy.
Gravitational analyzes in lower dimensions has become a field of active research interest ever since Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) (Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1849, 1992) proved the existence of a black hole solution in (2 + 1) dimensions. The BTZ metric has inspired many investigators to develop and analyze circularly symmetric stellar models which can be matched to the exterior BTZ metric. We have obtained two new classes of solutions for a (2 + 1)-dimensional anisotropic star in anti-de Sitter background space-time which have been obtained by assuming that the equation of state (EOS) desc…
We investigate the first law of thermodynamics in the case of the (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black holes and Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes, in particular, we focus on the integral mass formulas. It is found that by assuming the cosmological constant as a variable state parameter, both the differential and integral mass formulas of the first law of black hole thermodynamics in the asymptotic flat spacetimes can be directly extended to those of rotating black holes in anti-de Sitter and de Sitter backgrounds. It should be pointed that these formulas come into existence in any dimensions also.
In this paper we study the first law of thermodynamics for the (2+1) dimensional rotating charged BTZ black hole considering a pair of thermodinamical systems constructed with the two horizons of this solution. We show that these two systems are similar to the right and left movers of string theory and that the temperature associated with the black hole is the harmonic mean of the temperatures associated with these two systems.
It is well known that ($2+1$) dimensional charged BTZ (Banados, Teitelboim, Zanelli) black hole can be overcharged by a charged scalar field and a charged particle in contrast to their analogues in ($3+1$) and higher dimensions. In this regard, it may play an important role to understand more deeply the properties of the ($2+1$)-dimensional charged black hole in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. In this paper, we test the validity of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for the ($2+1$)-dimensional charged black hole in novel EGB theory derived recently by Henniger et. al (2021). We sho…
This study is purposed to derive the equation of motion for geodesics in vicinity of spacetime of a (2 + 1)-dimensional charged BTZ black hole. In this paper, we solve geodesics for both massive and massless particles in terms of Weierstrass elliptic and Kleinian sigma hyper-elliptic functions. Then we determine different trajectories of motion for particles in terms of conserved energy and angular momentum and also using effective potential.
A recent paper [M. Kamata and T. Koikawa, Phys. Lett. {\bf B353} (1995) 196.] claimed to obtain the charged version of the $(2+1)$-dimensional spinning $BTZ$ black hole solution by assuming a (anti-) self dual condition imposed on the electric and magnetic fields. We point out that the angular momentum and mass diverge at spatial infinity and as a consequence the solution is unphysical
In this paper, we investigate the entanglement entropy for the generalized charged BTZ black hole through the $AdS_{3}/CFT_{2}$ correspondence. Using the holographic description of the entanglement entropy for the strip-subsystem in boundary $CFT_{2}$, we will find the first law-like relation between the variation of holographic entanglement entropy and the variation of energy of the subsystem in terms of the mass and the electric charge up to the second order. We also obtain appropriate counterterms to renormalize the energy tensor associated with the bulk on-shell actions.
Recently M. Kamata and T. Koikawa claimed to obtain the charged version of the spinning BTZ black hole solution by assuming an (anti-) self dual condition imposed on the orthonormal basis components of the electric and magnetic fields. We point out that the Kamata-Koikawa field is not a solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations and we find the correct solution of the studied problem. It is shown that a duality mapping exists among spinning solutions obtained from electrostatic and magnetostatic fields with the help of the local transformation $t\longrightarrow t-ωθθ\longrightarrow θ-ωt.$
We find solution to the metric function f(r)=0 of charged BTZ black hole making use of the Lambert function. The condition of extremal charged BTZ black hole is determined by a non-linear relation of M_e(Q)=Q^2(1-\ln Q^2). Then, we study the entropy of extremal charged BTZ black hole using the entropy function approach. It is shown that this formalism works with a proper normalization of charge Q for charged BTZ black hole because AdS_2 x S^1 represents near-horizon geometry of the extremal charged BTZ black hole. Finally, we introduce the Wald's Noether formalism to reproduce the entropy of t…
We obtain the higher dimensional global flat embeddings of static, rotating, and charged BTZ black holes. On the other hand, we also study the similar higher dimensional flat embeddings of the (2+1) de Sitter black holes which are the counterparts of the anti-de Sitter BTZ black holes. As a result, the charged dS black hole is shown to be embedded in (3+2) GEMS, contrast to the charged BTZ one having (3+3) GEMS structure.
Quasinormal modes of charged BTZ black holes
本文研究了(2+1)维带电BTZ黑洞中标量场方程的准正规谱，通过两种方法验证了几何稳定性，发现无角动量基本模式受黑洞电荷显著影响，且其演化由纯虚数频率控制。
The observation that the 2+1 dimensional BTZ black hole can be obtained as a quotient space of anti-de Sitter space leads one to ask what causal behaviour other such quotient spaces can display. In this paper we answer this question in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions when the identification group has one generator. Among other things we find that there does not exist any 3+1 generalization of the rotating BTZ hole. However, the non-rotating generalization exists and exhibits some unexpected properties. For example, it turns out to be non-static and to possess a non-trivial apparent horizon.
In this work, we shall analyze the effects of quantum fluctuations on the properties of a BTZ black hole, in a massive theory of gravity. We will analyze this for a charged BTZ black hole in asymptotically AdS and dS space-times. The quantum fluctuations would produce thermal fluctuations in the thermodynamics of this BTZ black hole. As these fluctuations would become relevant at a sufficiently small scale, we shall discuss the effects of such thermal fluctuations on the entropy of a small charged BTZ black. We shall also analyze the effects of these fluctuations on the stability of such a bla…
We generate from the static charged BTZ black hole a family of spinning charged solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell equations in 2+1 dimensions. These solutions go over, in a suitable limit, to self-dual spinning charged solutions, which are horizonless and regular, with logarithmically divergent mass and spin. To cure this divergence, we add a topological Chern-Simons term to the gauge field action. The resulting self-dual solution is horizonless, regular, and asymptotic to the extreme BTZ black hole.
The (single) black hole solutions of Bañados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) in 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space are generalized to an arbitrary number $n$ of such black holes. The resulting multi-black-hole (MBH) spacetime is locally isometric to anti-de Sitter space, and globally it is obtained from the latter as a quotient space by means of suitable identifications. The MBH spacetime has $n$ asymptotically anti-de Sitter exterior regions, each of which has the geometry of a single BTZ black hole. These exterior regions are separated by $n$ horizons from a common interior region. This inte…
Viewing Hawking radiation as a 1D single quantum channel Landauer transport process, Nation et al calculated the energy flux and entropy flux from a Schwarzschild black hole without chemical potential. To generalize the method to the case with chemical potential, a rotating charged and non-charged BTZ black hole is investigated. Energy flux and entropy flux obtained are consistent with that from anomaly theory. The maximum energy flux and entropy flux are independent on the statistics of bosons or fermions.
In this paper, we study the charged and uncharged BTZ counterpart of the Black-Bounce proposed by Simpson and Visser recently. For the uncharged case, we find that the temperature is not modified by the bounce parameter. We also find that the wormhole side of the solution must always be supported by exotic matter over the throat. For the charged case we find that the thermodynamics is changed and the bounce parameter controls a phase transition, affecting the sign of the heat capacity and therefore the stability of the system. For the uncharged case, we find that there are no stable orbits for…
We present the thermodynamics of a charged and rotating BTZ black holes here. In particular, we derive expressions for various macroscopic thermal quantities such as entropy, Hawking temperature, Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and specific heat. To study the effects of small statistical thermal fluctuations around the equilibrium on thermodynamics, we calculated the leading-order corrections to the various thermodynamical potentials of charged and rotating BTZ black hole and do comparative analysis for the fixed values of charge and angular momentum.
In this paper, we consider three-dimensional massive gravity's rainbow and obtain black hole solutions in three different cases of Born-Infeld, logarithmic, and exponential theories of nonlinear electrodynamics. We discuss the horizon structure and geometrical properties. Then, we study thermodynamics of these models by considering the first-order quantum correction effects, which appears as a logarithmic term in the black hole entropy. We discuss such effects on the black hole stability and phase transitions. We find that, due to the quantum corrections, the second-order phase transition happ…
Charged rotating BTZ solution revisited: New coordinates and algebraic classifications
本文重探三维 Einstein-Maxwell-Λ 带电旋转 BTZ 解，通过缩放与重参数化扩展其适用范围，提出视界处正则的 Doran 型新坐标，并给出 Cotton 张量与 Maxwell 能动张量的代数分类。
In this paper we study the first law of thermodynamics for the (2+1) dimensional charged BTZ black hole considering a pair of thermodinamical systems constructed with the two horizons of this solution. We show that these two systems are similar to the right and left movers of string theory and that the temperature associated with the black hole is the harmonic mean of the temperatures associated with these two systems.
The entropy of the charged BTZ black hole horizon is described by the Cardy-Verlinde formula. We then compute the self-gravitational corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde formula of the charged BTZ black hole in the context of Keski-Vakkuri, Kraus and Wilczek (KKW) analysis. The self-gravitational corrections to the entropy as given by the Cardy-Verlinde formula are found to be positive. This result provides evidence in support of the claim that the holographic bound is not universal in the framework of two-dimensional gravity models.
We point out that the BTZ black holes, and their relatives, can be defined in a cleaner way than they originally were. The covering space can be taken to be anti-de Sitter space, period, while scri splits up into components due to Misner singularities. Our definition permits us to choose between two conflicting claims concerning BTZ black holes in 3+1 dimensions.
In the present paper, the quantum corrections to the temperature, entropy and specific heat capacity of the charged non-rotating BTZ black hole are studied by generalized uncertainty principle in tunneling formalism. It is shown that quantum corrected entropy would be of the form of predicted entropy in quantum gravity theories like string theory and loop quantum gravity.
Lower dimensional gravity has the potential of providing non-trivial and valuable insight into some of the conceptual issues arising in four dimensional relativistic gravitational analysis. The asymptotically anti-de Sitter (2+1) dimensional spacetime described by Ba$\tilde{n}$ados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) which admits a black hole solution, has become a source of fascination for theoretical physicists in recent years. By suitably choosing the form of the mass function $m(r)$, we derive a new class of solutions for the interior of an isotropic star corresponding to the exterior (2+1) asym…
In this paper a Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) black hole is constructed from an exact solution of the Einstein field equations in a (2+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime in the context of noncommutative geometry. The BTZ black hole turns out to have two horizons, no horizon or a single horizon corresponding to a minimal mass. Certain thermodynamical properties are investigated, including Hawking temperature, entropy and heat capacity. Also discussed is the geodesic structure of BTZ black holes for both massless and massive particles. In particular, it is shown that bound orbits fo…
In this study, the quantum gravity effect on the tunnelling radiation of charged massive spin-0 scalar particle from 2+1 dimensional charged rotating Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole is looked into by using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. For this, we calculate the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole by using the modified Klein-Gordon equation based on the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), and we noticed that the modified Hawking temperature of the black hole depends not only on the black hole properties, but also on the angular momentum, energy, charge and mass of t…
Due to the asymptotic structure of the black hole solution, there are two different thermodynamic schemes for the charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In one scheme, the charged BTZ black hole is super-entropic, while in the other, it is not (the reverse isoperimetric inequality is saturated). In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic curvature of the charged BTZ black hole in different coordinate spaces. We find that in both schemes, the thermodynamic curvature is always positive, which may be related to the information of repulsive interaction between black hole molecul…
We find an exact nonstatic charged BTZ-like solutions, in ($N$+1)-dimensional Einstein gravity in the presence of negative cosmological constant and a nonlinear Maxwell field defined by a power $s$ of the Maxwell invariant, which describes the gravitational collapse of charged null fluid in an anti-de Sitter background. Considering the situation that a charged null fluid injects into the initially an anti-de Sitter spacetime, we show that a black hole form rather than a naked singularity, irrespective of spacetime dimensions, from gravitational collapse in accordance with cosmic censorship con…
The well-known $(2+1)$-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom (BTZ) black hole can be generalized to three dimensional Einstein-nonlinear electromagnetic field, motivated from obtaining a finite value for the self-energy of a pointlike charge. Considering three types of nonlinear electromagnetic fields coupled with Einstein gravity, we derive three kinds of black hole solutions which their asymptotic properties are the same as charged BTZ solution. In addition, we calculate conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the solutions and show that they satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. Finally, we p…
In this work, we obtained the black hole solutions in the expansion f(R)-gravitation (R is not regarded as a constant here), and studied their thermodynamics, especially the phase transition and criticality in anti-de Sitter Behavior (AdS) expands the phase space. We obtained accurate Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli (BTZ) corresponding solutions in dilaton f(R)-gravity, which is the basis of our work. We also obtained the exact form of the f(R) model for some solutions. In thermodynamic analysis, we calculate thermodynamic quantities such as temperature and entropy of these solutions and compa…
In this manuscript, we investigate the thermal properties of the rotating charged BTZ black hole under the gravity's rainbow (GR) and generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) formalism. At first, we study the GR-corrected thermal quantities according to the usual Heisenberg algebra. Then, we consider a deformed algebra that leads to a change in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and compare the Hawking temperature, entropy, thermodynamical volume, pressure, and heat capacity functions with the previous results. Thus, we understand and interpret the quantum effects on the BTZ black hole.
We investigate thermodynamic geometries of two families of asymptotically Anti-de Sitter black holes, i.e. the Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter in four dimensions and the BTZ black hole. It is found that the Anti-de Sitter space renders the geometry nontrivial (c.f. the Reissner-Nordström black hole in asymptotically flat background). The BTZ black hole's thermodynamic geometry is trivial despite the fact that it is characterized by the (negative) cosmological constant. As a matter of curiosity we compute thermodynamic geometry of these black holes regarding the cosmological constant as a tru…
We describe three-dimensional Kerr-de Sitter space using similar methods as recently applied to the BTZ black hole. A rigorous form of the classical connection between gravity in three dimensions and two-dimensional conformal field theory is employed, where the fundamental degrees of freedom are described in terms of two dependent SL(2,C) currents. In contrast to the BTZ case, however, quantization does not give the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy connected to the cosmological horizon of Kerr-de Sitter space.
We investigate the existence and stability of both the timelike and null circular orbits for a (2+1) dimensional charged BTZ black hole in Einstein-nonlinear Maxwell gravity with a negative cosmological constant. The stability analysis of orbits are performed to study the possibility of chaos in geodesic motion for a special case of black hole so-called conformally invariant Maxwell spacetime. The computations of both proper time Lyapunov exponent ($λ_{p}$) and coordinate time Lyapunov exponent ($λ_{c}$) are useful to determine the stability of these circular orbits. We observe the behavior of…
The massless scalar wave propagation in the time-dependent BTZ black hole background has been studied. It is shown that in the quasi-normal ringing both the decay and oscillation time-scales are modified in the time-dependent background.
We obtain a (3+3)-dimensional global flat embedding of the generalized (2+1) charged Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black holes in massive gravity. We also study the local free-fall temperatures for freely falling observers starting from rest and investigate the effect of the charge and graviton mass in free-fall temperatures.
The charged BTZ black hole is characterized by a power-law curvature singularity generated by the electric charge of the hole. The curvature singularity produces ln r terms in the asymptotic expansion of the gravitational field and divergent contributions to the boundary terms. We show that these boundary deformations can be generated by the action of the conformal group in two dimensions and that an appropriate renormalization procedure allows for the definition of finite boundary charges. In the semiclassical regime the central charge of the dual CFT turns out to be that calculated by Brown …
Scalar field instabilities in charged BTZ black holes
本文研究带电BTZ黑洞中标量场的稳定性，发现存在临界标量电荷，超过后演化不稳定，并在小电荷稳定区域计算了准正则模。
We propose a new model of a gravastar in (2+1) anti-de Sitter space-time. This new three dimensional configuration has three different regions with different equations of state: [I] Interior: 0 \leq r < r_1, ρ= -p ; [II] Shell: r_1 \leq r < r_2, ρ= p; [III] Exterior: r_2 < r, ρ= p =0. The outer region of this gravastar corresponds to the exterior (2+1) anti-de Sitter space-time, popularly known as the BTZ space-time. Like BTZ model, Λis taken to be negative, which at the junction turns out to be positive as required by stability of gravastar and mathematical consistency. After investigating th…
New solutions for $(2+1)$-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell space-time are found for a static spherically symmetric charged fluid distribution with the additional condition of allowing conformal killing vectors (CKV). We discuss physical properties of the fluid parameters. Moreover, it is shown that the model actually represents two structures, namely (i) Gravastar as an alternative of black hole and (ii) Electromagnetic Mass model depending on the nature of the equation state of the fluid. Here the gravitational mass originates from electromagnetic field alone. The solutions are matched with the e…
We study the thermodynamics and the thermodynamic geometries of charged rotating BTZ (CR-BTZ) black holes in (2+1)-gravity. We investigate the thermodynamics of these systems within the context of the Weinhold and Ruppeiner thermodynamic geometries and the recently developed formalism of geometrothermodynamics (GTD). Considering the behavior of the heat capacity and the Hawking temperature, we show that Weinhold and Ruppeiner geometries cannot describe completely the thermodynamics of these black holes and of their limiting case of vanishing electric charge. In contrast, the Legendre invarianc…
Charged Accelerating BTZ black holes
本文提取并研究了无电荷和带电加速BTZ黑洞解，分析了其渐近行为、视界根及温度特性，发现带电加速BTZ AdS黑洞的温度始终为正。
BTZ black holes are excellent laboratories for studying black hole thermodynamics which is a bridge between classical general relativity and quantum nature of gravitation. In addition, three-dimensional gravity could have equipped us for exploring some of the ideas behind the two dimensional conformal field theory based on the $AdS_{3}/CFT_{2}$. Considering the significant interests in these regards, we examine charged BTZ black holes. We consider the system contains massive gravity with energy dependent spacetime to enrich the results. In order to make high curvature (energy) BTZ black holes …
Noncommutative geometry is an established potential candidate for including quantum phenomena in gravitation. We outline the formalism of Hopf algebras and its connection to the algebra of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms. Using a Drinfeld twist we deform spacetime symmetries, algebra of vector fields and differential forms leading to a formulation of noncommutative Einstein equations. We study a concrete example of charged BTZ spacetime and deformations steaming from the so called angular twist. The entropy of the noncommutative charged BTZ black hole is obtained using the brick-wall method. We …
Motivated by the wide applications of BTZ black holes and interesting results of gravity's rainbow, we consider three dimensional rainbow solutions and investigate their thermodynamic properties. In addition to investigate black holes thermodynamics related to AdS/CFT correspondence, one may regard gravity's rainbow to to encode quantum gravity effects into the black hole solutions. We take into account the various models of linear and nonlinear electrodynamics and study their effects on the gravity's rainbow spacetime. We also examine thermal stability and find that obtained three dimensional…
We construct an axially symmetric solution of Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity coupled to an electromagnetic field in 2+1 dimensions including a (negative) cosmological constant term. This is achieved by using a recently developed mapping procedure that allows to generate solutions in certain families of metric-affine gravity theories starting from a known seed solution of General Relativity, which in the present case corresponds to the electrically charged Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) solution. We discuss the main features of the new configurations, including the modifications to th…
Charge superradiance on charged BTZ black holes
本研究针对带电BTZ黑洞背景下的带电标量场超辐射散射展开，分析不同边界条件、黑洞状态及参数的影响，证实了带电旋转BTZ黑洞存在多类边界条件下的复频率超辐射散射模式，并探究了电荷对出射能流的影响及模式稳定性。
We provide a discussion on a light ray in a charged black hole solution in massive gravity. To serve the purpose, we exploit the optical geometry of the black hole solution and find the Gaussian curvature in weak gravitational lensing. Furthermore, we discuss the deflection angle of the light ray in both plasma and non-plasma mediums using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem on the black hole. We also analyze the Regge--Wheeler equation and derive rigorous bounds on the greybody factors of linearly charged massive BTZ black hole. We also study the shadow or silhouette generated by charged massive BTZ bla…
We consider charged rotating BTZ black holes in noncommutative space by use of Chern-Simons theory formulation of $2+1$ dimensional gravity. The noncommutativity between the radial and the angular variables is introduced through the Seiberg-Witten map for gauge fields, and the deformed geometry to the first order in the noncommutative parameter is derived. It is found that the deformation also induces nontrivial torsion, and the Einstein-Cartan theory appears to be a suitable framework to investigate the equations of motion. Though the deformation is indeed nontrivial, the deformed and the ori…
Physical Features of Geometrically Deformed Anisotropic Charged Three-dimensional BTZ Black Holes
本文通过最小几何变形解耦方案，研究了三维带电BTZ黑洞的物理特性，探讨了变形参数和电荷对热力学量的影响，并分析了低维量子效应。
Motivated by the wide applications of thermal stability and phase transition, we investigate thermodynamic properties of charged BTZ black holes. We apply the standard method to calculate the heat capacity and the Hessian matrix and find that thermal stability of charged BTZ solutions depends on the choice of ensemble. To overcome this problem, we take into account cosmological constant as a thermodynamical variable. By this modification, we show that the ensemble dependency is eliminated and thermal stability conditions are the same in both ensembles. Then, we generalize our solutions to the …
In order to classify and understand the spacetime structure, investigation of the geodesic motion of massive and massless particles is a key tool. So the geodesic equation is a central equation of gravitating systems and the subject of geodesics in the black hole dictionary attracted much attention. In this paper, we give a full description of geodesic motions in three-dimensional spacetime. We investigate the geodesics near charged BTZ black holes and then generalize our prescriptions to the case of massive gravity. We show that electric charge is a critical parameter for categorizing the geo…
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。