In order to measure qualitative properties we introduce a notion of a type for arbitrary normed spaces which measures the worst possible growth of partial sums of sequences weakly converging to zero. The ideas can be traced back to Banach and Mazur who used this type to compare the so-called linear dimension of classical Banach spaces. As an application we compare the linear dimension and investigate isomorphy of some classical Banach spaces.
In this article, we study the notions of $n$-isometries in non-Archimedean $n$-normed spaces over linear ordered non-Archimedean fields, and prove the Mazur-Ulam theorem in the spaces. Furthermore, we obtain some properties for $n$-isometries in non-Archimedean $n$-normed spaces.
We establish variant Khintchine inequalities on normed spaces of Hanner type and cotype, in which the Rademacher distribution corresponding to classical Khintchine inequality is replaced by general symmetric distributions. The proof involves the $p$-barycenter and Birkhoff's ergodic theorem. More importantly, by employing these Khintchine inequalities, we get some lower bounds for Banach-Mazur distance between $l^p$-ball and a general centrally symmetric convex body.
The classical Mazur--Ulam theorem which states that every surjective isometry between real normed spaces is affine is not valid for non-Archimedean normed spaces. In this paper, we establish a Mazur--Ulam theorem in the non-Archimedean strictly convex normed spaces.
In this note we correct a paper by D. Kang ("On the Mazur-Ulam theorem in non-Archimedean fuzzy anti-2-normed spaces", Filomat, 2017). The research in that paper applies to what the author calls strictly convex spaces. Nevertheless, we prove that this notion is void: there is no single space that satisfies the definition.
We show that there are uncountably many geodesics between any two non-isometric $n$-dimensional normed spaces. We construct two explicit geodesics that can be used to describe all the points of the other geodesics.
In this paper we deal with those Banach spaces $Z$ which satisfy the Mazur--Ulam property, namely that every surjective isometry $Δ$ from the unit sphere of $Z$ to the unit sphere of any Banach space $Y$ admits an unique extension to a surjective real-linear isometry from $Z$ to $Y$. We prove that for every countable set $Γ$ with $\vert Γ\vert \geq 2$, the Banach space $\bigoplus_{γ\in Γ}^{c_0} X_γ$ satisfies the Mazur--Ulam property, whenever the Banach space $X_γ$ is strictly convex with dim$((X_γ)_{\mathbb{R}})\geq 2$ for every $γ$. Moreover we prove that the Banach space $C_0(K,X)$ satisfi…
We prove that if $X$ is a real Banach space, with $\dim X\geq 3$, which contains a subspace of codimension 1 which is 1-complemented in $X$ and whose group of isometries is almost transitive then $X$ is isometric to a Hilbert space. This partially answers the Banach-Mazur rotation problem and generalizes some recent related results.
Let $X$ and $E$ be $f$-algebras and $p:X \to E_+$ be a monotone vector norm. Then the triple $(X,p,E)$ is called a lattice-normed $f$-algebraic space. In this paper, we show a generalization of the extension of the Hahn-Banach theorem for operators on the lattice-normed $f$-algebras, in which the extension of one step of that is not similar to the other Hahn-Banach theorems. Also, we give some applications and results.
We study the dependence of the Banach-Mazur distance between two subspaces of vector-valued continuous functions on the scattered structure of their boundaries. In the spirit of a result of Gordon, we show that the constant $2$ appearing in the Amir-Cambern theorem may be replaced by $3$ for some class of subspaces. This we achieve by showing that the Banach-Mazur distance of two function spaces is at least 3, if the height of the set of weak peak points of one of the spaces is larger than the height of a closed boundary of the second space. Next we show that this estimate can be improved, if …
We prove a normalized version of the restricted invertibility principle obtained by Spielman-Srivastava. Applying this result, we get a new proof of the proportional Dvoretzky-Rogers factorization theorem recovering the best current estimate. As a consequence, we also recover the best known estimate for the Banach-Mazur distance to the cube: the distance of every n-dimensional normed space from \ell_{\infty}^n is at most (2n)^(5/6). Finally, using tools from the work of Batson-Spielman-Srivastava, we give a new proof for a theorem of Kashin-Tzafriri on the norm of restricted matrices.
We study $C$-rich spaces, lush spaces, and $C$-extremely regular spaces concerning with the Mazur-Ulam property. We show that a uniform algebra and the real part of a uniform algebra with the supremum norm are $C$-rich spaces, hence lush spaces. We prove that a uniformly closed subalgebra of the algebra of complex-valued continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space which vanish at infinity is $C$-extremely regular provided that it separates the points of the underlying space and has no common zeros. In section 3 we exhibit descriptions on the Choquet bounday, the \vSilov bounday, …
For a new class of topological vector spaces, namely $κ$-normed spaces, and associated quasisemilinear topological preordered space is defined and investigated. This structure arise naturally from the consideration of a $κ$-norm, that is a distance function between a point and a $G_δ$-subset. For it, analogs of the Hahn-Banach theorem are proved.
In this paper, we present the generalization of B-contraction and C-contraction due to Sehgal and Hicks respectively. We also study some properties of C-contraction in probabilistic metric space.
In this paper, we will see that the Cartesian product of two 2-Banach spaces is also 2-Banach space and discuss some properties of closed linear operator in linear 2-normed space. We also describe the concept of different types of continuity of b-linear functional and derive the Uniform Boundedness Principle and Hahn-Banach extension theorem for b-linear functionals in the case of linear 2-normed spaces. We also introduce the notion of weak*convergence for the sequence of bounded b-linear functionals relative to linear 2-normed space.
The concept of b-linear functional and its different types of continuity in linear n-normed space are presented and some of their properties are being established. We derive the Uniform Boundedness Principle and Hahn-Banach extension Theorem with the help of bounded b-linear functionals in the case of linear n-normed spaces and discuss some examples and applications. Finally, we present the concept of weak*convergence for the sequence of bounded b-linear functionals in linear n-normed space.
We show that every dominated linear operator from an Banach-Kantorovich space over atomless Dedekind complete vector lattice to a sequence Banach lattice $l_p(Γ)$ or $c_0(Γ)$ is narrow. As a conse- quence, we obtain that an atomless Banach lattice cannot have a finite dimensional decomposition of a certain kind. Finally we show that if a linear dominated operator T from lattice-normed space V to Banach- Kantorovich space W is order narrow then the same is its exact dominant $\ls T\rs$.
In this paper we introduce the notion of D-valued 2-norm on hy- perbolic or D-valued modules. Further, we define D-linear 2-functional on these modules and consider some of their properties. We also establish the Hahn- Banach type extension theorem for D-linear 2-functionals.
We prove that the spaces $\ell_p$, $1<p<\infty, p\ne 2$, and all infinite-dimensional subspaces of their quotient spaces do not admit equivalent almost transitive renormings. This is a step towards the solution of the Banach-Mazur rotation problem, which asks whether a separable Banach space with a transitive norm has to be isometric or isomorphic to a Hilbert space. We obtain this as a consequence of a new property of almost transitive spaces with a Schauder basis, namely we prove that in such spaces the unit vector basis of $\ell_2^2$ belongs to the two-dimensional asymptotic structure and w…
In this paper, we present a geometric form of the Hahn-Banach extension theorem for $L^{0}-$linear functions and prove that the geometric form is equivalent to the analytic form of the Hahn-Banach extension theorem. Further, we use the geometric form to give a new proof of a known basic strict separation theorem in random locally convex modules. Finally, using the basic strict separation theorem we establish the Goldstine-Weston theorem in random normed modules under the two kinds of topologies----the $(ε,λ)-$topology and the locally $L^{0}-$convex topology, and also provide a counterexample s…
A Banach space $X$ has the $Mazur$-$Ulam$ $property$ if any isometry from the unit sphere of $X$ onto the unit sphere of any other Banach space $Y$ extends to a linear isometry of the Banach spaces $X,Y$. A Banach space $X$ is called $smooth$ if the unit ball has a unique supporting functional at each point of the unit sphere. We prove that each non-smooth 2-dimensional Banach space has the Mazur-Ulam property.
The space Weak L^1 consists of all measurable functions on [0,1] such that q(f) = sup_{c>0} c λ{t : |f(t)| > c} is finite, where λdenotes Lebesgue measure. Let ρbe the gauge functional of the unit ball {f : q(f) \leq 1} of the quasi- norm q, and let N be the null space of ρ. The normed envelope of Weak L^1, which we denote by W, is the space (Weak L^1/N, ρ). The Banach envelope of Weak L^1, \overline{W}, is the completion of W. We show that \overline{W} is isometrically lattice isomorphic to a sublattice of W. It is also shown that all rearrangement invariant Banach function spaces are isometr…
We show that the Banach-Mazur distance between the parallelogram and the affine-regular hexagon is $\frac{3}{2}$ and we conclude that the diameter of the family of centrally-symmetric planar convex bodies is just $\frac{3}{2}$. A proof of this fact does not seem to be published earlier. Asplund announced this without a proof in his paper proving that the Banach-Mazur distance of any planar centrally-symmetric bodies is at most $\frac{3}{2}$. Analogously, we deal with the Banach-Mazur distances between the parallelogram and the remaining affine-regular even-gons.
We prove that every isometry between the unit spheres of 2-dimensional Banach spaces extends to a linear isometry of the Banach spaces. This resolves the famous Tingley's problem in the class of 2-dimensional Banach spaces.
We introduce a new class of Banach spaces, called generalized-lush spaces (GL-spaces for short), which contains almost-CL-spaces, separable lush spaces (specially, separable $C$-rich subspaces of $C(K)$), and even the two-dimensional space with hexagonal norm. We obtain that the space $C(K,E)$ of the vector-valued continuous functions is a GL-space whenever $E$ is, and show that the GL-space is stable under $c_0$-, $l_1$- and $l_\infty$-sums. As an application, we prove that the Mazur-Ulam property holds for a larger class of Banach spaces, called local-GL-spaces, including all lush spaces and…
In this paper we study the maximal ideals in a commutative ring of bicomplex numbers and then we describe the maximal ideals in a bicomplex algebra. We found that the kernel of a nonzero multiplicative BC-linear functional in a commutative bicomplex Banach algebra need not be a maximal ideal. Finally, we introduce the notion of bicomplex division algebra and generalize the Gelfand-Mazur theorem for the bicomplex division Banach algebra.
The aim of this article is to extend results of M.~Popov and second named author about orthogonally additive narrow operators on vector lattices. The main object of our investigations are an orthogonally additive narrow operators between lattice-normed spaces. We prove that every $C$-compact laterally-to-norm continuous orthogonally additive operator from a Banach-Kantorovich space $V$ to a Banach lattice $Y$ is narrow. We also show that every dominated Uryson operator from Banach-Kantorovich space over an atomless Dedekind complete vector lattice $E$ to a sequence Banach lattice $\ell_p(Γ)$ o…
Projection Constants and Banach-Mazur Distance in Codimension Two
Institute of Mathematics University of the National Education Commission（国立教育委员会大学数学研究所）；Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Jagiellonian University（雅盖隆大学数学与计算机科学系）
Let A be a commutative normed algebra, K a class of normed A-modules. A normed A-module Z is called extremely flat with respect to K, if, for every isometric morphism of normed A-modules, belonging to K, the non-completed projective A-module tensor product of this morphism and the identity morphism on Z, is also isometric. In the present paper we take, in the capacity of A, the algebra c_0 of vanishing sequences and consider the class of the so-called homogeneous modules, over the latter algebra, denoted by H. The main theorem gives a full description of essential homogeneous modules over the …
In this short note, we show by elementary computations that the notion of non-Archimedean fuzzy normed (and 2-normed) spaces is void. Namely, there are no strictly convex spaces at all --not even the zero-dimensional linear space. Before this, we also study the case of strictly convex non-Archimedean normed spaces; in this setting we see that the only nonzero linear space (defined over an arbitrary non-Archimedean field) that satisfies this property is the one-dimensional linear space over $\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}$. Consequently, the results that have been proven for this class of spaces, like …
We introduce a notion of p-orthogonality in a general Banach space $1 \le p \le \infty$. We use this concept to characterize $\ell_p$-spaces among Banach spaces and also among complete order smooth p-normed spaces. We further introduce a notion of $p$-orthogonal decomposition in order smooth p-normed spaces. We prove that if the $\infty$-orthogonal decomposition holds in an order smooth $\infty$-normed space, then the 1-orthogonal decomposition holds in the dual space. We also give an example to show that the above said decomposition may not be unique.
Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；NYUAD Research Institute（纽约大学阿布扎比分校研究院）；Division of Science, NYU Abu Dhabi（纽约大学阿布扎比分校理学院）；Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University（纽约大学柯朗数学科学研究所）
In this paper, we show that a Banach space $X$ has the Uniform Mazur Intersection Property (UMIP) if and only if every $f \in S(X^*)$ is uniformly w*-semidenting point of $B(X^*)$. We also prove analogous results for uniform w*-MIP.
The quotient shape types of normed vectorial spaces(over the same field) with respect to Banach spaces reduce to those of Banach spaces. The finite quotient shape type of normed spaces is an invariant of the (algebraic) dimension, but not conversely. The converse holds for separable normed spaces as well as for the bidual-like spaces (isomorphic to their second dual spaces). As a consequence, the Hilbert space $l_2$, or even its (countably dimensional, unitary) direct sum subspace may represent the unique quotient shape type of all $2^\aleph_0$-dimensional normed spaces. An application yields …
Let $X$ be a real separable normed space $X$ admitting a separating polynomial. We prove that each continuous function from a subset $A$ of $X$ to a real Banach space can be uniformly approximated by restrictions to $A$ of functions which are analytic on open subsets of $X$. Also we prove that each continuous function to a complex Banach space from a complex separable normed space admitting a separating $*$-polynomial can be uniformly approximated by $*$-analytic functions.
The Banach-Mazur problem, which asks if every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional separable quotient space, has remained unsolved for 85 years, but has been answered in the affirmative for special cases such as reflexive Banach spaces. It is also known that every infinite-dimensional non-normable Fréchet space has an infinite-dimensional separable quotient space, namely $\mathbb{R}^ω$. It is proved in this paper that every infinite-dimensional Fréchet space (including every infinite-dimensional Banach space), indeed every locally convex space which has a subspace whic…
We extend Pisier's abstract version of Grothendieck's theorem to general non-locally convex quasi-Banach spaces. We also prove a related result on factoring operators through a Banach space and apply our results to the study of vector-valued inequalities for Sidon sets. We also develop the local theory of (non-locally convex) spaces with duals of weak cotype 2.
Quasi *-algebras form an essential class of partial *-algebras, which are algebras of unbounded operators. In this work, we aim to construct tensor products of normed, respectively Banach quasi *-algebras, and study their capacity to preserve some important properties of their tensor factors, like for instance, *-semisimplicity and full representability.
The maximum of the Banach-Mazur distance $d_{BM}^M(X,\ell_\infty^n)$, where $X$ ranges over the set of all $n$-dimensional real Banach spaces, is difficult to compute. In fact, it is already not easy to get the maximum of $d_{BM}^M(\ell_p^n,\ell_\infty^n)$ for all $p\in [1,\infty]$. We prove that $d_{BM}^M(\ell_p^3,\ell_\infty^3)\leq 9/5,~\forall p\in[1,\infty]$. As an application, the following result related to Borsuk's partition problem in Banach spaces is obtained: any subset $A$ of $\ell_p^3$ having diameter $1$ is the union of $8$ subsets of $A$ whose diameters are at most $0.9$.
We characterize $M$-ideals in order smooth $\infty$-normed spaces by extending the notion of split faces of the state space to those of the quasi-state space. We also characterize approximate order unit spaces as those order smooth $\infty$-normed spaces $V$ that are $M$-ideals in $\tilde{V}.$ Here $\tilde{V}$ is the order unit space obtained by adjoining an order unit to $V.$ To prove these results, we develop an order theoretic version of the "Alfsen-Efffros' cone decomposition theorem" for order smooth $1$-normed spaces. (As a quick application of this result, we sharpen a result on the ext…
In this paper, we introduce the cone normed spaces and cone bounded linear mappings. Among other things, we prove the Baire category theorem and the Banach--Steinhaus theorem in cone normed spaces.
We modify the very well known theory of normed spaces $(E, \norm)$ within functional analysis by considering a sequence $(\norm_n : n\in\N)$ of norms, where $\norm_n$ is defined on the product space $E^n$ for each $n\in\N$. Our theory is analogous to, but distinct from, an existing theory of `operator spaces'; it is designed to relate to general spaces $L^p$ for $p\in [1,\infty]$, and in particular to $L^1$-spaces, rather than to $L^2$-spaces. After recalling in Chapter 1 some results in functional analysis, especially in Banach space, Hilbert space, Banach algebra, and Banach lattice theory t…
We give a detailed proof D. Handelman's theorem stating (in the context of an order unit normed space) that a monotone sigma-complete order unit normed space is a Banach space.
We say that a mapping $f: X \rightarrow Y$ between two real normed spaces is a phase-isometry if it satisfies the functional equation \begin{eqnarray*} \{\|f(x)+f(y)\|, \|f(x)-f(y)\|\}=\{\|x+y\|, \|x-y\|\} \quad (x,y\in X).\end{eqnarray*} A generalized Mazur-Ulam question is whether every surjective phase-isometry is a multiplication of a linear isometry and a map with range $\{-1, 1\}$. This assertion is also an extension of a fundamental statement in the mathematical description of quantum mechanics, Wigner's theorem to real normed spaces. In this paper, we show that for every space $Y$ the …
The aim of this article is to extend results of Maslyuchenko O., Mykhaylyuk V. Popov M. about narrow operators on vector lattices. We give a new definition of a narrow operator where a vector lattice as the domain space of a narrow operator is replaced with a lattice-normed space. We prove that every GAM-compact (bo)-norm continuous linear operator from a Banach-Kantorovich space V to a Banach lattice Y is narrow. Then we show that, under some mild conditions, a continuous dominated operator is narrow if and only if its exact dominant is narrow.
We give a sufficient condition for a Banach space with which the homogeneous extension of a surjective isometry from the unit sphere of it onto another one is real-linear. The condition is satisfied by a uniform algebra and a certain extremely $C$-regular space of real-valued continuous functions.
