We show that the intersection of three subgroups in a free group is related to the computation of the third homotopy group $π_3$. This generalizes a result of Gutierrez-Ratcliffe who relate the intersection of two subgroups with the computation of $π_2$. Let $K$ be a two-dimensional CW-complex with subcomplexes $K_1,K_2,K_3$ such that $K=K_1\cup K_2\cup K_3$ and $K_1\cap K_2\cap K_3$ is the 1-skeleton $K^1$ of $K$. We construct a natural homomorphism of $π_1(K)$-modules $$ π_3(K)\to \frac{R_1\cap R_2\cap R_3}{[R_1,R_2\cap R_3][R_2,R_3\cap R_1][R_3,R_1\cap R_2]}, $$ where $R_i=ker\{π_1(K^1)\to π_1(K_i)\}, i=1,2,3$ and the action of $π_1(K)=F/R_1R_2R_3$ on the right hand abelian group is defined via conjugation in $F$. In certain cases, the defined map is an isomorphism. Finally, we discuss certain applications of the above map to group homology.
Let $G$ be a group and $R,S,T$ its normal subgroups. There is a natural extension of the concept of commutator subgroup for the case of three subgroups $\|R,S,T\|$ as well as the natural extension of the symmetric product $\|\bf r,\bf s,\bf t\|$ for corresponding ideals $\bf r,\bf s, \bf t$ in the integral group ring $\mathbb Z[G]$. In this paper, it is shown that the generalized dimension subgroup $G\cap (1+\|\bf r,\bf s,\bf t\|)$ has exponent 2 modulo $\|R,S,T\|.$ The proof essentially uses homotopy theory. The considered generalized dimension quotient of exponent 2 is identified with a subg…
We study the homotopy properties of the posets of p-subgroups Sp(G) and Ap(G) of a finite group G, viewed as finite topological spaces. We answer a question raised by R.E. Stong in 1984 about the relationship between the contractibility of the finite space Ap(G) and that of Sp(G) negatively, and describe the contractibility of Ap(G) in terms of algebraic properties of the group G.
In this paper, we investigate some applications of commutator subgroups to homotopy groups and geometric groups. In particular, we show that the intersection subgroups of some canonical subgroups in certain link groups modulo their symmetric commutator subgroups are isomorphic to the (higher) homotopy groups. This gives a connection between links and homotopy groups. Similar results hold for braid and surface groups.
Let p be a prime number and G a finite group of order divisible by p. Quillen showed that the Brown poset of nonidentity p-subgroups of G is homotopy equivalent to its subposet of nonidentity elementary abelian subgroups. We show here that a similar statement holds for the fusion category of nonidentity p-subgroups of G. Other categories of p-subgroups of G are also considered.
In this paper, using the notions graphs, core graphs, immersions and covering maps of graphs, introduced by Stallings in 1983, we prove the Burnside condition for the intersection of subgroups of free groups with Burnside condition.
In this paper homotopical methods for the description of subgroups determined by ideals in group rings are introduced. It is shown that in certain cases the subgroups determined by symmetric product of ideals in group rings can be described with the help of homotopy groups of spheres.
Given a monoid defined by a presentation, and a homotopy base for the derivation graph associated to the presentation, and given an arbitrary subgroup of the monoid, we give a homotopy base (and presentation) for the subgroup. If the monoid has finite derivation type (FDT), and if under the action of the monoid on its subsets by right multiplication the strong orbit of the subgroup is finite, then we obtain a finite homotopy base for the subgroup, and hence the subgroup has FDT. As an application we prove that a regular monoid with finitely many left and right ideals has FDT if and only if all…
The classifying space BG of a topological group $G$ can be filtered by a sequence of subspaces $B(q,G)$, using the descending central series of free groups. If $G$ is finite, describing them as homotopy colimits is convenient when applying homotopy theoretic methods. In this paper we introduce natural subspaces $B(q,G)_p$ of $B(q,G)$ defined for a fixed prime $p$. We show that $B(q,G)$ is stably homotopy equivalent to a wedge of $B(q,G)_p$ as $p$ runs over the primes dividing the order of $G$. Colimits of abelian groups play an important role in understanding the homotopy type of these spaces.…
Assume that a finite almost simple group with simple socle isomorphic to an exceptional group of Lie type possesses a solvable Hall subgroup. Then there exist four conjugates of the subgroup such that their intersection is trivial.
Let $G$ be a group. The intersection graph of subgroups of $G$, denoted by $\mathscr{I}(G)$, is a graph with all the proper subgroups of $G$ as its vertices and two distinct vertices in $\mathscr{I}(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the corresponding subgroups having a non-trivial intersection in $G$. In this paper, we classify the finite groups whose intersection graph of subgroups are toroidal or projective-planar. In addition, we classify the finite groups whose intersection graph of subgroups are one of bipartite, complete bipartite, tree, star graph, unicyclic, acyclic, cycle, path or total…
We study the connectivity of the coset poset and the subgroup poset of a group, focusing in particular on simple connectivity. The coset poset was recently introduced by K. S. Brown in connection with the probabilistic zeta function of a group. We further Brown's study of the homotopy type of the coset poset, and in particular generalize his results on direct products and classify direct products with simply connected coset posets. The homotopy type of the subgroup poset L(G) has been examined previously by Kratzer, Thevenaz, and Shareshian. We generalize some results of Kratzer and Thevenaz, …
A Magnus subgroup of a one-relator group is the free subgroup freely generated by a proper subset of the generators. Two such subgroups can intersect in the obvious way or in a larger, exceptional way. The condition of non-exceptional intersection of Magnus subgroups of a one-relator group is applied to give criteria for the resulting cyclically presented groups to contain nonabelian free subgroups.
We prove an estimate for the rank of the intersection of free subgroups in virtually free groups, which is analogous to the Hanna Neumann inequality for subgroups in a free group and to the S.V. Ivanov estimate for subgroups in free products of groups. We also prove a more general estimate for the rank of the intersection of free subgroups in the fundamental group of a finite graph of groups with finite edge groups.
Let $H$ be an open subgroup of a profinite group that can be expressed as intersection of maximal subgroups of $G.$ Given a positive real number $η,$ we say that $H$ is an $η$-intersection if there exists a family of maximal subgroups $M_1,\ldots,M_t$ such that $H=M_1\cap\ldots\cap M_t$ and $|G:M_1|\cdots|G:M_t|\le |G:H|^η$. We investigate the meaning of this property and its influence on the group structure.
We investigate the influence of the intersection of the $\cal F$-maximal subgroups on the structure of a finite group. In particular, answering a question of L.A Shemetkov we give conditions under which a hereditary saturated formation $\cal F$ has a property that for any finite group $G$, the ${\cal F}$-hypercentre of $G$ coincides with the intersection of all $\cal F$-maximal subgroups of $G$.
We show that in the free group of rank 3, given an arbitrary number of automorphisms, the intersection of their fixed subgroups is equal to the fixed subgroup of some other single automorphism.
In this paper we show that if S is a simple classical group, a group G is contained in inner-diagonal automorphisms of S and contains S, and H is a solvable Hall subgroup of G, then there exists five conjugates of H, whose intersection is trivial.
A subgroup $H$ of a free group $F$ is called inert in $F$ if for every $G < F$ the rank of the intersection of $H$ with $G$ is no grater than the rank of $G$. In this paper we expand the known families of inert subgroups. We show that the inertia property holds for 1-generator endomorphisms. Equivalently, echelon subgroups in free groups are inert. An echelon subgroup is defined through a set of generators that are in echelon form with respect to some ordered basis of the free group, and may be seen as a generalization of a free factor. For example, the fixed subgroups of automorphisms of fini…
In the theory of one-relator groups, Magnus subgroups, which are free subgroups obtained by omitting a generator that occurs in the given relator, play an essential structural role. In a previous article, the author proved that if two distinct Magnus subgroups M and N of a one-relator group, with free bases S and T are given, then the intersection of M and N is either the free subgroup P generated by the intersection of S and T or the free product of P with an infinite cyclic group. The main result of this article is that if M and N are Magnus subgroups (not necessarily distinct) of a one-rela…
It is shown that for a solvable subgroup $G$ of an almost simple group $S$ which socle is isomorphic to $A_n$ $ (n\ge5)$ there are $x,y,z,t \in S$ such that $G \cap G^x \cap G^y \cap G^z \cap G^t =1.$
Let $G$ be a group. The intersection graph of cyclic subgroups of $G$, denoted by $\mathscr I_c(G)$, is a graph having all the proper cyclic subgroups of $G$ as its vertices and two distinct vertices in $\mathscr I_c(G)$ are adjacent if and only if their intersection is non-trivial. In this paper, we classify the finite groups whose intersection graph of cyclic subgroups is one of totally disconnected, complete, star, path, cycle. We show that for a given finite group $G$, $girth(\mathscr I_c (G)) \in \{3, \infty\}$. Moreover, we classify all finite non-cyclic abelian groups whose intersection…
We study graphs of (generalized) joins and intersections of finitely generated subgroups of a free group. We show how to disprove a lemma of Imrich and Müller on these graphs and how to repair this lemma.
We study the behavior of the co-spectral radius of a subgroup $H$ of a discrete group $Γ$ under taking intersections. Our main result is that the co-spectral radius of an invariant random subgroup does not drop upon intersecting with a deterministic co-amenable subgroup. As an application, we find that the intersection of independent co-amenable invariant random subgroups is co-amenable.
We prove that the reduced Kurosh rank of the intersection of two subgroups $H$ and $K$ of a free product of right-orderable groups is bounded above by the product of the reduced Kurosh ranks of $H$ and $K$. In particular, taking the fundamental group of a graph of groups with trivial vertex and edge groups, and its Bass-Serre tree, our Theorem becomes the desired inequality of the usual Strengthened Hanna Neumann conjecture for free groups.
Given an Artin group $A_Γ$, a common strategy in the study of $A_Γ$ is the reduction to parabolic subgroups whose defining graphs have small diameter, i.e. showing that $A_Γ$ has a specific property if and only if all "small" parabolic subgroups of $A_Γ$ have this property. Since "small" parabolic subgroups are the puzzle pieces of $A_Γ$ one needs to study their behavior, in particular their intersections. The conjecture we address here says that the class of parabolic subgroups of $A_Γ$ is closed under intersection. Under the assumption that intersections of parabolic subgroups in complete Ar…
Let G be a finite group and p a prime dividing its order. We define new collections of p-subgroups of G. We study the homotopy relations among them and with the standard collections of p-subgroups. We determine their ampleness and sharpness properties.
Let $G$ be a group. The intersection graph $Γ(G)$ of $G$ is an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges defined as follows: the vertex set is the set of all proper non-trivial subgroups of $G$, and there is an edge between two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ if and only if $H\cap K \neq 1$ where $1$ denotes the trivial subgroup of $G$. In this paper we studied the dominating sets in intersection graphs of finite groups. It turns out a subset of the vertex set is a dominating set if and only if the union of the corresponding subgroups contains the union of all minimal subgroups. We class…
We show that a finite collection of stable subgroups of a finitely generated group has finite height, finite width and bounded packing. We then use knowledge about intersections of conjugates to characterize finite families of quasimorphisms on hyperbolically embedded subgroups that can be to simultaneously extended to the ambient group.
In this article we study group lattices using the ideas by K.S.Brown and D.Quillen of associating a certain topological space to a partially ordered set. We determine the exact homotopy type for the subgroup lattice of PSL(2,7), find a connection between different group lattices and obtain some estimates for the Betty numbers of these lattices using the spectral sequence method.
Being a maximal compact subgroup of SL_nC, SU_n is a deformation retract of the former group. In this note we prove that, for sufficiently large n, there is no retraction of SL_nC to SU_n which preserves commutativity.
In this paper we study the relationships between the elementary abelian regular subgroups and the Sylow $2$-subgroups of their normalisers in the symmetric group $\mathrm{Sym}(\mathbb{F}_2^n)$, in view of the interest that they have recently raised for their applications in symmetric cryptography.
We consider the following problem stated by Vdovin (2010) in the "Kourovka notebook" (Problem 17.41): Let $H$ be a solvable subgroup of a finite group $G$ that has no nontrivial solvable normal subgroups. Do there always exist five conjugates of $H$ whose intersection is trivial? This problem is closely related to a conjecture by Babai, Goodman and Pyber (1997) about an upper bound for the index of a normal solvable subgroup in a finite group. In particular, a positive answer to Vdovin's problem yields that if $G$ has a solvable subgroup of index $n$, then it has a solvable normal subgroup of …
Let $G$ be a group acting on a tree $T$ with finite edge stabilizers of bounded order. We provide, in some very interesting cases, upper bounds for the complexity of the intersection $H\cap K$ of two tame subgroups $H$ and $K$ of $G$ in terms of the complexities of $H$ and $K$. In particular, we obtain bounds for the Kurosh rank $Kr(H\cap K)$ of the intersection in terms of Kurosh ranks $Kr(H)$ and $Kr(K)$, in the case where $H$ and $K$ act freely on the edges of $T$.
This note contains a (short) proof of the following generalisation of the Friedman--Mineyev theorem (earlier known as the Hanna Neumann conjecture): if $A$ and $B$ are nontrivial free subgroups of a virtually free group containing a free subgroup of index $n$, then $rank(A\cap B)-1\leqslant n\cdot(rank(A)-1)\cdot(rank(B)-1)$. In addition, we obtain a virtually-free-product analogue of this result.
Let $\cal F$ be a class of groups. A chief factor $H/K$ of a group $G$ is called \emph{${\cal F}$-central in $G$} provided $(H/K)\rtimes (G/C_{G}(H/K)) \in {\cal F}$. We write $Z_{π{\cal F}}(G)$ to denote the product of all normal subgroups of $G$ whose $G$-chief factors of order divisible by at least one prime in $π$ are $\cal F$-central. We call $Z_{π{\cal F}}(G)$ the $π{\cal F}$-hypercentre of $G$. A subgroup $U$ of a group $G$ is called \emph{$\cal F$-maximal} in $G$ provided that (a) $U\in {\cal F}$, and (b) if $U\leq V\leq G$ and $V\in {\cal F}$, then $U=V$. In this paper we study the pr…
We extend the classical Stallings theory (describing subgroups of free groups as automata) to direct products of free and abelian groups: after introducing enriched automata (i.e., automata with extra abelian labels), we obtain an explicit bijection between subgroups and a certain type of such enriched automata, which - as it happens in the free group - is computable in the finitely generated case. This approach provides a neat geometric description of (even non finitely generated) intersections of finitely generated subgroups within this non-Howson family. In particular, we give a geometric s…
Classifying endotrivial kG-modules, i.e., elements of the Picard group of the stable module category for an arbitrary finite group G, has been a long-running quest. By deep work of Dade, Alperin, Carlson, Thevenaz, and others, it has been reduced to understanding the subgroup consisting of modular representations that split as the trivial module k direct sum a projective module when restricted to a Sylow p-subgroup. In this paper we identify this subgroup as the first cohomology group of the orbit category on non-trivial p-subgroups with values in the units k^x, viewed as a constant coefficien…
Geometric methods proposed by Stallings for treating finitely generated subgroups of free groups were successfully used to solve a wide collection of decision problems for free groups and their subgroups. In the present paper we employ the generalized Stallings' methods, developed by the author, to solve various algorithmic problems concerning finitely generated subgroups of amalgams of finite groups.
In the paper we consider the following conjecture: if a finite group $G$ possesses a solvable $π$-Hall subgroup $H$, then there exist elements $x,y,z,t\in G$ such that the identity $H\cap H^x\cap H^y\cap H^z\cap H^t=O_π(G)$ holds. The minimal counter example is shown to be an almost simple group of Lie type.
For suitable subgroups of a finitely generated group, we define the intersection number of one subgroup with another subgroup and show that this number is symmetric. We also give an interpretation of this number.
Abstract. We address the conjecture which states that an intersection of parabolic subgroups of an Artin-Tits group is a parabolic subgroup. We prove that the conjecture is equivalent to a, a priori, weaker conjecture. We also prove the conjecture in a specific case. Along the way, we provide short and almost self-contain algebraical proofs of several classical results on Artin-Tits groups, such as those of Van der Lek on intersection of standard parabolic subgroups.
Let G be a group. The intersection graph G(G) of G is an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges defined as follows: the vertex set is the set of all proper nontrivial subgroups of G; and there is an edge between two distinct vertices X and Y if and only if X \ Y 6= 1 where 1 denotes the trivial subgroup of G: It was conjectured in [2] that two (non cyclic) finite abelian groups with isomorphic intersection graphs are isomorphic. In this paper we study this conjecture and show that it is almost true. For any inite abelian group D let Dnc be the product of all noncyclic Sylow subgroup…
Normalisers of parabolic subgroups of Artin--Tits groups and Tits cone intersections
Departamento de Álgebra e Instituto de Matemáticas de la Universidad de Sevilla（塞维利亚大学代数系与数学研究所）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney（悉尼大学数学与统计学院）；CNRS-ANU International Research Laboratory FAMSI and Mathematical Sciences Institute, The Australian National University（法国国家科学研究中心-澳大利亚国立大学FAMSI国际研究实验室与澳大利亚国立大学数学科学研究所）
We show that the number of conjugacy classes of intersections $A\cap B^g$, for fixed finitely generated subgroups $A, B<F$ of a free group, is bounded above in terms of the ranks of $A$ and $B$; this confirms an intuition of Walter Neumann. This result was previously known only in the case where $A$ or $B$ is cyclic by the $w$-cycles theorem of Helfer and Wise and, independently, Louder and Wilton. In order to prove our main theorem, we introduce new results regarding the structure of fibre products of finite graphs. We work with a generalised definition of graph immersions so that our results…
