A representation of a specialization of a q-deformed class one lattice gl(\ell+1}-Whittaker function in terms of cohomology groups of line bundles on the space QM_d(P^{\ell}) of quasi-maps P^1 to P^{\ell} of degree d is proposed. For \ell=1, this provides an interpretation of non-specialized q-deformed gl(2)-Whittaker function in terms of QM_d(\IP^1). In particular the (q-version of) Mellin-Barnes representation of gl(2)-Whittaker function is realized as a semi-infinite period map. The explicit form of the period map manifests an important role of q-version of Gamma-function as a substitute of topological genus in semi-infinite geometry. A relation with Givental-Lee universal solution (J-function) of q-deformed gl(2)-Toda chain is also discussed.
We propose new explicit form of q-deformed Whittaker functions solving q-deformed gl(l+1)-Toda chains. In the limit q->1 constructed solutions reduce to classical class one gl(l+1)-Whittaker functions in the form proposed by Givental. An important property of the proposed expression for the q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker function is that it can be represented as a character of C*x GL(l+1). This provides a q-version of the Shintani-Casselman-Shalika formula for p-adic Whittaker function. The Shintani-Casselman-Shalika formula is recovered in the limit q->0 when the q-deformed Whittaker function i…
We identify q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker functions with a specialization of Macdonald polynomials. This provides a representation of q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker functions in terms of Demazure characters of affine Lie algebra \hat{gl(l+1)}. We also define a system of dual Hamiltonians for q-deformed gl(l+1)-Toda chains and give a new integral representation for q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker functions. Finally an expression of q-deformed gl(l+1)-Whittaker function as a matrix element of a quantum torus algebra is derived.
We provide a derivation of the Givental integral representation of the classical $gl_{\ell+1}$-Whittaker function as a limit $q \to 1$ of the q-deformed $gl_{\ell+1}$-Whittaker function represented as a sum over the Gelfand-Zetlin patterns.
We give a proof of the recursive formula on the norm of Whittaker vector of the deformed Virasoro algebra, which is an analog of the one for the Virasoro Lie algebra proposed by Al. Zamolodchikov. Our formula gives a proof of the pure SU(2) 5d AGT relation proposed by Awata and Yamada. We also give a summary of the structures of the deformed Virasoro algebra and the fundamental properties of the Verma module.
Spin $q$-Whittaker symmetric polynomials labeled by partitions $λ$ were recently introduced by Borodin and Wheeler (arXiv:1701.06292) in the context of integrable $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ vertex models. They are a one-parameter deformation of the $t=0$ Macdonald polynomials. We present a new, more convenient modification of spin $q$-Whittaker polynomials and find two Macdonald type $q$-difference operators acting diagonally in these polynomials with eigenvalues, respectively, $q^{-λ_1}$ and $q^{λ_N}$ (where $λ$ is the polynomial's label). We study probability measures on interlacing arrays based on s…
Discrete series Whittaker functions on $Spin(2n, 2)$ are studied. The dimensions of the space of both algebraic and continuous Whittaker models are explicitly determined. They are described by a sum of dimensions of irreducible representations of $Spin(2n-3, 2)$. Also obtained are the Mellin-Barnes type integral formulas of the Whittaker functions associated with minimal $K$-type vectors.
We give a characterization of a generalized Whittaker model of a degenerate principal series representation of $GL(n,\R)$ as the kernel of some differential operators. By this characterization, we investigate some examples on $GL(4,\R)$. We obtain the dimensions of the generalized Whittaker models and give their basis in terms of hypergeometric functions of one and two variables. We show the multiplicity one of the generalized Whittaker models by using the theory of hypergeometric functions.
We study Whittaker functions on nonlinear coverings of simple algebraic groups over a non-archimedean local field. We produce a recipe for expressing such a Whittaker function as a weighted sum over a crystal graph, and show that in type A, these expressions agree with known formulae for the prime power supported coefficients of Multiple Dirichlet Series.
In this paper we establish a connection between the associated variety of a representation and the existence of certain degenerate Whittaker functionals, for both smooth and K-finite vectors, for all quasi-split real reductive groups, thereby generalizing results of Kostant, Matumoto and others.
Intertwiners between representations of Lie groups can be used to obtain relations for matrix elements. We apply this technique to obtain different identities for the wave functions of the open Toda chain, in particular raising operators and bilinear relations for the wave functions at different energy levels. We also recall the group theory approach to the Toda chain: treating the wave functions as matrix elements in irreducible representations between the so-called Whittaker vectors, integral representations of the wave functions, etc.
For a real reductive linear Lie group G, the space of Whittaker functions is the representation space induced from a non-degenerate unitary character of the Iwasawa nilpotent subgroup. Defined are the standard Whittaker (g,K)-modules, which are K-admissible submodules of the space of Whittaker functions. We first determine the structures of them when the infinitesimal characters characterizing them are generic. As an example of the integral case, we determine the composition series of the standard Whittaker (g,K)-module when G is the group U(n,1) and the infinitesimal character is regular inte…
We define the Fourier transform of compactly supported Whittaker functions on a reductive p-adic group and we characterize the image of this transformation.
We propose integral representations of the Whittaker functions for the classical Lie algebras sp(2l), so(2l) and so(2l+1). These integral representations generalize the integral representation of gl(l+1)-Whittaker functions first introduced by Givental. One of the salient features of the Givental representation is its recursive structure with respect to the rank of the Lie algebra gl(l+1). The proposed generalization of the Givental representation to the classical Lie algebras retains this property. It was shown elsewhere that the integral recursion operator for gl(l+1)-Whittaker function in t…
We prove the Plancherel formula for Whittaker functions on a reductive p-adic group. This a sequel to our work on Paley-Wiener theorem. Our proof is close to the proof written by Waldspurger of the Harish-Chandra Plancherel formula for smooth functions on the group and use many of his results. One simplification is the easy proof of the Fourier transfom, which follows from a result of Joseph Bernstein.
Let $G$ be a reductive group over a non archimedean local field, and $ψ$ a non-degenerate character of the unipotent radical $U_0$ of a minimal parabolic subgroup $P_0=M_0U_0$. For $P=MU\supseteq P_0$, we show that the descent to the Jacquet module $J_P(\mathcal{W}(G,ψ))$ of Delorme's constant term map from the space $\mathcal{W}(G,ψ)$ of generalized Whittaker functions on $G$ to $\mathcal{W}(M,ψ_{|U_0\cap M})$ is the dual map of the inverse of the isomorphism of Bushnell and Henniart from $J_{P^-}(\mathcal{W}_c(G,ψ^{-1}))$ to $\mathcal{W}_c(M,ψ_{|U_0\cap M}^{-1})$ (in particular the constant …
The $b$-Whittaker functions are eigenfunctions of the modular $q$-deformed $\mathfrak{gl}_n$ open Toda system introduced by Kharchev, Lebedev, and Semenov-Tian-Shansky. Using the quantum inverse scattering method, the named authors obtained a Mellin-Barnes integral representation for these eigenfunctions. In the present paper, we develop the analytic theory of the $b$-Whittaker functions from the perspective of quantum cluster algebras. We obtain a formula for the modular open Toda system's Baxter operator as a sequence of quantum cluster transformations, and thereby derive a new modular $b$-a…
Let F be a p-adic field, and Gn one of the groups GL(n, F), GSO(2n-1, F), GSp(2n, F), or GSO(2(n - 1), F). Using the mirabolic subgroup or analogues of it, and related "derivative" functors, we give an asymptotic expansion of functions in the Whittaker model of generic representations of Gn, with respect to a minimal set of characters of subgroups of the maximal torus. Denoting by Zn the center of Gn, and by Nn the unipotent radical of its standard Borel subgroup, we characterize generic representations occurring in L2(ZnNn\Gn) in terms of these characters. This is related to a conjecture of L…
Whittaker functions of $GL(n, \mathbb R)$ , are most known for its role in the Fourier-Whittaker expansion of cusp forms. Their behavior in the Siegel set, in large, is well-understood. In this paper, we insert into the literature some potentially useful properties of Whittaker function over the group $GL(n, \mathbb R)$ and the mirobolic group $P_n$. We proved the square integrabilty of the Whittaker functions with respect to certain measures, extending a theorem of Jacquet and Shalika . For principal series representations, we gave various asymptotic bounds of smooth Whittaker functions over …
We define unramified Whittaker functions on the p-adic points of an affine Kac-Moody group, and establish an analogue of the Casselman-Shalika formula for these functions.
In this note, we give a formula for the Whittaker-Shintani functions for the p-adic symplectic groups, which is a generalization of the Zonal spherical functions and Whittaker functions. We then use the formula to give an alternative proof of a conjecture given by T.Shintani on the unramified calculation of L-function for $Sp_{2n}\times GL_{1}$.
In this paper we study irreducible unitary representations of GL(n,R) and prove a number of results. Our first result establishes a precise connection between the annihilator of a representation and the existence of degenerate Whittaker functionals, for both smooth and K-finite vectors, thereby generalizing results of Kostant, Matumoto and others. Our second result relates the annihilator to the sequence of highest derivatives, as defined in this setting by one of the authors. Based on those results, we suggest a new notion of rank of a smooth admissible representation of GL(n,R), which for un…
We give explicit formulas for Whittaker functions for the class one principal series representations of the orthogonal groups $ SO_{2n+1}(\R) $ of odd degree. Our formulas are similar to the recursive formulas for Whittaker functions on $SL_n(\R)$ given by Stade and the author \cite{ISt}. Some parts of our results are announced in \cite{I3}.
Let $G$ be a reductive group over a local field $F$ of characteristic zero, Archimedean or not. Let $X$ be a $G$-space. In this paper we study the existence of generalized Whittaker quotients for the space of Schwartz functions on $X$, considered as a representation of $G$. We show that the set of nilpotent elements of the dual space to the Lie algebra such that the corresponding generalized Whittaker quotient does not vanish contains the nilpotent part of the image of the moment map, and lies in the closure of this image. This generalizes recent results of Prasad and Sakellaridis. Applying ou…
We obtain an explicit integral representation of Siegel-Whittaker functions on Sp(2,R) for the large discrete series representations. We have another integral expression different from that of Miyazaki [7].
Let $R$ be an algebraically closed field and $\ell$ be its characteristic. Let $G$ be a locally profinite group having a compact open subgroup of invertible pro-order in $R$. Take $N$ a closed subgroup of $G$ exhausted by compact subgroups of invertible pro-orders in $R$ and fix a smooth character $θ$ of $N$. For $π$ an irreducible smooth $R$-representation of $G$ whose matrix coefficients are compactly supported modulo the center (we call it $Z$-compact), we show that the dimensions $\mathrm{Hom}_{N}(π,θ)$ and $\mathrm{Hom}_{N}(π^\vee,θ^{-1})$ are equal provided one of the two is finite. We d…
This paper establishes a combinatorial link between different approaches to constructing Whittaker functions on a metaplectic group over a non-archimedean local field. We prove a metaplectic analogue of Tokuyama's Theorem and give a crystal description of polynomials related to Iwahori-Whittaker functions. The proof relies on formulas of metaplectic Demazure and Demazure-Lusztig operators, proved previously in joint work with Gautam Chinta and Paul E. Gunnells.
We relate Iwahori-Whittaker functions on metaplectic covers to certain Demazure-Lusztig operators, the latter of which are built from a Weyl group action previously considered by G. Chinta and P. Gunnells. Using a certain combinatorial identity for the sum of these Demazure-Lusztig operators, we obtain an analogue of the Casselman-Shalika formula for spherical Whittaker functions in this context.
For a Brylinski-Deligne covering group of a general linear group, we calculate some values of unramified Whittaker functions for certain representations that are analogous to the theta representations.
In this note we give explicit computations of certain types of Curtis homomorphisms and interpret them in terms of Gelfand-Tsetlin diagrams. Namely, this interpretation follows from Gelfand-Tsetlin formulas for the $GL(n,\mathbb{F}_q)$-Whittaker functions associated with principal series representations via exploiting the method in arXiv:0705.2886 for $GL(n,\mathbb{$})$-Whittaker functions. The explicit computations of Whittaker functions are based on computing the Gauss-Bruhat decomposition for certain elements in $GL(n,\mathbb{F}_q)$.
In a previous paper the first two named authors defined an action of a Weyl group on rational functions and used it to construct multiple Dirichlet series. These series are related to Whittaker functions on an n-fold metaplectic cover of a reductive group. In this paper, we define metaplectic analogues of the Demazure and Demazure-Lusztig operators. We show how these operators, together with results of McNamara, can be used to compute Whittaker functions on metaplectic groups over p-adic fields.
Let F be a non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero. Jacquet, Piatetski-Shapiro and Shalika introduced the notion of newforms for irreducible generic representations of GL_n(F). In this paper, we give an explicit formula for Whittaker functions associated to newforms on the diagonal matrices in GL_n(F).
We show that certain products of Whittaker functions and Schwartz functions on a general linear group extend to Whittaker functions on a larger general linear group. This generalizes results of Cogdell--Piatetski-Shapiro \cite{CPS} and Jacquet--Piatetski-Shapiro--Shalika \cite{JPSS83}. As a consequence, we prove that the Rankin--Selberg $L$-factor of the product of a discrete series representation and the Zelevinsky dual of a discrete series representation is given by a single Rankin--Selberg integral.
Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field, and $G_n$ one of the groups $GL(n,F)$, $GSO(2n-1,F)$, $GSp(2n,F)$, or $GSO(2(n-1),F)$. Using the mirabolic subgroup or analogues of it, and related "derivative" functors, we give an asymptotic expansion of functions in the Whittaker model of generic representations of $G_n$, with respect to a minimal set of characters of subgroups of the maximal torus. Denoting by $Z_n$ the center of $G_n$, and by $N_n$ the unipotent radical of its standard Borel subgroup, we characterize generic representations occurring in $L^2(Z_nN_n\backslash G_n)$ in terms of these characters.…
We introduce generalized global Weyl modules and relate their graded characters to nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials and nonsymmetric $q$-Whittaker functions. In particular, we show that the series part of the nonsymmetric $q$-Whittaker function is a generating function for the graded characters of generalized global Weyl modules.
We derive a Givental-type stationary phase integral representation for the specified $\Gr_{m,N}$-Whittaker function introduced in \cite{GLO2}, which presumably describes the $S^1\times U_N$-equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of Grassmann variety $\Gr_{m,N}$. Our main tool is a generalization of Whittaker model for principal series $\CU(\frak{gl}_N)$-modules. In particular, our construction includes a representation theory interpretation of the Batyrev--Ciocan-Fontanine--Kim--van Straten toric degeneration of Grassmannian, providing a direct connection between this toric degeneration of $\Gr_…
In this paper, we consider how to express an Iwahori--Whittaker function through Demazure characters. Under some interesting combinatorial conditions, we obtain an explicit formula and thereby a generalization of the Casselman--Shalika formula. Under the same conditions, we compute the transition matrix between two natural bases for the space of Iwahori fixed vectors of an induced representation of a p-adic group; this generalizes a result of Bump--Nakasuji.
We prove that the radial part of the class one Whittaker function on a split semisimple Lie group can be obtained as an appropriate limit of the Heckman-Opdam hypergeometric function.
Starting from some linear algebraic data (a Weyl-group invariant bilinear form) and some arithmetic data (a bilinear Steinberg symbol), we construct a cover of a Kac-Moody group generalizing the work of Matsumoto. Specializing our construction over non-archimedean local fields, for each positive integer n we obtain the notion of $n$-fold metaplectic covers of Kac-Moody groups. In this setting, we prove a Casselman-Shalika type formula for Whittaker functions.
We give a combinatorial evaluation of Iwahori Whittaker functions for unramified genuine principal series representations on metaplectic covers of the general linear group over a non-archimedean local field. To describe the combinatorics, we introduce new combinatorial data that we call colored data: colored Lusztig data, colored Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns, and colored lattice models. We show that all three are equivalent. To achieve the result, we give an explicit Iwahori decomposition for the maximal unipotent subgroup of a split reductive group which gives the parametrization of the generaliz…
We use techniques from statistical mechanics to provide new formulas for Whittaker coefficients of metaplectic Eisenstein series on odd orthogonal groups, matching Friedberg and Zhang. We study a particular variation/generalization of the six-vertex model of Cartan type C having "domain-wall boundary conditions" dependent on a given integer partition $λ$ of length at most $r$, where $r$ is a fixed positive integer. More precisely, we examine a planar, non-nested, U-turn model whose partition functions $Z_λ$ are a generalization of a deformation of characters of the symplectic group $\operatorn…
We present an explicit difference equation for the Heckman-Opdam hypergeometric function associated with root systems. Via a confluent hypergeometric limit, an analogous difference equation is obtained for the class-one Whittaker function diagonalizing the open quantum Toda chain.
We derive a Mellin-Barnes integral representation for solution to generalized (parabolic) quantum Toda lattice introduced in \cite{GLO}, which presumably describes the $(S^1\times U_N)$-equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of Grassmann variety.
We introduce the (global) q-Whittaker function as the limit at t=0 of the q,t-spherical function extending the symmetric Macdonald polynomials to arbitrary eigenvalues. The construction heavily depends on the technique of the q-Gaussians developed by the author (and Stokman in the non-reduced case). In this approach, the q-Whittaker function is given by a series convergent everywhere, a kind of generating function for multi-dimensional q-Hermite polynomials (closely related to the level 1 Demazure characters). One of the applications is a q-version of the Shintani- Casselman- Shalika formula, …
Starting with nonsymmetric global difference spherical functions, we define and calculate spinor (nonsymmetric) global q-Whittaker functions for arbitrary reduced root systems, which are reproducing kernels of the DAHA-Fourier transforms of Nil-DAHA and solutions of the q-Toda-Dunkl eigenvalue problem. We introduce the spinor q-Toda-Dunkl operators as limits of the difference Dunkl operators in DAHA theory under the spinor variant of the Ruijsenaars procedure. Their general algebraic theory (any reduced root systems) is the key part of this paper, based on the new technique of W-spinors and co…
In this paper we construct weighted path models to compute Whittaker vectors in the completion of Verma modules, as well as Whittaker functions of fundamental type, for all finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras, affine Lie algebras, and the quantum algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_{r+1})$. This leads to series expressions for the Whittaker functions. We show how this construction leads directly to the quantum Toda equations satisfied by these functions, and to the $q$-difference equations in the quantum case. We investigate the critical limit of affine Whittaker functions computed in this way.
In this work we study the relationship between several combinatorial formulas for type $A$ spherical Whittaker functions. These are spherical functions on $p$-adic groups, which arise in the theory of automorphic forms. They depend on a parameter $t$, and are a specialization of Macdonald polynomials, and further specialize to Schur polynomials upon setting $t=0$. There are three types of formulas for these polynomials. The first formula is in terms of so-called alcove walks, works in arbitrary Lie type, and is derived from the Ram-Yip formula for Macdonald polynomials. The second one is in te…
We study the dimension of the space of Whittaker functionals for depth zero representations of covering groups. In particular, we determine such dimensions for arbitrary Brylinski-Deligne coverings of the general linear group. The results in the paper are motivated by and compatible with the work of Howard and the second author, and earlier work by Blondel.
This mostly expository article explores recent developments in the relations between the three objects in the title from an algebro-combinatorial perspective. We prove a formula for Whittaker functions of a real semisimple group as an integral over a geometric crystal in the sense of Berenstein-Kazhdan. We explain the connections of this formula to the program of mirror symmetry of flag varieties developed by Givental and Rietsch; in particular, the integral formula proves the equivariant version of Rietsch's mirror symmetry conjecture. We also explain the idea that Whittaker functions should …
