The main object of the paper is to study the distance between Banach spaces introduced by Kadets. For Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, the Kadets distance is defined to be the infimum of the Hausdorff distance $d(B_X,B_Y)$ between the respective closed unit balls over all isometric linear embeddings of $X$ and $Y$ into a common Banach space $Z.$ This is compared with the Gromov-Hausdorff distance which is defined to be the infimum of $d(B_X,B_Y)$ over all isometric embeddings into a common metric space $Z$. We prove continuity type results for the Kadets distance including a result that shows that this notion of distance has applications to the theory of complex interpolation.
We show that there are uncountably many geodesics between any two non-isometric $n$-dimensional normed spaces. We construct two explicit geodesics that can be used to describe all the points of the other geodesics.
We establish variant Khintchine inequalities on normed spaces of Hanner type and cotype, in which the Rademacher distribution corresponding to classical Khintchine inequality is replaced by general symmetric distributions. The proof involves the $p$-barycenter and Birkhoff's ergodic theorem. More importantly, by employing these Khintchine inequalities, we get some lower bounds for Banach-Mazur distance between $l^p$-ball and a general centrally symmetric convex body.
A Banach space X has the average distance property (ADP) if there exists a unique real number r such that for each positive integer n and all x_1,...,x_n in the unit sphere of X there is some x in the unit sphere of X such that 1/n \sum_{k=1}^n ||x_k-x|| = r. We show that l_p does not have the average distance property if p>2. This completes the study of the ADP for l_p spaces.
We prove a normalized version of the restricted invertibility principle obtained by Spielman-Srivastava. Applying this result, we get a new proof of the proportional Dvoretzky-Rogers factorization theorem recovering the best current estimate. As a consequence, we also recover the best known estimate for the Banach-Mazur distance to the cube: the distance of every n-dimensional normed space from \ell_{\infty}^n is at most (2n)^(5/6). Finally, using tools from the work of Batson-Spielman-Srivastava, we give a new proof for a theorem of Kashin-Tzafriri on the norm of restricted matrices.
We study the dependence of the Banach-Mazur distance between two subspaces of vector-valued continuous functions on the scattered structure of their boundaries. In the spirit of a result of Gordon, we show that the constant $2$ appearing in the Amir-Cambern theorem may be replaced by $3$ for some class of subspaces. This we achieve by showing that the Banach-Mazur distance of two function spaces is at least 3, if the height of the set of weak peak points of one of the spaces is larger than the height of a closed boundary of the second space. Next we show that this estimate can be improved, if …
We show that the Banach-Mazur distance between the parallelogram and the affine-regular hexagon is $\frac{3}{2}$ and we conclude that the diameter of the family of centrally-symmetric planar convex bodies is just $\frac{3}{2}$. A proof of this fact does not seem to be published earlier. Asplund announced this without a proof in his paper proving that the Banach-Mazur distance of any planar centrally-symmetric bodies is at most $\frac{3}{2}$. Analogously, we deal with the Banach-Mazur distances between the parallelogram and the remaining affine-regular even-gons.
Projection Constants and Banach-Mazur Distance in Codimension Two
Institute of Mathematics University of the National Education Commission（国立教育委员会大学数学研究所）；Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Jagiellonian University（雅盖隆大学数学与计算机科学系）
The maximum of the Banach-Mazur distance $d_{BM}^M(X,\ell_\infty^n)$, where $X$ ranges over the set of all $n$-dimensional real Banach spaces, is difficult to compute. In fact, it is already not easy to get the maximum of $d_{BM}^M(\ell_p^n,\ell_\infty^n)$ for all $p\in [1,\infty]$. We prove that $d_{BM}^M(\ell_p^3,\ell_\infty^3)\leq 9/5,~\forall p\in[1,\infty]$. As an application, the following result related to Borsuk's partition problem in Banach spaces is obtained: any subset $A$ of $\ell_p^3$ having diameter $1$ is the union of $8$ subsets of $A$ whose diameters are at most $0.9$.
We show that all the standard distances from metric geometry and functional analysis, such as Gromov-Hausdorff distance, Banach-Mazur distance, Kadets distance, Lipschitz distance, Net distance, and Hausdorff-Lipschitz distance have all the same complexity and are reducible to each other in a precisely defined way. This is done in terms of descriptive set theory and is a part of a larger research program initiated by the authors in \emph{Complexity of distances: Theory of generalized analytic equivalence relations}. The paper is however targeted also to specialists in metric geometry and geome…
The notion of retro Banach frame with the help of b-linear functional in n-Banach spaces is being presented. Some properties related to the construction of new retro Banach frame in n-Banach space have been studied. In n-Banach spaces, some perturbation results of retro Banach frame have been discussed. Finally, we give a condition in which finite sum of retro Banach frames is a retro Banach frame in n-Banach space.
For a new class of topological vector spaces, namely $κ$-normed spaces, and associated quasisemilinear topological preordered space is defined and investigated. This structure arise naturally from the consideration of a $κ$-norm, that is a distance function between a point and a $G_δ$-subset. For it, analogs of the Hahn-Banach theorem are proved.
In this paper we first take a detail survey of the study of the Banach-Saks property of Banach spaces and then show the Banach-Saks property of the product spaces generated by a finite number of Banach spaces having the Banach-Saks property. A more general inequality for integrals of a class of composite functions is also given by using this property.
We present a new proof of Zippin's Embedding Theorem, that every separable reflexive Banach space embeds into one with shrinking and boundedly complete basis, and every Banach space with a separable dual embeds into one with a shrinking basis. This new proof leads to improved versions of other embedding results.
This paper contains two improvements on a theorem of S. N. Bernstein for Banach spaces. We show that if $X$ is an arbitrary infinite-dimensional Banach space, $\{Y_n\}$ is a sequence of strictly nested subspaces of $ X$ and if $\{d_n\}$ is a non-increasing sequence of non-negative numbers tending to 0, then for any $c\in(0,1]$ we can find $x_{c} \in X$, such that the distance $ρ(x_{c}, Y_n)$ from $x_{c}$ to $Y_n$ satisfies $$ c d_n \leq ρ(x_{c},Y_n) \leq 4c d_n,~\mbox{for all $n\in\mathbb N$}. $$ We prove the above inequality by first improving Borodin (2006)'s result for Banach spaces by weak…
We shall present a new characterization of greedy bases and 1-greedy bases in terms of certain functionals defined using distances to one dimensional subspaces generated by the basis. We also introduce a new property that unifies the notions of unconditionality and democracy and allows us to recover a better dependence on the constants.
The free Banach lattice over a Banach space is introduced and analyzed. This generalizes the concept of free Banach lattice over a set of generators, and allows us to study the Nakano property and the density character of non-degenerate intervals on these spaces, answering some recent questions of B. de Pagter and A.W. Wickstead. Moreover, an example of a Banach lattice which is weakly compactly generated as a lattice but not as a Banach space is exhibited, thus answering a question of J. Diestel.
Our aim in this paper is to present a new type of the modular space. This space contains the classical modular space. There are some mappings that do not have contractive condition in the usual modular space but become contraction in this new space.
EP Banach space operators and EP Banach algebra elements are characterized using different kinds of factorizations. The results obtained generalize well-known characterizations of EP matrices, EP Hilbert space operators and EP $C^*$-algebra elements. Furthermore, new results that hold in these contexts are presented.
We study best approximations in Banach spaces via Birkhoff-James orthogonality of functionals. To exhibit the usefulness of Birkhoff-James orthogonality techniques in the study of best approximation problems, some algorithms and distance formulae are presented. As an application of our study, we obtain some crucial inequalities, which also strengthen the classical Hölder's inequality. The relevance of the algorithms and the inequalities are discussed through concrete examples.
Several characterizations of EP and normal Moore-Penrose invertible Banach algebra elements will be considered. The Banach space operator case will be also studied. The results of the present article will extend well known facts obtained in the frames of matrices and Hilbert space operators.
We refine Amitsur's theory of radicals in complete lattices and apply the obtained results to the theory of radicals in the lattices of subspaces of Banach spaces and in the lattices of ideals of Banach and C*-algebras and of Banach Lie algebras.
The main concern of this note is the Moore-Penrose inverse in the context of Banach spaces and algebras. Especially attention will be given to a particular class of elements with the aforementioned inverse, namely EP Banach space operators and Banach algebra elements, which will be studied and characterized extending well-known results obtained in the frame of Hilbert space operators and $C^*$-algebra elements.
For a Banach space $X$ we shall denote the set of all closed subspaces of $X$ by $G(X)$. In some kinds of problems it turned out to be useful to endow $G(X)$ with a topology. The main purpose of the present paper is to survey results on two the most common topologies on $G(X)$.
Let $X$ be a Banach space. We prove that, for a large class of Banach or quasi-Banach spaces $E$ of $X$-valued sequences, the sets $E-\bigcup _{q\inΓ}\ell_{q}(X)$, where $Γ$ is any subset of $(0,\infty]$, and $E-c_{0}(X)$ contain closed infinite-dimensional subspaces of $E$ (if non-empty, of course). This result is applied in several particular cases and it is also shown that the same technique can be used to improve a result on the existence of spaces formed by norm-attaining linear operators.
Weighted EP Banach space operators and Banach algebra elements are characterized using different kinds of factorizations. The results presented extend well-known characterizations of (weighted) EP matrices, (weighted) EP Hilbert space operators and (weighted) EP $C^*$-algebra elements.
Concepts of g-fusion frame and gf-Riesz basis in a Hilbert to a Banach space is being presented. Some properties of g-fusion frame and gf-Riesz basis in Banach space have been developed. We discuss perturbation results of g-fusion frame in a Banach space. Finally, we construct g-p-fusion frames in Cartesian product of Banach spaces and tensor product of Banach spaces.
It is shown that every Banach space either contains $\ell ^1$ or it has an infinite dimensional closed subspace which is a quotient of a H.I. Banach space.Further on, $L^p(λ)$, $1<p<\infty $, is a quotient of a H.I Banach space.
Given a Banach Algebra $A$ and $a\in A$, several relations among the Drazin spectrum of $a$ and the Drazin spectra of the multiplication operators $L_a$ and $R_a$ will be stated. The Banach space operator case will be also examined. Furthermore, a characterization of the Drazin spectrum will be considered.
We study $k-$smoothness of bounded linear operators defined between arbitrary Banach spaces. As an application, we characterize $k-$smooth operators defined from $\ell_1^n$ to an arbitrary Banach space. We also completely characterize $k-$smooth operators defined between arbitrary two-dimensional Banach spaces.
We collect several open questions in Banach spaces, mostly related to measure theoretic aspects of the theory. The problems are divided into five categories: miscellaneous problems in Banach spaces (non-separable $L^p$ spaces, compactness in Banach spaces, $w^*$-null sequences in dual spaces), measurability in Banach spaces (Baire and Borel $σ$-algebras, measurable selectors), vector integration (Riemann, Pettis and McShane integrals), vector measures (range and associated $L^1$ spaces) and Lebesgue-Bochner spaces (topological and structural properties, scalar convergence).
The notion of linear Hahn-Banach extension operator was first studied in detail by Heinrich and Mankiewicz (1982). Previously, J. Lindenstrauss (1966) studied similar versions of this notion in the context of non separable reflexive Banach spaces. Subsequently, Sims and Yost (1989) proved the existence of linear Hahn-Banach extension operators via interspersing subspaces in a purely Banach space theoretic set up. In this paper, we study similar questions in the context of Banach modules and module homomorphisms, in particular, Banach algebras of operators on Banach spaces. Based on Dales, Kani…
We prove that if X is a separable infinite dimensional Banach space then its isomorphism class has infinite diameter with respect to the Banach-Mazur distance. One step in the proof is to show that if X is elastic then X contains an isomorph of c_0. We call X elastic if for some K < infinity for every Banach space Y which embeds into X, the space Y is K-isomorphic to a subspace of X. We also prove that if X is a separable Banach space such that for some K < infinity every isomorph of X is K-elastic then X is finite dimensional.
Using a strengthening of the concept of $\K$ set, introduced in this paper, we study a certain subclass of the class of $\K$ Banach spaces; the so called strongly $\K$ Banach spaces. This class of spaces includes subspaces of strongly weakly compactly generated (SWCG) as well as Polish Banach spaces and it is related to strongly weakly $\mathcal{K}$--analytic (SWKA) Banach spaces as the known classes of $\K$ and weakly $\mathcal{K}$--analytic (WKA) Banach spaces are related.
Suppose that $X$ is a Banach space. We will show that $X$ does not contain a copy of $c_0$ if and only if for each series which is not unconditionally convergent in $X$ respective sets coding all bounded subseries and rearrangements are meager. We use Bessaga-Pełczy{ń}ski $c_0-$Theorem and concept of uniformly unconditionally bounded series. Moreover we prove similar result for the ideal boundedness for a class of Baire ideals using Talagrand's characterisation.
We show that the classes of separable reflexive Banach spaces and of spaces with separable dual are strongly bounded. This gives a new proof of a recent result of E. Odell and Th. Schlumprecht, asserting that there exists a separable reflexive Banach space containing isomorphic copies of every separable uniformly convex Banach spaces.
We characterize those classes $\mathcal{C}$ of separable Banach spaces for which there exists a separable Banach space $Y$ not containing $\ell_1$ and such that every space in the class $\mathcal{C}$ is a quotient of $Y$.
We study almost square Banach spaces under a topological point of view. Indeed, we prove that the class of Banach spaces which admits an equivalent norm to be ASQ is that of those Banach spaces which contain an isomorphic copy of $c_0$. We also prove that the symmetric projective tensor products of an almost square Banach space have the strong diameter two property
We prove that the dual or any quotient of a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property has the unconditional tree property. Then we prove that a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis. This solves several long standing open problems. In particular, it yields that a quotient of a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional finite dimensional decomposition embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis.
We are interested in the question when a Banach space $X$ with an unconditional basis is isomorphic (as a Banach space) to an order-continuous nonatomic Banach lattice. We show that this is the case if and only if $X$ is isomorphic as a Banach space with $X(\ell_2)$. This and results of J. Bourgain are used to show that spaces $H_1(\bold T^n)$ are not isomorphic to nonatomic Banach lattices. We also show that tent spaces introduced in \cite{4} are isomorphic to Rad $H_1$.
We prove that, for each Banach space $X$ which is isomorphic to its hyperplanes, the Lipschitz-free spaces over $X$ and over its sphere are isomorphic.
Paley-Wiener theorem for frames for Hilbert spaces, Banach frames, Schauder frames and atomic decompositions for Banach spaces are known. In this paper, we derive Paley-Wiener theorem for p-approximate Schauder frames for separable Banach spaces. We show that our results give Paley-Wiener theorem for frames for Hilbert spaces.
Recent developments in Banach space theory provided unexpected examples of unital Banach algebras that are isomorphic to Calkin algebras of Banach spaces, however no example of a unital Banach algebra that cannot be realised as a~Calkin algebra has been found so far. This naturally led to the question of possible limitations of such assignments. In the present note we provide examples of unital Banach algebras meeting the necessary density condition for being the Calkin algebra of a separable Banach space that are not isomorphic to Calkin algebras of such spaces, nonetheless. The examples may …
For every Banach space $Z$ with a shrinking unconditional basis satisfying upper $p$-estimates for some $p > 1$, an isomorphically polyhedral Banach space is constructed having an unconditional basis and admitting a quotient isomorphic to $Z$.
In general Banach spaces, the metric projection map lacks the powerful properties it enjoys in Hilbert spaces. There are a few generalized projections that have been proposed in order to resolve many of the deficiencies of the metric projection. However, such notions are predominantly studied in Banach spaces with rich topological structures, such as uniformly convex Banach spaces. In this paper, we investigate two notions of generalized projection in general Banach spaces. Various examples are provided to demonstrate the proposed notions and the loss of structure in the generalized projection…
We prove that if $ C $ is a family of separable Banach spaces which is analytic with respect to the Effros-Borel structure and none member of $ C $ is isometrically universal for all separable Banach spaces, then there exists a separable Banach space with a monotone Schauder basis which is isometrically universal for $ C $ but still not for all separable Banach spaces. We also establish an analogous result for the class of strictly convex spaces.
