In this article we study the topological structure of the lifts to the universal of the stable and unstable foliations of $3$-dimensional Anosov flows. In particular we consider the case when these foliations do not have Hausdorff leaf space. We completely determine the structure of the set of non separated leaves from a given leaf in one of these foliations. As a consequence of this suspensions are characterized, up to topological conjugacy, as the only $3$-dimensional Anosov flows without freely homotopic closed orbits. Furthermore the structure of branching is related to the topology of the manifold: if there are infinitely many leaves not separated from each other, then there is an incompressible torus transverse to the flow. Transitivity is not assumed for these results. Finally, if the manifold has negatively curved fundamental group we derive some important properties of the limit sets of leaves in the universal cover.
We give complete classification of C^2-regular and non-degenerate projectively Anosov flows on three dimensional manifolds. More precisely, we prove that such a flow on a connected manifold must be either an Anosov flow or represented as a finite union of $T^2 \times [0,1]$-models.
We give the complete classification of regular projectively Anosov flows on closed three-dimensional manifolds. More precisely, we show that such a flow must be either an Anosov flow or decomposed into a finite union of $T^2 \times I$-models. We also apply our method to rigidity problems of some group actions.
We first prove rigidity results for pseudo-Anosov flows in prototypes of toroidal 3-manifolds: we show that a pseudo-Anosov flow in a Seifert fibered manifold is up to finite covers topologically equivalent to a geodesic flow and we show that a pseudo-Anosov flow in a solv manifold is topologically equivalent to a suspension Anosov flow. Then we study the interaction of a general pseudo-Anosov flow with possible Seifert fibered pieces in the torus decomposition: if the fiber is associated with a periodic orbit of the flow, we show that there is a standard and very simple form for the flow in t…
The path closure of figure eight knot complement space, $N_0$, supports a natural DA (derived from Anosov) expanding attractor. Using this attractor, Franks-Williams constructed the first example of non-transitive Anosov flow on the manifold $M_0$ obtained by gluing two copies of $N_0$ through identity map along their boundaries, named by Franks-Williams manifold. In this paper, our main goal is to classify expanding attractors on $N_0$ and non-transitive Anosov flows on $M_0$. We prove that, up to orbit-equivalence, the DA expanding attractor is the unique expanding attractor supported by $N_…
Florida State University（佛罗里达州立大学）；CNRS, Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu - Paris Rive Gauche（法国国家科学研究中心，儒勒·让数学家研究所-巴黎左岸）；Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República（乌拉圭共和国大学理学院）
The main result of this paper is a universal finiteness theorem for the set of all small dilatation pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms, ranging over all surfaces. More precisely, we consider pseudo-Anosovs F:S to S with |chi(S)| log(lambda(F)) bounded above by some constant, and we prove that, after puncturing the surfaces at the singular points of the stable foliations, the resulting set of mapping tori is finite. Said differently, there is a finite set of fibered hyperbolic 3-manifolds so that all small dilatation pseudo-Anosovs occur as the monodromy of a Dehn filling on one of the 3-manifolds in…
The purpose of this paper is to classify Anosov flows on the 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries on the figure-eight knot. This set of 3-manifolds is denoted by M(r) (r is a ratioanl number), which contains the first class of hyperbolic 3-manifolds admitting Anosov flows in history, discovered by Goodman. Combining with the classification of Anosov flows on the sol-manifold M(0) due to Plante, we have: 1. if r is an integer, up to topological equivalence, M(r) exactly carries a unique Anosov flow, which is constructed by Goodman by doing a Dehn-Fried-Goodman surgery on a suspension Anosov f…
For each natural number n, we construct an example of a graph manifold supporting at least n different Anosov flows that are not orbit equivalent. Our construction is reminiscent of the Thurston-Handel construction: we cut a geodesic flow on a surface of constant negative curvature into two pieces, modify the flow in each piece by pulling back to finite covers, and glue together compatible pairs of pullback flows along their boundary tori to get many distinct flows on the resulting graph manifold.
In this article we analyze totally periodic pseudo-Anosov flows in graph three manifolds. This means that in each Seifert fibered piece of the torus decomposition, the free homotopy class of regular fibers has a finite power which is also a finite power of the free homotopy class of a closed orbit of the flow. We show that each such flow is topologically equivalent to one of the model pseudo-Anosov flows which we constructed in a previous article. A model pseudo-Anosov flow is obtained by glueing standard neighborhoods of Birkhoff annuli and perhaps doing Dehn surgery on certain orbits. We als…
We provide obstructions to the existence of conformally Anosov Reeb flows on a 3-manifold that partially generalize similar obstructions to Anosov Reeb flows. In particular, we show $\mathbb{S}^3$ does not admit conformally Anosov Reeb flows. We also give a Riemannian geometric condition on a metric compatible with a contact structure implying that a Reeb field is Anosov. From this we can give curvature conditions on a metric compatible with a contact structure that implies universal tightness of the contact structure among other things.
We consider a hyperbolic surface bundle over the circle with the smallest known volume among hyperbolic manifolds having 3 cusps, so called "the magic manifold". We compute the entropy function on the fiber face of the unit ball with respect to the Thurston norm, determine homology classes whose representatives are genus 0 fiber surfaces, and describe their monodromies by braids. Among such homology classes whose representatives have n punctures, we decide which one realizes the minimal entropy. It turns out that all the braids with smallest known entropy are derived from monodromies for such …
We construct Anosov diffeomorphisms on manifolds that are homeomorphic to infranilmanifolds yet have exotic smooth structures. These manifolds are obtained from standard infranilmanifolds by connected summing with certain exotic spheres. Our construction produces Anosov diffeomorphisms of high codimension on infranilmanifolds with irreducible exotic smooth structures.
Let $δ_{g,n}$ be the minimal dilatation of pseudo-Anosovs defined on an orientable surface of genus $g$ with $n$ punctures. Tsai proved that for any fixed $g \ge 2$, the logarithm of the minimal dilatation $\log δ_{g,n}$ is on the order of $\frac{\log n}{n}$. The main result of this paper is that if $2g+1$ is relatively prime to $s$ or $s+1$ for each $0 \le s \le g$, then $$\limsup_{n \to \infty} \frac{n \log δ_{g,n}}{\log n} \le 2.$$
We give a topological stability result for the action of the fundamental group of a compact manifold of negative curvature on its boundary at infinity: any nearby action of this group by homeomorphisms of the sphere is semi-conjugate to the standard boundary action. Using similar techniques we prove a global rigidity result for the "slithering actions" of 3-manifold groups that come from skew-Anosov flows. As applications, we construct hyperbolic 3-manifolds that admit arbitrarily many topologically inequivalent Anosov flows, answering a question from Kirby's problem list, and also give a more…
A long-standing conjecture asserts that any Anosov diffeomorphism of a closed manifold is finitely covered by a diffeomorphism which is topologically conjugate to a hyperbolic automorphism of a nilpotent manifold. In this paper, we show that any closed 4-manifold that carries a Thurston geometry and is not finitely covered by a product of two aspherical surfaces does not support (transitive) Anosov diffeomorphisms.
In this article, we study the knots realized by periodic orbits of R-covered Anosov flows in compact 3-manifolds. We show that if two orbits are freely homotopic then in fact they are isotopic. We show that lifts of periodic orbits to the universal cover are unknotted. When the manifold is atoroidal, we deduce some finer properties regarding the existence of embedded cylinders connecting two given homotopic orbits.
This paper concerns the set $\hat{\mathcal{M}}$ of pseudo-Anosovs which occur as monodromies of fibrations on manifolds obtained from the magic 3-manifold $N$ by Dehn filling three cusps with a mild restriction. We prove that for each $g$ (resp. $g \not\equiv 0 \pmod{6}$), the minimum among dilatations of elements (resp. elements with orientable invariant foliations) of $\hat{\mathcal{M}}$ defined on a closed surface $\varSigma_g$ of genus $g$ is achieved by the monodromy of some $\varSigma_g$-bundle over the circle obtained from $N(\tfrac{3}{-2})$ or $N(\tfrac{1}{-2})$ by Dehn filling two cus…
In this article we obtain a simple topological and dynamical systems condition which is necessary and sufficient for an arbitrary pseudo-Anosov flow in a closed, hyperbolic three manifold to be quasigeodesic. Quasigeodesic means that orbits are efficient in measuring length up to a bounded multiplicative distortion when lifted to the universal cover. We prove that such flows are quasigeodesic if and only if there is an upper bound, depending only on the flow, to the number of orbits which are freely homotopic to an arbitrary closed orbit of the flow. The main ingredient is a proof that under t…
We show that various classes of products of manifolds do not support transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms. Exploiting the Ruelle-Sullivan cohomology class, we prove that the product of a negatively curved manifold with a rational homology sphere does not support transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms. We extend this result to products of finitely many negatively curved manifolds of dimensions at least three with a rational homology sphere that has vanishing simplicial volume. As an application of this study, we obtain new examples of manifolds that do not support transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms, inc…
We study the magic manifold $N$ which is a hyperbolic and fibered $3$-manifold. We give an explicit construction of a fiber $F_a$ and its monodromy $:F_a \rightarrow F_a$ of the fibration associated to each fibered class $a$ of $N$. Let $δ_g$ (resp. $δ_g^+$) be the minimal dilatation of pseudo-Anosovs (resp. pseudo-Anosovs with orientable invariant foliations) defined on an orientable closed surface of genus $g$. As a consequence of our result, we obtain the first explicit construction of the following pseudo-Anosovs; a minimizer of $δ_7^+$ and conjectural minimizers of $δ_g$ for large $g$.
We study uniformization problems for compact manifolds that arise as quotients of domains in complex flag varieties by images of Anosov homomorphisms. We focus on Anosov homomorphisms with "small" limit sets, as measured by the Riemannian Hausdorff codimension in the flag variety. Under such a codimension hypothesis, we show that all first-order deformations of complex structure on the associated compact complex manifolds are realized by deformations of the Anosov homomorphism. With some mild additional hypotheses we show that the character variety maps locally homeomorphically to the (general…
We show that a self orbit equivalence of a transitive Anosov flow on a $3$-manifold which is homotopic to identity has to either preserve every orbit or the Anosov flow is $\mathbb{R}$-covered and the orbit equivalence has to be of a specific type. This result shows that one can remove a relatively unnatural assumption in a result of Farrell and Gogolev about the topological rigidity of bundles supporting a fiberwise Anosov flow when the fiber is $3$-dimensional.
We study aspherical manifolds that do not support Anosov diffeomorphisms. Weakening conditions of Gogolev and Lafont, we show that the product of an infranilmanifold with finitely many aspherical manifolds whose fundamental groups have trivial center and finite outer automorphism group does not support Anosov diffeomorphisms. In the course of our study, we obtain a result of independent group theoretic and topological interest on the stability of the Hopf property, namely, that the product of finitely many Hopfian groups with trivial center is Hopfian.
In this paper, we show that any topologically transitive Anosov flow on a closed three-dimensional manifold with the orientable weak stable and unstable foliations turns into an R-covered one by a Goodman-Fried surgery along periodic points. When a Birkhoff section of the Anosov flow is given, we can choose the periodic points from the boundary of the Birkhoff section.
We produce infinitely many examples of Anosov flows in closed 3-manifolds where the set of periodic orbits is partitioned into two infinite subsets. In one subset every closed orbit is freely homotopic to infinitely other closed orbits of the flow. In the other subset every closed orbit is freely homotopic to only one other closed orbit. The examples are obtained by Dehn surgery on geodesic flows. The manifolds are toroidal and have Seifert fibered pieces and atoroidal pieces in their torus decompositions.
Given a general pseudo-Anosov flow in a three manifold, the orbit space of the lifted flow to the universal cover is homeomorphic to an open disk. We compactify this orbit space with an ideal circle boundary. If there are no perfect fits between stable and unstable leaves and the flow is not topologically conjugate to a suspension Anosov flow, we then show: The ideal circle of the orbit space has a natural quotient space which is a sphere and is a dynamical systems ideal boundary for a compactification of the universal cover of the manifold. The main result is that the fundamental group acts o…
Let F be a foliation in a closed 3-manifold with negatively curved fundamental group and suppose that F is almost transverse to a quasigeodesic pseudo-Anosov flow. We show that the leaves of the foliation in the universal cover extend continuously to the sphere at infinity, hence the limit sets are continuous images of the circle. One important corollary is that if F is a Reebless finite depth foliation in a hyperbolic manifold, then it has the continuous extension property. Such finite depth foliations exist whenever the second Betti number is non zero. The result also applies to other classe…
There are two objects naturally associated with a braid $β\in B_n$ of pseudo-Anosov type: a (relative) pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism $φ_β\colon S^2\to S^2$; and the finite volume complete hyperbolic structure on the 3-manifold $M_β$ obtained by excising the braid closure of $β$, together with its braid axis, from $S^3$. We show the disconnect between these objects, by exhibiting a family of braids $\{β_q:q\in{\mathbb{Q}}\cap(0,1/3]\}$ with the properties that: on the one hand, there is a fixed homeomorphism $φ_0\colon S^2\to S^2$ to which the (suitably normalized) homeomorphisms $φ_{β_{q}}$ conv…
We prove a classification theorem for transitive Anosov and pseudo-Anosov flows on closed 3-manifolds, up to orbit equivalence. In many cases, flows on a 3-manifold $M$ are completely determined by the set of free homotopy classes of their (unoriented) periodic orbits. The exceptional cases are flows with a special structure in their orbit space called a ``tree of scalloped regions"; in these cases the set of free homotopy classes of unoriented periodic orbits together with the additional data of a choice of sign for each $π_1(M)$-orbit of tree gives a complete invariant of orbit equivalence c…
Hyperbolicity of complements of orbits in Anosov flows
Florida State University（佛罗里达州立大学）；Monash University（蒙纳士大学）；The Technion IIT（以色列理工学院）；Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República（乌拉圭共和国大学工程学院）
Let $Γ$ be a surface group of higher genus. Let $ρ\_0: Γ\to {PGL}(V)$ be a discrete faithful representation with image contained in the natural embedding of ${SL}(2, {\mathbb R})$ in ${PGL}(3, {\mathbb R})$ as a group preserving a point and a disjoint projective line in the projective plane. We prove that such a representation is $(G,Y)$-Anosov (following the terminology of \cite{labourieanosov}), where $Y$ is the frame bundle. More generally, we prove that all the deformations $ρ: Γ\to {PGL}(3, {\mathbb R})$ studied in \cite{barflag} are $(G,Y)$-Anosov. As a corollary, we obtain all the main …
We propose a generalization of the concept of discretized Anosov flows that covers a wide class of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms in 3-manifolds, and that we call collapsed Anosov flows. They are related with Anosov flows via a self orbit equivalence of the flow. We show that all the examples constructed in a paper by Bonatti, Gogolev, Hammerlindl and the third author belong to this class, and that it is an open and closed class among partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. We provide some equivalent definitions which may be more amenable to analysis and are useful in different situations.…
Let X be a hyperbolic surface and H the fundamental group of a hyperbolic 3-manifold that fibers over the circle with fiber X. Using the Birman exact sequence, H embeds in the mapping class group Mod(Y) of the surface Y obtained by removing a point from X. We prove that a subgroup G in H is convex cocompact in Mod(Y) if and only if G is finitely generated and purely pseudo-Anosov. We also prove a generalization of this theorem with H replaced by an arbitrary Gromov hyperbolic extension of the fundamental group of X, and an additional hypothesis of quasi-convexity of G in H. Along the way, we o…
We establish a criterion for certain mapping classes of a surface homeomorphisms to be pseudo-Anosov in terms of the geometry of hyperbolic 3-manifolds and Gromov-hyperbolic surface group extensions. Specifically, any element of the fundamental group of a surface S gives rise to a mapping class on the punctured surface, and we show that such a class is pseudo-Anosov if its geodesic representative is "wide" in some hyperbolic 3-manifold homeomorphic to the trivial interval bundle over S.
We consider the action of Anosov subgroups of a semi-simple Lie group on the associated flag manifolds. A systematic approach to construct cocompact domains of discontinuity for this action was given by Kapovich, Leeb and Porti in arXiv:1306.3837. For $Δ$-Anosov representations, we prove that every cocompact domain of discontinuity arises from this construction, up to a few exceptions in low rank. Then we compute which flag manifolds admit these domains and, in some cases, the number of domains. We also find a new compactification for locally symmetric spaces arising from maximal representatio…
We show that a pseudo-Anosov map on a boundary component of an irreducible 3-manifold has a power that partially extends to the interior if and only if its (un)stable lamination is a projective limit of meridians. The proof is through 3-dimensional hyperbolic geometry, and involves an investigation of algebraic limits of convex cocompact compression bodies.
This paper investigates certain foliations of three-manifolds that are hybrids of fibrations over the circle with foliated circle bundles over surfaces: a 3-manifold slithers around the circle when its universal cover fibers over the circle so that deck transformations are bundle automorphisms. Examples include hyperbolic 3-manifolds of every possible homological type. We show that all such foliations admit transverse pseudo-Anosov flows, and that in the universal cover of the hyperbolic cases, the leaves limit to sphere-filling Peano curves. The skew R-covered Anosov foliations of Sergio Fenl…
