We introduce bilinear forms in a flag in a complete intersection local $\mathbb R$-algebra of dimension 0, related to the Eisenbud-Levine, Khimshiashvili bilinear form. We give a variational interpretation of these forms in terms of Jantzen's filtration and bilinear forms. We use the signatures of these forms to compute in the real case the constant relating the GSV-index with the signature function of vector fields tangent to an even dimensional hypersurface singularity, one being topologically defined and the other computable by finite dimensional commutative algebra methods.
Hilbert's 15th problem called for a rigorous foundation of Schubert's calculus, in which a long standing and challenging part is Schubert's problem of characteristics. In the course of securing the foundation of algebraic geometry, Van der Waerden and André Weil attributed the problem to the determination of the intersection theory of flag manifolds. This article surveys the background, content, and resolution of the problem of characteristics. Our main results are a unified formula for the characteristics, and a system description for the intersection rings of flag manifolds. We illustrate th…
Intersection rings of flag varieties and of isotropic flag varieties are generated by Chern classes of the tautological bundles modulo the relations coming from multiplicativity of total Chern classes. In this paper we describe the Groebner bases of the ideals of relations and give applications to computation of intersections, as implemented in Macaulay2.
We study the space of all triples of projective lines in $\mathbb{RP}^n$ such that any line in a triple intersects the two others at distinct points. We show that for $n=2$ and $3$ these spaces are homotopically equivalent to the real complete flag variety $Flag(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $n=3$ and $4,$ respectively, and we explicitly calculate the integral homology of the corresponding spaces. We prove that for arbitrary $n$, this space is homotopy equivalent to $Flag(1,2,3,\mathbb{R}^{n+1}),$ the variety of all partial flags of signature $(0,1,2,3,n+1)$ in an $(n+1)$-dimensional vector space over $\…
We compute the Euler characteristics of the individual connected components of the intersection of two opposed big cells in the real flag variety of type $G_2$, verifying a conjecture of Rietsch.
I will present an explicit formula for the intersection indices of the Chern classes of an arbitrary reductive group with hypersurfaces. This formula has the following applications. First, it allows to compute explicitly the Euler characteristic of complete intersections in reductive groups. Second, for any regular compactification of a reductive group, it computes the intersection indices of the Chern classes of the compactification with hypersurfaces. The formula is similar to the Brion--Kazarnovskii formula for the intersection indices of hypersurfaces in reductive groups. The proof uses an…
In this paper we reduce the problem of counting the number of connected components in the intersection of two opposite open Schubert cells in the variety of real complete flags to a purely combinatorial question of counting the number of orbits of a certain intriguing group action in the space of upper triangular matrices with {0,1}-valued entries. The crucial step of our reduction uses the parametrization of the space of real unipotent totally positive upper triangular matrices introduced by Lusztig and Berenstein, Fomin, Zelevinski.
We present a combinatorial procedure (based on the W-graph of the Coxeter group) which shows that the characters of many intersection cohomology complexes on low rank complex flag varieties with coefficients in an arbitrary field are given by Kazhdan-Lusztig basis elements. Our procedure exploits the existence and uniqueness of parity sheaves. In particular we are able to show that the characters of all intersection cohomology complexes with coefficients in a field on the flag variety of type A_n for n < 7 are given by Kazhdan-Lusztig basis elements. By results of Soergel, this implies a part …
We describe a method of computing equivariant and ordinary intersection cohomology of certain varieties with actions of algebraic tori, in terms of structure of the zero- and one-dimensional orbits. The class of varieties to which our formula applies includes Schubert varieties in flag varieties and affine flag varieties. We also prove a monotonicity result on local intersection cohomology stalks.
This paper describes a paving by affines for regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties in all Lie types, namely a kind of cell decomposition that can be used to compute homology despite its weak closure conditions. Precup recently proved a stronger result; we include ours because we use different methods. We then use this paving to prove that the homology of the Peterson variety injects into the homology of the full flag variety. The proof uses intersection theory and expands the class of the Peterson variety in the homology of the flag variety in terms of the basis of Schubert classes. We explic…
Inspired by Manin's approach towards a geometric interpretation of Arakelov theory at infinity, we interpret in this paper non-Archimedean local intersection numbers of linear cycles in $P^{n-1}$ with the combinatorial geometry of the Bruhat-Tits building associated to PGL(n).
In the present notes we generalize the classical work of Demazure [Invariants symétriques entiers des groupes de Weyl et torsion] to arbitrary oriented cohomology theories and formal group laws. Let G be a split semisemiple linear algebraic group over a field and let T be its split maximal torus. We construct a generalized characteristic map relating the so called formal group ring of the character group of T with the cohomology of the variety of Borel subgroups of G. The main result of the paper says that the kernel of this map is generated by W-invariant elements, where W is the Weyl group o…
Let F be the complete flag variety over Spec(Z) with the tautological filtration 0 \subset E_1 \subset E_2 \subset ... \subset E_n=E of the trivial bundle E over F. The trivial hermitian metric on E(\C) induces metrics on the quotient line bundles L_i(\C). Let \hat{c}_1(L_i) be the first Chern class of L_i in the arithmetic Chow ring \hat{CH}(F) and x_i = -\hat{c}_1(L_i). Let h(X_1,...,X_n) be a polynomial with integral coefficients in the ideal <e_1,...,e_n> generated by the elementary symmetric polynomials e_i. We give an effective algorithm for computing the arithmetic intersection h(x_1,..…
Using a blend of combinatorics and geometry, we give an algorithm for algebraically finding all flags in any zero-dimensional intersection of Schubert varieties with respect to three transverse flags, and more generally, any number of flags. In particular, the number of flags in a triple intersection is also a structure constant for the cohomology ring of the flag manifold. Our algorithm is based on solving a limited number of determinantal equations for each intersection (far fewer than the naive approach). These equations may be used to compute Galois and monodromy groups of intersections of…
We study the toric degeneration of Weyl group translated Schubert divisors of a partial flag variety of Lie type A via Gelfand-Cetlin polytopes. We propose a conjecture that Schubert varieties of appropriate dimensions intersect transversally up to translation by Weyl group elements, and verify it in various cases, including complex Grassmannian Gr(2, n) and complete flag variety Fl_4.
For a simple algebraic group $G$ we study the space $Q$ of Quasimaps from the projective line $C$ to the flag variety of $G$. We prove that the global Intersection Cohomology of $Q$ carries a natural pure Tate Hodge structure, and compute its generating function. We define an action of the Langlands dual Lie algebra $g^L$ on this cohomology. We present a new geometric construction of the universal enveloping algebra $U(n^L_+)$ of the nilpotent subalgebra of $g^L$. It is realized in the Ext-groups of certain perverse sheaves on Quasimaps' spaces, and it is equipped with a canonical basis number…
In this paper we propose and discuss a mirror construction for complete intersections in partial flag manifolds $F(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$. This construction includes our previous mirror construction for complete intersection in Grassmannians and the mirror construction of Givental for complete flag manifolds. The key idea of our construction is a degeneration of $F(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$ to a certain Gorenstein toric Fano variety $P(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$ which has been investigated by Gonciulea and Lakshmibai. We describe a natural small crepant desingularization of $P(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$ and prove a gene…
This paper generalizes Manin's approach towards a geometrical interpretation of Arakelov theory at infinity to linear cycles on projective spaces. We show how to interpret certain non-Archimedean Arakelov intersection numbers of linear cycles on $P^{n-1}$ with the combinatorial geometry of the Bruhat-Tits building associated to PGL(n). This geometric setting has an Archimedean analogue, namely the Riemannian symmetric space associated to SL(n,C), which we use to interpret analogous Archimedean intersection numbers of linear cycles in a similar way.
If (V,0) is an isolated complete intersection singularity and X a holomorphic vector field tangent to V one can define an index of X, the so called GSV index, which generalizes the Poincare-Hopf index. We prove that the GSV index coincides with the dimension of a certain explicitely constructed vector space, if X is deformable in a certain sense and V is a curve. We also give a sufficient algebraic criterion for X to be deformable in this way. If one considers the real analytic case one can also define an index of X which is called the real GSV index. Under the condition that X has the deforma…
We answer a question posed by S. Kleiman concerning flatness of the family of complete quadrics. We also show that any flat family of hypersurfaces on Grassmann varieties induces a flat family of intersections with the corresponding flag variety.
We show that various genus zero Gromov-Witten invariants for flag varieties representing different homology classes are indeed the same. In particular, many of them are classical intersection numbers of Schubert cycles.
There are some generalizations of the classical Eisenbud-Levine-Khimshashvili formula for the index of a singular point of an analytic vector field on $R^n$ for vector fields on singular varieties. We offer an alternative approach based on the study of indices of 1-forms instead of vector fields. When the variety under consideration is a real isolated complete intersection singularity (icis), we define an index of a (real) 1-form on it. In the complex setting we define an index of a holomorphic 1-form on a complex icis and express it as the dimension of a certain algebra. In the real setting, …
We prove a new effective recursion formula for computing all intersection indices (integrals of $ψ$ classes) on the moduli space of curves, inducting only on the genus.
This paper introduces a two-parameter deformation of the cohomology of generalized flag varieties. One special case is the Belkale-Kumar deformation (used to study eigencones of Lie groups). Another picks out intersections of Schubert varieties that behave nicely under projections. Our construction yields a new proof that the Belkale-Kumar product is well-defined. This proof is shorter and more elementary than earlier proofs.
We define an index of a collection of 1-forms on a complex isolated complete intersection singularity corresponding to a Chern number and, in the case when the 1-forms are complex analytic, express it as the dimension of a certain algebra.
On the atomic decomposition of complete intersection in flag varieties
Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences（保加利亚科学院数学与信息学研究所）；Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Stony Brook University（石溪大学西蒙斯几何与物理中心）；International Center for Mathematical Sciences (ICMS)（国际数学科学中心）；Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica (IMECC) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)（坎皮纳斯州立大学数学、统计与科学计算研究所）
If two G-manifolds are G-cobordant then characteristic numbers corresponding to the fixed point sets (submanifolds) of subgroups of G and to normal bundles to these sets coincide. We construct two analogues of these characteristic numbers for singular complex G-varieties where G is a finite group. They are defined as sums of certain indices of collections of 1-forms (with values in the spaces of the irreducible representations of subgroups). These indices are generalizations of the GSV-index (for isolated complete intersection singularities) and the Euler obstruction respectively.
Flag domains are open orbits of real semisimple Lie groups in flag manifolds of their complexifications. Certain group theoretically defined compact complex submanifolds, which are regarded as cycles, are of basic importance for their complex geometric and representation theoretic properties. It is known that there are optimal Schubert varieties which intersect the cycles transversally in finitely many points and in particular determine them in homology. Here we give a precise description of these Schubert varieties in terms of certain subsets of the Weyl group and compute their total number f…
A Newton-Okounkov polytope of a complete flag variety can be turned into a convex geometric model for Schubert calculus. Namely, we can represent Schubert cycles by linear combinations of faces of the polytope so that the intersection product of cycles corresponds to the set-theoretic intersection of faces (whenever the latter are transverse). We explain the general framework and survey particular realizations of this approach in types A, B and C.
In a spirit of Givental's constructions Batyrev, Ciocan-Fontanine, Kim, and van Straten suggested Landau--Ginzburg models for smooth Fano complete intersections in Grassmannians and partial flag varieties as certain complete intersections in complex tori equipped with special functions called superpotentials. We provide a particular algorithm for constructing birational isomorphisms of these models for complete intersections in Grassmannians of planes with complex tori. In this case the superpotentials are given by Laurent polynomials. We study Givental's integrals for Landau--Ginzburg models …
We consider the complex ind-group $G=\mathrm{SL}(\infty,\mathbb{C})$ and its real forms $G^0=\mathrm{SU}(\infty,\infty)$, $\mathrm{SU}(p,\infty)$, $\mathrm{SL}(\infty,\mathbb{R})$, $\mathrm{SL}(\infty,\mathbb{H})$. Our main objects of study are the $G^0$-orbits on an ind-variety $G/P$ for an arbitrary splitting parabolic ind-subgroup $P\subset G$. We prove that the intersection of any $G^0$-orbit on $G/P$ with a finite-dimensional flag variety $G_n/P_n$ from a given exhaustion of $G/P$ via $G_n/P_n$ for $n\to\infty$, is a single $(G^0\cap G_n)$-orbit. We also characterize all ind-varieties $G/…
In this paper, we study a variation of a conjecture of Debarre on positivity of cotangent bundles of complete intersections. We establish the ampleness of Schur powers of cotangent bundles of generic complete intersections in projective manifolds, with high enough explicit codimension and multi-degrees. Our approach is naturally formulated in terms of flag bundles and allows one to reach the optimal codimension. On complex manifolds, this ampleness property implies intermediate hyperbolic properties. We give a natural application of our main result in this context.
Let $X$ be a projective variety and let $C$ be a rational normal curve on $X$. We compute the normal bundle of $C$ in a general complete intersection of hypersurfaces of sufficiently large degree in $X$. As a result, we establish the separable rational connectedness of a large class of varieties, including general Fano complete intersections of hypersurfaces of degree at least three in flag varieties, in arbitrary characteristic. In addition, we give a new way of computing the normal bundle of certain rational curves in products of varieties in terms of their restricted tangent bundles and nor…
We describe a new approach to the Schubert calculus on complete flag varieties using the volume polynomial associated with Gelfand-Zetlin polytopes. This approach allows us to compute the intersection products of Schubert cycles by intersecting faces of a polytope.
We present a new proof of Witten's conjecture. The proof is based on the analysis of the relationship between intersection indices on moduli spaces of complex curves and Hurwitz numbers enumerating ramified coverings of the 2-sphere.
For a nonsingular projective variety $X$, the virtual Tevelev degree in Gromov-Witten theory is defined as the virtual degree of the morphism from $M_{g,n}(X,d)$ to the product $M_{g,n} \times X^n$. After proving a simple formula for the virtual Tevelev degree in the (small) quantum cohomology ring of $X$ using the quantum Euler class, we provide several exact calculations for flag varieties and complete intersections. In the cominuscule case (including Grassmannians, Lagrangian Grassmannians, and maximal orthogonal Grassmannians), the virtual Tevelev degrees are calculated in terms of the eig…
There is a correspondence between highest weight vectors in the tensor product of finite-dimensional irreducible sl(N+1)-modules marked by distinct complex numbers, on the one hand, and elements of the intersection of the Schubert varieties taken with respect to the osculating flags of the normal rational curve at the points corresponding to these complex numbers, on the other hand. The highest weight vectors are the Bethe vectors of the sl(N+1) Gaudin model and the elements are the (N+1)-dimensional non-degenerate planes in the vector space of complex polynomials. In the present paper we expl…
For an appropriate class of Fano complete intersections in toric varieties, we prove that there is a concrete relationship between degenerations to specific toric subvarieties and expressions for Givental's Landau-Ginzburg models as Laurent polynomials. As a result, we show that Fano varieties presented as complete intersections in partial flag manifolds admit degenerations to Gorenstein toric weak Fano varieties, and their Givental Landau-Ginzburg models can be expressed as corresponding Laurent polynomials. We also use this to show that all of the Laurent polynomials obtained by Coates, Kasp…
We record an observation about the Witten indices in two families of gauged linear sigma models: the U(2) model for linear sections of Grassmannians, and the U(1) model for quadric complete intersections. We describe how the Witten indices are related to the Euler characteristics of the singular skew-symmetric or symmetric determinantal varieties featuring in the analysis of their opposite phases, and we discuss the extent to which these relationships can be reconciled with standard Born-Oppenheimer arguments.
Let $C$ be a smooth projective curve of genus 0. Let $\CB$ be the variety of complete flags in an $n$-dimensional vector space $V$. Given an $(n-1)$-tuple $α\in\BN[I]$ of positive integers one can consider the space $\CQ_α$ of algebraic maps of degree $α$ from $C$ to $\CB$. This space admits some remarkable compactifications $\CQ^D_α$ (Quasimaps), $\CQ^L_α$ (Quasiflags), $\CQ^K_α$ (Stable Maps) of $\CQ_α$ constructed by Drinfeld, Laumon and Kontsevich respectively. It has been proved that the natural map $π: \CQ^L_α\to \CQ^D_α$ is a small resolution of singularities. The aim of the present not…
We develop a global Poincaré residue formula to study period integrals of families of complex manifolds. For any compact complex manifold $X$ equipped with a linear system $V^*$ of generically smooth CY hypersurfaces, the formula expresses period integrals in terms of a canonical global meromorphic top form on $X$. Two important ingredients of our construction are the notion of a CY principal bundle, and a classification of such rank one bundles. We also generalize our construction to CY and general type complete intersections. When $X$ is an algebraic manifold having a sufficiently large auto…
