M. E. Kazarian, S. K. Lando
We present a new proof of Witten's conjecture. The proof is based on the analysis of the relationship between intersection indices on moduli spaces of complex curves and Hurwitz numbers enumerating ramified coverings of the 2-sphere.
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We prove a conjecture of Durr, Kabanov and Okonek which provides an algebro-geometric theory of Seiberg-Witten invariants for all smooth projective surfaces. Our main technique is the cosection localization principle of virtual cycles.
We study how Gromov-Witten invariants of projective 3-folds transform under a standard flop and a small extremal transition in the algebro-geometric setting from the recent development of algebraic relative Gromov-Witten theory and its applications. This gives an algebro-geometric account of Witten's wall-crossing formula for correlation functions of the descendant nonlinear sigma model in adjacent geometric phases of a gauge linear sigma model and of the symplectic approach in an earlier work of An-Min Li and Yongbin Ruan on the same problem. A terse account from the stringy and the symplecti…
This is an expository paper based on the results in [12] and [16]. The main goal is to prove the following two conjectures for genus up to two. (1) Witten's conjecture on the relations between higher spin curves and Gelfand-Dickey Hierarchies. (2) Virasoro conjecture for conformal semisimple Frobenius manifolds.
In this note, we use the method of [3] to give a simple proof of famous Witten conjecture. Combining the coefficients derived in our note and this method, we can derive more recursion formulas of Hodge integrals.
A conjecture expressing genus 1 Gromov-Witten invariants in mirror-theoretic terms of semi-simple Frobenius structures and complex oscillating integrals is formulated. The proof of the conjecture is given for torus-equivariant Gromov - Witten invariants of compact Kähler manifolds with isolated fixed points and for concave bundle spaces over such manifolds. Several results on genus 0 Gromov - Witten theory include: a non-linear Serre duality theorem, its application to the genus 0 mirror conjecture, a mirror theorem for concave bundle spaces over toric manifolds generalizing a recent result of…
We define Strebel differentials for stable complex curves, prove the existence and uniqueness theorem that generalizes Strebel's theorem for smooth curves, prove that Strebel differentials form a continuous family over the moduli space of stable curves, and show how this construction can be applied to clarify a delicate point in Kontsevich's proof of Witten's conjecture.
This is the first part of two papers. In this part, we prove the blowup formulae for virtual Hodge polynomials of Gieseker moduli spaces of rank-2 stable sheaves and Uhlenbeck compactification spaces over algebraic surfaces. In particular, we verify the blowup formulae for the S-duality conjecture of Vafa-Witten, i.e. the blowup formulae for the Euler numbers of instanton moduli spaces over algebraic surfaces.
We study the quasimap invariants of elliptic and K3 fibrations. Oberdieck and Pixton conjectured that the Gromov-Witten potentials of elliptic fibrations are quasi-modular forms. Analogously, we propose similar conjecture for the quasimap potentials of elliptic fibrations. We also conjecture some finite generation properties of quasimap potentials of K3 fibrations. Via wall-crossing conjecture, this will imply some quasi-modularity of the Gromov-Witten potentials of K3 fibrations. We provide some evidences for our conjectures through several examples. The method here can be further generalized…
We state a version of the crepant resolution conjecture for total ancestor potentials for surface singularities, and reduce the conjecture to the quantum McKay correspondence conjecture of J.Bryan and A.Gholampour and a vanishing conjecture for Hurwitz-Hodge integrals. In particular, for singularities of type A, we prove the conjecture. We also suggest an approach towards a proof for the general cases by Teleman's reconstruction theorem for semisimple cohomological field theories.
This is the second part of two papers. In this part, we establish closed formulae for the universal functions in the blowup formulae for virtual Hodge polynomials of Gieseker moduli spaces of rank-2 stable sheaves and Uhlenbeck compactification spaces over algebraic surfaces.
Among solutions of n-Gelfand-Dikii's hierarchy there exists a remarkable solution W, which satisfies the string equation. We call it Witten's solution because according to the Witten conjecture the function F(x_1, x_2, x_3,...) = W(x_1,(x_2)/2, (x_3)/3,...) is the generating function for intersection nambers of Mumford-Morita-Muller cohomological classes of the moduli space of n-spin Riemann surfaces. This conjecture was proved by Kontsevich for n=2 and by Witten himself for surfaces of genus 0. In this paper we find recurrence relations between coefficients of Taylor series of W. This reduces…
We compute open GW invariants for $\mathcal{K}_{\mathbb{P}^1}\oplus\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}$, open orbifold GW invariants for $[\C^3/\Z_2]$, formulate an open crepant resolution conjecture and verify it for this pair. We show that open invariants can be glued together to deduce the Bryan-Graber closed crepant resolution conjecture for the orbifold $[\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(-1)\oplus\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(-1)/\Z_2]$ and its crepant resolution $\mathcal{K}_{\mathbb{P}^1\times\mathbb{P}^1}$.
Seiberg duality conjecture asserts that the Gromov-Witten theories (Gauged Linear Sigma Models) of two quiver varieties related by quiver mutations are equal via variable change. In this work, we prove this conjecture for $A_n$ type quiver varieties.
We will describe algebro-geometric solutions of the KdV hierarchy whose $τ$-functions in addition satisfy a generalization of the Virasoro constraints (and, in particular, a generalization of the string equation). We show that these solutions are closely related to embeddings of the positive half of the Virasoro algebra into the Lie algebra of differential operators on the circle. Our results are tested against the case of Witten-Kontsevich $τ$-function. As by-products, we exhibit certain links of our methods with double covers of the projective line equipped with a line bundle and with ${\rm …
Based on the combinatorial description of the moduli spaces of curves provided by Strebel differentials, Witten and Kontsevich have introduced combinatorial cohomology classes $W_{(m_0,m_1,m_2,\dots),n}$, and conjectured that these can be expressed in terms of Mumford-Morita-Miller classes. It is argued that this link should be provided by a theorem of Di Francesco, Itzykson and Zuber which relates the derivatives of the Witten-Kontsevich partition function with respect to one set of variables to the derivatives with respect to the other set of variables. Two things are shown. First of all tha…
In this paper we propose two guiding principles that suggest a number of conjectures (some now proved) about various forms of rigidity for moduli spaces arising in algebraic geometry. Such conjectures have group-theoretic, topological and holomorphic aspects, and so they also provide motivation for natural problems in geometric group theory and topology.
In a series of two preprints, Y.-P. Lee studied relations satisfied by all formal Gromov-Witten potentials, as defined by A. Givental. He called them "universal relations" and studied their connection with tautological relations in the cohomology ring of moduli spaces of stable curves. Building on Y.-P. Lee's work, we give a simple proof of the fact that every tautological relation gives rise to a universal relation (which was also proved by Y.-P. Lee modulo certain results announced by C. Teleman). In particular, this implies that in any semi-simple Gromov-Witten theory where arbitrary correl…
We construct a countable number of differential operators $\hat{L}_n$ that annihilate a generating function for intersection numbers of $κ$ classes on $\Moduli_g$ (the $κ$-potential). This produces recursions among intersection numbers of $κ$ classes which determine all such numbers from a single initial condition. The starting point of the work is a combinatorial formula relating intersecion numbers of $ψ$ and $κ$ classes. Such a formula produces an exponential differential operator acting on the Gromov-Witten potential to produce the $κ$-potential; after restricting to a hyperplane, we have …
We give a uniform proof of a significant part of the Cachazo-Douglas-Seiberg-Witten conjecture by using topology and geometry of infinite Grassmannians.
The main goal of this paper is to prove the following two conjectures for genus up to two: 1. Witten's conjecture on the relations between higher spin curves and Gelfand--Dickey hierarchy. 2. Virasoro conjecture for target manifolds with conformal semisimple Frobenius manifolds. The main technique used in the proof is the invariance of tautological equations under loop group action.
We consider the question of how geometric structures of a Deligne-Mumford stack affect its Gromov-Witten invariants. The two geometric structures studied here are {\em gerbes} and {\em root constructions}. In both cases, we explain conjectures on Gromov-Witten theory for these stacks and survey some recent progress on these conjectures.
We study the relationship between Gromov-Witten invariants of local $\mathbb{P}^4$ and Gromov-witten invariants of $[\mathbb{C}^5/\mathbb{Z}_5]$ for all genera. We state the crepant resolution conjecture in explicit form and prove this conjecture for $g=2,3.$
In this paper, we study the enumeration of virtual numbers of immersed nodal curves along certain Calabi-Yau K3 fibrations. By using the concept of cosmic strings, we verify the modularity conjeture of the generating function of immersed nodal curves from String theory (Harvey-Moore). Based on the theory defining virtual numbers of nodal curves on algebraic surface (applying to a pencil of lattice polarized K3), a mathematical definition of virtual numbers of immersed rational curves (so-called Gopakumar-Vafa numbers) for Calabi-Yau K3 fibrations is given and it is shown to match up with strin…
We conjecture an equivalence between the Gromov-Witten theory of 3-folds and the holomorphic Chern-Simons theory of Donaldson-Thomas. For Calabi-Yau 3-folds, the equivalence is defined by the change of variables, exp(iu)=-q, where u is the genus parameter of GW theory and q is charge parameter of DT theory. The conjecture is proven for local Calabi-Yau toric surfaces.
We make precise conjectures relating the genus zero Gromov-Witten theory of a nonabelian GIT quotient X//G to that of the associated abelian quotient X//T by a maximal torus T in G.These conjectures imply in particular closed formulas for the J-functions (that is, the generating functions for 1-point Gromov-Witten invariants) of all generalized flag manifolds of classical A, B, C and D types. These formulas are proved in the second part of the paper.
We consider a conjecture that identifies two types of base point free divisors on $\bar{M}_{0,n}$. The first arises from Gromov-Witten theory of a Grassmannian. The second comes from first Chern classes of vector bundles associated to simple Lie algebras in type A. Here we reduce this conjecture on $\bar{M}_{0,n}$ to the same statement for $n=4$. A reinterpretation leads to a proof of the conjecture on $\bar{M}_{0,n}$ for a large class, and we give sufficient conditions for the non-vanishing of these divisors.
We propose an algebro-geometric definition of the space of conformal blocks in the four dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten theory introduced by Losev.et al..
Witten's top Chern class is a particular cohomology class on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces endowed with r-spin structures. It plays a key role in Witten's conjecture relating to the intersection theory on these moduli spaces. Our first goal is to compute the integral of Witten's class over the so-called double ramification cycles in genus 1. We obtain a simple closed formula for these integrals. This allows us, using the methods of [15], to find an algorithm for computing the intersection numbers of the Witten class with powers of the ψ-classes (or tautological classes) over any moduli …
We give a short proof for the fact that rationality of complex surfaces is a property depending only on the differential structure. Our proof uses the new Seiberg-Witten invariants.
Motivated by the S-duality conjecture of Vafa-Witten, Tanaka-Thomas have developed a theory of Vafa-Witten invariants for projective surfaces using the moduli space of Higgs sheaves. Their definition and calculation prove the S-duality prediction of Vafa-Witten in many cases in the side of gauge group $SU(r)$. In this survey paper for ICCM-2019 we review the S-duality conjecture in physics by Vafa-Witten and the definition of Vafa-Witten invariants for smooth projective surfaces and surface Deligne-Mumford stacks. We make a prediction that the Vafa-Witten invariants for Deligne-Mumford surface…
The purpose of this note is to give a short, selfcontained proof of the following result: A complex surface which is diffeomeorphic to a rational surface is rational.
We study the difference between the lengths of the torsion of the differential modules of the local ring R of an algebroid curve and its first quadratic transform. The conjecture is that this difference should be positive if R is not regular. This is shown to be true in some cases, especially for stable complete intersections and for semigroup rings which are complete intersections.
The goal of this article is to motivate and describe how Gromov-Witten theory can and has provided tools to understand the moduli space of curves. For example, ideas and methods from Gromov-Witten theory have led to both conjectures and theorems showing that the tautological part of the cohomology ring has a remarkable and profound structure. As an illustration, we describe a new approach to Faber's intersection number conjecture via branched covers of the projective line (work with I.P. Goulden and D.M. Jackson, based on work with T. Graber). En route we review the work of a large number of m…
We obtain a system of relations between linear Hodge integrals. As an application, we show that its first non-trivial relation implies the Witten's Conjecture/Kontsevich Theorem.
We give a short and direct proof of the $λ_g$-Conjecture. The approach is through the Ekedahl-Lando-Shapiro-Vainshtein theorem, which establishes the ``polynomiality'' of Hurwitz numbers, from which we pick off the lowest degree terms. The proof is independent of Gromov-Witten theory. We briefly describe the philosophy behind our general approach to intersection numbers and how it may be extended to other intersection number conjectures.
The Virasoro conjecture is a conjectured sequence of relations among the descendent Gromov-Witten invariants of a smooth projective variety in all genera; the only varieties for which it is known to hold are a point (Kontsevich) and Calabi-Yau threefolds (S. Katz). We review the statement of the conjecture and its proof in genus 0, following Eguchi, Hori and Xiong. This version incorporates many changes and improvements compared with the first, and a small number of misprints from the second. It will appear in the AMS volume "Hirzebruch 70", edited by P. Pragacz et al.
Seiberg Duality conjecture for star-shaped quivers and finiteness of Gromov-Witten thoery for D-type quivers
本文证明星形箭图的Seiberg对偶猜想成立，并进一步证明D_3型箭图簇代数簇的Gromov-Witten理论及Kähler变量在有限次突变后恢复原状。
In this paper, we study some vanishing identities for Gromov-Witten invariants conjectured by K. Liu and H. Xu. We will prove these conjectures in the case that the summation range is large compare to genus. In fact, in such cases, we can obtain a vanishing identity which is stronger than their conjectures. Moreover we will also prove their conjectures in low genus cases.
In this ``experimental'' research, we use known topological recursion relations in genera-zero, -one, and -two to compute the n-point descendant Gromov-Witten invariants of P^1 for arbitrary degrees and low values of n. The results are consistent with the Virasoro conjecture and also lead to explicit computations of all Hodge integrals in these genera. We also derive new recursion relations for simple Hurwitz numbers similar to those of Graber and Pandharipande.
Gromov-Witten theory of abelian varieties in families and modular forms
本文为系列研究首篇，将椭圆曲线格罗莫夫-维滕理论拟模性推广至高维，经重言投影后证明亏格2情形的相关猜想，引入商格罗莫夫-维滕不变量并给出其显式公式。
We prove a conjecture of Artur Elezi in a generalized form suggested by Givental. Namely, our main result relates genus-0 Gromov--Witten invariants of a bundle space with such invariants of the base, provided that the fiber is a toric manifold. When the base is the point, a new proof of mirror theorems by A. Givental and by H. Iritani for toric manifolds is obtained.
We conjecture a formula for the generating function of genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of the local Calabi-Yau manifolds which are the total spaces of splitting bundles over projective spaces. We prove this conjecture in several special cases, and assuming the validity of our conjecture we check the integrality of genus one BPS numbers of local Calabi-Yau 5-folds defined by A. Klemm and R. Pandharipande.
Given a normal surface singularity (X,0), its link, M is a closed differentiable three dimensional manifold which carries much analytic information. It is an interesting question to ask whether, under suitable analytic and topological conditions, the geometric genus (or other analytic invariants) can be recovered from the link. The Casson invariant conjecture predicts that p_g can be identified using the Casson invariant in the case when (X,0) is a complete intersection and M has trivial first homology with integral coefficients. The Seiberg-Witten invariant conjecture predicts that the geomet…
We propose an intersection-theoretic method to reduce questions in genus zero logarithmic Gromov-Witten theory to questions in the Gromov-Witten theory of smooth pairs, in the presence of positivity. The method is applied to the enumerative geometry of rational curves with maximal contact orders along a simple normal crossings divisor and to recent questions about its relationship to local curve counting. Three results are established. We produce counterexamples to the local/logarithmic conjectures of van Garrel-Graber-Ruddat and Tseng-You. We prove that a weak form of the conjecture holds for…
For orbifolds admitting a crepant resolution and satisfying a hard Lefschetz condition, we formulate a conjectural equivalence between the Gromov-Witten theories of the orbifold and the resolution. We prove the conjecture for the equivariant Gromov-Witten theories of the nth symmetric product of the complex plane and the Hilbert scheme of n points in the plane.
We study the enumerative geometry of rational curves on the Hilbert schemes of points of a K3 surface. Let $S$ be a K3 surface and let $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$ be the Hilbert scheme of $d$ points of $S$. In case of elliptically fibered K3 surfaces $S \to \mathbb{P}^1$, we calculate genus $0$ Gromov-Witten invariants of $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S)$, which count rational curves incident to two generic fibers of the induced Lagrangian fibration $\mathsf{Hilb}^d(S) \to \mathbb{P}^d$. The generating series of these invariants is the Fourier expansion of a power of the Jacobi theta function times a modular form…
The Virasoro conjecture proposed by Eguchi-Hori-Xiong and S. Katz predicts that the generating function of Gromov-Witten invariants is annihilated by infinitely many differential operators which form a half branch of the Virasoro algebra. In this paper, we study the genus-1 case of the conjecture. In particular, we will give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the genus-1 Virasoro conjecture.
Let $S$ be a K3 surface and let $E$ be an elliptic curve. We solve the reduced Gromov-Witten theory of the Calabi-Yau threefold $S \times E$ for all curve classes which are primitive in the K3 factor. In particular, we deduce the Igusa cusp form conjecture. The proof relies on new results in the Gromov-Witten theory of elliptic curves and K3 surfaces. We show the generating series of Gromov-Witten classes of an elliptic curve are cycle-valued quasimodular forms and satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation. The quasimodularity generalizes a result by Okounkov and Pandharipande, and the holomorphi…
The Witten top Chern class is the crucial cohomology class needed to state a conjecture by Witten relating the Gelfand-Dikii hierarchies to higher spin curves. In math.AG/0011032, Polishchuk and Vaintrob provide an algebraic construction of such a class. We present a more straightforward construction via K-theory. In this way we short-circuit the passage through bivariant intersection theory and the use of MacPherson's graph construction. Furthermore, we show that the Witten top Chern class admits a natural lifting to the K-theory ring.
The purpose of this note is to share some observations and speculations concerning the asymptotic behavior of Gromov-Witten invariants. They may be indicative of some deep phenomena in symplectic topology that in full generality are outside of the reach of current techniques. On the other hand, many interesting cases can perhaps be treated via combinatorial techniques.
We prove that the total descendant potential functions of the theory of Fan-Jarvis-Ruan-Witten for D_4 with symmetry group <J> and D_4^T with symmetry group G_{max}, respectively, are both tau-functions of the D_4 Kac-Wakimoto/Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy. This completes the proof, begun in [FJR], of the Witten Integrable Hierarchies Conjecture for all simple (ADE) singularities.
Let S be a nonsingular projective K3 surface. Motivated by the study of the Gromov-Witten theory of the Hilbert scheme of points of S, we conjecture a formula for the Gromov-Witten theory (in all curve classes) of the Calabi-Yau 3-fold S x E where E is an elliptic curve. In the primitive case, our conjecture is expressed in terms of the Igusa cusp form chi_{10} and matches a prediction via heterotic duality by Katz, Klemm, and Vafa. In imprimitive cases, our conjecture suggests a new structure for the complete theory of descendent integration for K3 surfaces. Via the Gromov-Witten/Pairs corres…
Given a Tyurin degeneration of a Calabi-Yau complete intersection in a toric variety, we prove gluing formulas relating the generalized functional invariants, periods, and $I$-functions of the mirror Calabi-Yau family and those of the two mirror Landau-Ginzburg models. Our proof makes explicit the "gluing/splitting" of fibrations in the Doran-Harder-Thompson mirror conjecture. Our gluing formula implies an identity, obtained by composition with their respective mirror maps, that relates the absolute Gromov-Witten invariants for the Calabi-Yaus and relative Gromov-Witten invariants for the quas…
We prove that Witten's Conjecture [arXiv:hep-th/9411102] on the relationship between the Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten series for a four-manifold of Seiberg-Witten simple type with $b_1=0$ and odd $b_2^+\geq 3$ follows from our $\mathrm{SO}(3)$-monopole cobordism formula [arXiv:math/0203047] when the four-manifold has $c_1^2\geq χ_h-3$ or is abundant.
This research announcement discusses our results on Gromov-Witten theory of root gerbes. A complete calculation of genus 0 Gromov-Witten theory of $μ_{r}$-root gerbes over a smooth base scheme is obtained by a direct analysis of virtual fundamental classes. Our result verifies the genus 0 part of the so-called decomposition conjecture which compares Gromov-Witten theory of étale gerbes with that of the bases. We also verify this conjecture in all genera for toric gerbes over toric Deligne-Mumford stacks.
In this article we complete the proof---for a broad class of four-manifolds---of Witten's conjecture that the Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten series coincide, at least through terms of degree less than or equal to c-2, where c is a linear combination of the Euler characteristic and signature of the four-manifold. This article is a revision of sections 4--7 of an earlier version, while a revision of sections 1--3 of that earlier version now appear in a separate companion article (math.DG/0007190). Here, we use our computations of Chern classes for the virtual normal bundles for the Seiberg-Witten …
We conclude the construction of $r$-spin theory in genus zero for Riemann surfaces with boundary. In particular, we define open $r$-spin intersection numbers, and we prove that their generating function is closely related to the wave function of the $r$th Gelfand-Dickey integrable hierarchy. This provides an analogue of Witten's $r$-spin conjecture in the open setting and a first step toward the construction of an open version of Fan-Jarvis-Ruan-Witten theory. As an unexpected consequence, we establish a mysterious relationship between open $r$-spin theory and an extension of Witten's closed t…
We identify the formulas of Buryak and Okounkov for the n-point functions of the intersection numbers of psi-classes on the moduli spaces of curves. This allows us to combine the earlier known results and this one into a principally new proof of the famous Witten conjecture / Kontsevich theorem, where the link between the intersection theory of the moduli spaces and integrable systems is established via the geometry of double ramification cycles.
We construct a global B-model for weighted homogeneous polynomials based on K. Saito's theory of primitive forms. Our main motivation is to give a rigorous statement of the so called global mirror symmetry conjecture relating Gromov-Witten invariants and Fan--Jarvis--Ruan--Witten invariants. Furthermore, our construction allows us to generalize the notion of a quasi-modular form and holomorphic anomaly equations. Finally, we prove the global mirror symmetry conjecture for the Fermat polynomials.
In this paper we analyze six examples of birational transformations between toric orbifolds: three crepant resolutions, two crepant partial resolutions, and a flop. We study the effect of these transformations on genus-zero Gromov-Witten invariants, proving the Coates-Corti-Iritani-Tseng/Ruan form of the Crepant Resolution Conjecture in each case. Our results suggest that this form of the Crepant Resolution Conjecture may also hold for more general crepant birational transformations. They also suggest that Ruan's original Crepant Resolution Conjecture should be modified, by including appropria…
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