We present a moduli space for all hyperbolic basic sets of diffeomorphisms on surfaces that have an invariant measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to Hausdorff measure. To do this we introduce two new invariants: the measure solenoid function and the cocycle-gap pair. We extend the eigenvalue formula of A. N. Livsic and Ja. G. Sinai for Anosov diffeomorphisms which preserve an absolutely continuous measure to hyperbolic basic sets on surfaces which possess an invariant measure absolutely continuous with respect to Hausdorff measure. We characterise the Lipschitz conjugacy classes of such hyperbolic systems in a number of ways, for example, in terms of eigenvalues of periodic points and Gibbs measures.
We consider both hyperbolic sets and partially hyperbolic sets attracting a set of points with positive volume in a Riemannian manifold. We obtain several results on the topological structure of such sets for diffeomorphisms whose differentiability is bigger than one. We show in particular that there are no partially hyperbolic horseshoes with positive volume for such diffeomorphisms. We also give a description of the limit set of almost every point belonging to a hyperbolic set or a partially hyperbolic set with positive volume.
Bautista and Morales proved the existence of periodic orbits in singular-hyperbolic attracting sets(*). In this paper, we extend their result to singular-hyperbolic Lyapunov stable sets. ((*)"Existence of periodic orbits for singular-hyperbolic sets", Moscow Mathematical Journal, 6 (2006), 265-297)
Julia and Mandelbrot sets, which characterize bounded orbits in dynamical systems over the complex numbers, are classic examples of fractal sets. We investigate the analogs of these sets for dynamical systems over the hyperbolic numbers. Hyperbolic numbers, which have the form $x+τy$ for $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$, and $τ^2 = 1$ but $τ\neq \pm 1$, are the natural number system in which to encode geometric properties of the Minkowski space $\mathbb{R}^{1,1}$. We show that the hyperbolic analog of the Mandelbrot set parameterizes connectedness of hyperbolic Julia sets. We give a wall-and-chamber decom…
Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学）；Department of Mathematical and Computing Science, School of Computing, Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学计算学院数学与计算机科学系）
We study partially hyperbolic sets of C1-diffeomorphisms. For these sets there are defined the strong stable and strong unstable laminations. A lamination is called dynamically minimal when the orbit of each leaf intersects the set densely. We prove that partially hyperbolic sets having a dynamically minimal lamination have empty interior. We also study the Lebesgue measure and the spectral decomposition of these sets. These results can be ap- plied to C1-generic/robustly transitive attractors with one-dimensional center bundle.
Let f be an infinitely-renormalizable quadratic polynomial and J_\infty be the intersection of forward orbits of "small" Julia sets of simple renormalizations of f. We prove that J_\infty contains no hyperbolic sets.
We systematically investigate examples of non-hyperbolic dynamical systems having irregular sets of full topological entropy and full Hausdorff dimension. The examples include some partially hyperbolic systems and geometric Lorenz flows. We also pose interesting questions for future research.
Compact locally maximal hyperbolic sets are studied via geometrically defined functional spaces that take advantage of the smoothness of the map in a neighborhood of the hyperbolic set. This provides a self-contained theory that not only reproduces all the known classical results but gives also new insights on the statistical properties of these systems.
We obtain an upper bound for the number of attractors and repellers that can appear from small perturbations of a sectional hyperbolic set. This extends results from [Sectional-Anosov flows in higher dimensions] and [The explosion of singular-hyperbolic attractors].
We study small perturbations of a sectional hyperbolic set of a vector field on a compact manifold. Indeed, we obtain robustly finiteness of homoclinic classes on this scenary. Moreover, since attractor and repeller sets are particular cases of homoclinic classes, this result improve (A. M. López B, Finiteness and existence of attractors and repellers on sectional hyperbolic sets, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems-A 37).
We prove that every singular hyperbolic chain transitive set with a singularity does not admit the shadowing property. Using this result we show that if a star flow has the shadowing property on its chain recurrent set then it satisfies Axiom A and the no-cycle conditions; and that if a multisingular hyperbolic set has the shadowing property then it is hyperbolic.
We obtain a characterization of two classes of dynamics with nonuniformly hyperbolic behavior in terms of an admissibility property. Namely, we consider exponential dichotomies with respect to a sequence of norms and nonuniformly hyperbolic sets. We note that the approach to establishing exponential bounds along the stable and the unstable directions differs from the standard technique of substituting test sequences. Moreover, we obtain the bounds in a single step.
The aim of this work is to study a kind of refinement of the entropy conjecture, in the context of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with one dimensional central direction, of d-dimensional torus. We start by establishing a connection between the unstable index of hyperbolic sets and the index at algebraic level. Two examples are given which might shed light on which are the good questions in the higher dimensional center case.
We establish two results under which the topology of a hyperbolic set constrains ambient dynamics. First if a set is a compact, transitive, expanding hyperbolic attractor of codimension 1 for some diffeomorphism, then it is a union of transitive, expanding attractors (or contracting repellers) of codimension 1 for any diffeomorphism such that it is hyperbolic. Secondly, if a set is a nonwandering, locally maximal, compact hyperbolic set for a surface diffeomorphism, then it is locally maximal for any diffeomorphism for which it is hyperbolic.
For a right-invariant control system on a flag manifold $\mathbb{F}_Θ$ of a real semisimple Lie group, we relate the $\mathfrak{a}$-Lyapunov exponents to the Lyapunov exponents of the system over regular points. Moreover, we adapt the concept of partial hyperbolicity from the theory of smooth dynamical systems to control-affine systems, and we completely characterize the partially hyperbolic chain control sets on $\mathbb{F}_Θ$.
If a $C^{1 + a}$, $a >0$, volume-preserving diffeomorphism on a compact manifold has a hyperbolic invariant set with positive volume, then the map is Anosov. We also give a direct proof of ergodicity of volume-preserving $CC^{1+a}$, $a>0$, Anosov diffeomorphism without the usual Hopf argument.
Given a locally maximal compact invariant hyperbolic set $Λ$ for a $C^1$ flow or diffeomorphism on a Riemann manifold with $C^1$ unstable laminations, we construct an invariant continuous bundle of tangent vectors to local unstable manifolds that locally approximates $Λ$ in a certain way.
We show that for generic homeomorphisms homotopic to the identity in a closed and oriented surface of genus $g>1$, the rotation set is given by a union of at most $2^{5g-3}$ convex sets. Examples showing the sharpness for this asymptotic order are provided.
This paper introduces the concept of average conformal hyperbolic sets, which admit only one positive and one negative Lyapunov exponents for any ergodic measure. For an average conformal hyperbolic set of a C1 diffeomorphism, utilizing the techniques in sub-additive thermodynamics formalism and some geometric arguments with unstable/stable manifolds, a formula of the Hausdorff dimension and lower (upper) box dimension is given in this paper, which are exactly the sum of the dimensions of the restriction of the hyperbolic set to a stable and unstable manifolds. Furthermore, the dimensions of a…
In hyperbolic dynamics, a well-known result is: every hyperbolic Lyapunov stable set, is attracting; it's natural to wonder if this result is maintained in the sectional-hyperbolic dynamics. This question is still open, although some partial results have been presented. We will prove that all sectional-hyperbolic transitive Lyapunov stable set of codimension one of a vector field X over a compact manifold, with unique singularity Lorenz-like, which is of boundary-type, is an attractor of X.
We study the omega-limit sets $ω_X(x)$ in an isolating block $U$ of a singular-hyperbolic attractor for three-dimensional vector fields $X$. We prove that for every vector field $Y$ close to $X$ the set $ \{x\in U:ω_Y(x)$ contains a singularity$\}$ is {\em residual} in $U$. This is used to prove the persistence of singular-hyperbolic attractors with only one singularity as chain-transitive Lyapunov stable sets. These results generalize well known properties of the geometric Lorenz attractor \cite{gw} and the example in \cite{mpu}.
The Hausdorff dimension of a conformal repeller or conformal hyperbolic set is well understood. For non-conformal maps, the Hausdorff dimension is only known in some special cases. Ban, Cao and Hu defined the concept of an average conformal repeller which generalises conformal, quasi-conformal and weakly conformal repellers, and they found an equation for the Hausdorff dimension for an average conformal repeller. In this paper we generalise this concept to average conformal hyperbolic sets, and obtain a similar equation for the Hausdorff dimension.
We prove that for any closed manifold of dimension 3 or greater that there is an open set of smooth flows that have a hyperbolic set that is not contained in a locally maximal one. Additionally, we show that the stabilization of the shadowing closure of a hyperbolic set is an intrinsic property for premaximality. Lastly,we review some results due to Anosov that concern premaximality.
We prove that for meromorphic maps with logarithmic tracts (e.g. entire or meromorphic maps with a finite number of poles from class $\mathcal B$), the Julia set contains a compact invariant hyperbolic Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension greater than 1. Hence, the hyperbolic dimension of the Julia set is greater than 1.
We analyse the intersection of positively and negatively sectional-hyperbolic sets for flows on compact manifolds. First we prove that such an intersection is hyperbolic if the intersecting sets are both transitive (this is false without such a hypothesis). Next we prove that, in general, such an intersection consists of a nonsingular hyperbolic set, finitely many singularities and regular orbits joining them. Afterward we exhibit a three-dimensional star flow with two homoclinic classes, one being positively (but not negatively) sectional-hyperbolic and the other negatively (but not positivel…
We present a simple, computation free and geometrical proof of the following classical result: for a diffeomorphism of a manifold, any compact submanifold which is invariant and normally hyperbolic persists under small perturbations of the diffeomorphism. The persistence of a Lipschitz invariant submanifold follows from an application of the Schauder fixed point theorem to a graph transform, while smoothness and uniqueness of the invariant submanifold are obtained through geometrical arguments. Moreover, our proof provides a new result on persistence and regularity of "topologically" normally …
Singular and sectional hyperbolic sets are the objects of the extension of the classical Smale Hyperbolic Theory to flows having invariant sets with singularities accumulated by regular orbits within the set. It is by now well-known that (partially) hyperbolic sets admit adapted metrics. We show the existence of singular adapted metrics for any singular hyperbolic set with respect to a $C^{1}$ vector field on finite dimensional compact manifolds. Moreover, we obtain 2-sectional adapted metrics for certain open classes of 2-sectional hyperbolic sets and also for any hyperbolic set.
In this paper, we study hyperbolic rational maps with finitely connected Fatou sets. We construct models of post-critically finite hyperbolic tree mapping schemes for such maps, generalizing post-critically finite rational maps in the case of connected Julia set. We show they are general limits of rational maps as we quasiconformally stretch the dynamics. Conversely, we use quasiconformal surgery to show any post-critically finite hyperbolic tree mapping scheme arises as such a limit. We construct abundant examples thanks to the flexibilities of the models, and use them to construct a sequence…
An attractor $Λ$ for a 3-vector field $X$ is singular-hyperbolic if all its singularities are hyperbolic and it is partially hyperbolic with volume expanding central direction. We prove that $C^{1+α}$ singular-hyperbolic attractors, for some $α>0$, always have zero volume, thus extending an analogous result for uniformly hyperbolic attractors. The same result holds for a class of higher dimensional singular attractors. Moreover, we prove that if $Λ$ is a singular-hyperbolic attractor for $X$ then either it has zero volume or $X$ is an Anosov flow. We also present examples of $C^1$ singular-hyp…
We give sufficient conditions for the uniform hyperbolicity of certain nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems. In particular, we show that local diffeomorphisms that are nonuniformly expanding on sets of total probability are necessarily uniformly expanding. We also present a version of this result for diffeomorphisms with nonuniformly hyperbolic sets.
In this paper we study two properties related to the structure of hyperbolic sets. First we construct new examples answering in the negative the following question posed by Katok and Hasselblatt. Let $Λ$ be a hyperbolic set, and let $V$ be an open neighborhood of $Λ$. Does there exist a locally maximal hyperbolic set $\widetildeΛ$ such that $Λ\subset \widetildeΛ \subset V $? We show that such examples are present in linear anosov diffeomorophisms of $\mathbb{T}^3$, and are therefore robust. Also we construct new examples of sets that are not contained in any locally maximal hyperbolic set. The…
We give a finitary criterion for the convergence of measures on non-elementary geometrically finite hyperbolic orbifolds to the unique measure of maximal entropy. We give an entropy criterion controlling escape of mass to the cusps of the orbifold. Using this criterion we prove new results on the distribution of collections of closed geodesics on such orbifold, and as a corollary we prove equidistribution of closed geodesics up to a certain length in amenable regular covers of geometrically finite orbifolds.
We show that a sectional-hyperbolic attracting set for a Hölder-$C^1$ vector field admits finitely many physical/SRB measures whose ergodic basins cover Lebesgue almost all points of the basin of topological attraction. In addition, these physical measures depend continuously on the flow in the $C^1$ topology, that is, sectional-hyperbolic attracting sets are statistically stable. To prove these results we show that each central-unstable disk in a neighborhood of this class of attracting sets is eventually expanded to contain a ball whose inner radius is uniformly bounded away from zero.
We show that the stable and unstable sets of non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes arising in some heteroclinic bifurcations of surface diffeomorphisms have the value conjectured in a previous work by the second and third authors of the present paper. Our results apply to first heteroclinic bifurcations associated to horseshoes with Hausdorff dimension $<22/21$ of conservative surface diffeomorphisms.
A {\em singular hyperbolic set} is a partially hyperbolic set with singularities (all hyperbolic) and volume expanding central direction \cite{MPP1}. We study connected, singular-hyperbolic, attracting sets with dense closed orbits {\em and only one singularity}. These sets are shown to be transitive for most $C^r$ flows in the Baire's second category sence. In general these sets are shown to be either transitive or the union of two homoclinic classes. In the later case we prove the existence of finitely many homoclinic classes. Our results generalize for singular-hyperbolic systems a well kno…
For a surface diffeomorphism, a compact invariant locally maximal set $W$ and some subset $A\subset W$ we study the $A$-exceptional set, that is, the set of points whose orbits do not accumulate at $A$. We show that if the Hausdorff dimension of $A$ is smaller than the Hausdorff dimension $d$ of some ergodic hyperbolic measure, then the topological entropy of the exceptional set is at least the entropy of this measure and its Hausdorff dimension is at least $d$. Particular consequences occur when there is some a priori defined hyperbolic structure on $W$ and, for example, if there exists an SR…
On geometrically finite negatively curved surfaces, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a one-sided horocycle $(h^s u)_{s\ge 0}$ to be dense in the nonwandering set of the geodesic flow. We prove that all dense one-sided orbits $(h^su)_{s\ge 0}$ are equidistributed, extending results of [Bu] and [Scha2] where symmetric horocycles $(h^su)_{s\in\R}$ were considered.
For diffeomorphisms or for non-singular flows, there are many results relating properties persistent under C1 perturbations and global structures for the dynamics ( such as hyperbolicity, partial hyperbolicity, dominated splitting). However, a difículty appears when a robust property of a flow holds on a set containing recurrent orbits accumulating a singular point. In [BdL] with Christan Bonatti we propose a a general procedure for adapting the usual hyperbolic structures to the singularities. In this paper, using this tool, we recover the results in [BDP] for flows, showing that robustly cha…
Given a $C^{1+γ}$ hyperbolic Cantor set $C$, we study the sequence $C_{n,x}$ of Cantor subsets which nest down toward a point $x$ in $C$. We show that $C_{n,x}$ is asymptotically equal to an ergodic Cantor set valued process. The values of this process, called limit sets, are indexed by a Hölder continuous set-valued function defined on D. Sullivan's dual Cantor set. We show the limit sets are themselves $C^{k+γ}, C^\infty$ or $C^ω$ hyperbolic Cantor sets, with the highest degree of smoothness which occurs in the $C^{1+γ}$ conjugacy class of $C$. The proof of this leads to the following rigidi…
We investigate the distribution of orbits of a non-elementary discrete hyperbolic group acting on the n-dimensional hyperbolic space and its geometric boundary. In particular, we show that if the group $Γ$ admits a finite Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure (for instance, if it is geometrically finite), then every $Γ$-orbit in the hyperbolic space is equidistributed with respect to the Patterson-Sullivan measure supported on the limit set of $Γ$.The appendix by Maucourant is the extension of a part of his thesis where he obtains the same result as a simple application of Roblin's theorem. Our appr…
In the case of smooth non-invertible maps which are hyperbolic on folded basic sets $Λ$, we give approximations for the Gibbs states (equilibrium measures) of arbitrary Hölder potentials, with the help of weighted sums of atomic measures on preimage sets of high order. Our endomorphism may have also stable directions on $Λ$, thus it is non-expanding in general. Folding of the phase space means that we do not have a foliation structure for the local unstable manifolds (they depend on the whole past and may intersect each other both inside and outside $Λ$), and moreover the number of preimages r…
It is well known that for $a>4$, the dynamical behaviors of the logistic map $f_a(x)=ax(1-x)$ on the maximal invariant compact set are "simple" which could be clearly explained by the theories of hyperbolic dynamics and symbolic dynamics. Is it possible that similar phenomena could be observed in general real polynomial maps? In this paper, we study this problem by investigating the real polynomial map $f_a(x)=ag(x)$, where $a$ is a parameter, and $g$ is a real-coefficient polynomial, which has at least two different real zeros or only one real zero.
For a real or complex one-dimensional map satisfying a weak hyperbolicity assumption, we study the existence and statistical properties of physical measures, with respect to geometric reference measures. We also study geometric properties of these measures.
Livšic theorem asserts that, for Anosov diffeomorphisms/flows, a Lipschitz observable is a coboundary if all its Birkhoff sums on every periodic orbits are equal to zero. The transfer function is then Lipschitz. We prove a positive Livšic theorem which asserts that a Lipschitz observable is bounded from below by a coboundary if and only if all its Birkhoff sums on periodic orbits are non negative. The new result is that the coboundary can be chosen Lipschitz. The map is only assumed to be $C^1$ and hyperbolic, but not necessarily bijective nor transitive. We actually prove our main result in t…
In this paper, we improve the known estimates for the invariance entropy of a nonlinear control system. For sets of complete approximate controllability we derive an upper bound in terms of Lyapunov exponents and for uniformly hyperbolic sets we obtain a similar lower bound. Both estimates can be applied to hyperbolic chain control sets, and we prove that under mild assumptions they can be merged into a formula.
