The standard reduced bar complex B(A) of a differential graded algebra A inherits a natural commutative algebra structure if A is a commutative algebra. We address an extension of this construction in the context of E-infinity algebras. We prove that the bar complex of any E-infinity algebra can be equipped with the structure of an E-infinity algebra so that the bar construction defines a functor from E-infinity algebras to E-infinity algebras. We prove the homotopy uniqueness of such natural E-infinity structures on the bar construction.
We apply our construction to cochain complexes of topological spaces, which are instances of E-infinity algebras. We prove that the n-th iterated bar complexes of the cochain algebra of a space X is equivalent to the cochain complex of the n-fold iterated loop space of X, under reasonable connectedness, completeness and finiteness assumptions on X.
In this paper the Hochschild-cochain-complex of an A-infinity-algebra A with values in an A-infinity-bimodule M over A and maps between them is defined. Then, an infinity-inner-product on A is defined to be an A-infinity-bimodule-map between A and its dual A*. There is a graph-complex associated to A-infinity-algebras with infinity-inner-product.
Derived A-infinity algebras were developed recently by Sagave. Their advantage over classical A-infinity algebras is that no projectivity assumptions are needed to study minimal models of differential graded algebras. We explain how derived A-infinity algebras can be viewed as algebras over an operad. More specifically, we describe how this operad arises as a resolution of the operad dAs encoding bidgas. This generalises the established result describing the operad A-infinity as a resolution of the operad As encoding associative algebras. We further show Sagave's definition of morphisms agrees…
The notion of a derived A-infinity algebra arose in the work of Sagave as a natural generalisation of the classical A-infinity algebra, relevant to the case where one works over a commutative ring rather than a field. We develop some of the basic operadic theory of derived A-infinity algebras, building on work of Livernet-Roitzheim-Whitehouse. In particular, we study the coalgebras over the Koszul dual cooperad of the operad dAs, and provide a simple description of these. We study representations of derived A-infinity algebras and explain how these are a two-sided version of Sagave's modules o…
We calculate the higher homotopy groups of the Deligne-Getzler infinity-groupoid associated to a nilpotent L-infinity algebra. As an application, we present a new approach to the rational homotopy theory of mapping spaces.
We give a self contained introduction to A$_\infty$-algebras, A$_\infty$-bimodules and maps between them. The case of A$_\infty$-bimodule-map between $A$ and its dual space $A^{*}$, which we call $\infty$-inner-product, will be investigated in detail. In particular, we describe the graph complex associated to $\infty$-inner-product. In a later paper, we show how $\infty$-inner-products can be used to model the string topology BV-algebra on the free loop space of a Poincaré duality space.
We proved in a previous article that the bar complex of an E-infinity algebra inherits a natural E-infinity algebra structure. As a consequence, a well-defined iterated bar construction B^n(A) can be associated to any algebra over an E-infinity operad. In the case of a commutative algebra A, our iterated bar construction reduces to the standard iterated bar complex of A. The first purpose of this paper is to give a direct effective definition of the iterated bar complexes of E-infinity algebras. We use this effective definition to prove that the n-fold bar complex B^n(A) admits an extension to…
In this paper we introduce the concept of L-algebras, which can be seen as a generalization of the structure determined by the Eilenberg-Mac lane transformation and Alexander-Whitney diagonal in chain complexes. In this sense, our main result states that L-algebras are endowed with an E-infinity coalgebra struture, like the one determined by the Barrat-Eccles operad in chain complexes. This results implies that the canonical L-algebra of spaces contains as much homotopy information as its usually associated E-infinity coalgebras, suggesting L-algebras as a tool for the study of homotopy types.
The notion of a derived A-infinity algebra, considered by Sagave, is a generalization of the classical notion of A-infinity algebra, relevant to the case where one works over a commutative ring rather than a field. We initiate a study of the homotopy theory of these algebras, by introducing a hierarchy of notions of homotopy between the morphisms of such algebras. We define r-homotopy, for non-negative integers r, in such a way that r-homotopy equivalences underlie E_r-quasi-isomorphisms, defined via an associated spectral sequence. We study the special case of twisted complexes (also known as…
Given a flat connection on a manifold with values in a filtered L-infinity-algebra, we construct a morphism of coalgebras that generalizes the holonomies of flat connections with values in Lie algebras. The construction is based on Gugenheim's A-infinity version of de Rham's theorem, which in turn is based on Chen's iterated integrals. Finally, we discuss examples related to the geometry of configuration spaces of points in Euclidean space, and to generalizations of the holonomy representations of braid groups.
We construct E-infinity cell algebra models for the cochain algebras of the free and based loop spaces on a simply-connected topological space. Techniques from rational homotopy theory are exploited throughout.
An A-infinity bialgebra of type (m,n) is a Hopf algebra H equipped with a "compatible" operation ω: H^{\otimes m} \to H^{\otimes n} of positive degree. We determine the structure relations for A-infinity bialgebras of type (m,n) and construct a purely algebraic example for each m \geq 2 and m+n \geq 4.
It is well known that the differential graded operad of A_infinity-algebras is a cofibrant replacement (a dg-resolution) of the operad of associative differential graded algebras without units. In this article we find a cofibrant replacement of the operad of associative differential graded algebras with units. Algebras over it are called homotopy unital A_infinity-algebras. We prove that the operad bimodule of A_infinity-morphisms is a cofibrant replacement of the operad bimodule of morphisms of dg-algebras without units. Similarly we show that the operad bimodule of homotopy unital A_infinity…
We introduce a notion of Koszul A-infinity algebra that generalizes Priddy's notion of a Koszul algebra and we use it to construct small A-infinity algebra models for Hochschild cochains. As an application, this yields new techniques for computing free loop space homology algebras of manifolds that are either formal or coformal (over a field or over the integers). We illustrate these techniques in two examples.
We develop a notion of an algebra over an infinity-operad with values in infinity-categories which is completely intrinsic to the formalism of dendroidal sets. Its definition involves the notion of a coCartesian fibration of dendroidal sets and extends Lurie's definition of a coCartesian fibration of simplicial sets. We show how, for a dendroidal set X, the coCartesian fibrations over X fit together to form an infinity-category coCart(X). Using a generalization of the Grothendieck construction, we prove that coCart(X) is equivalent to the infinity-category of algebras in infinity-categories ov…
We show that the sum over planar trees formula of Kontsevich and Soibelman transfers C-infinity structures along a contraction. Applying this result to a cosimplicial commutative algebra A^* over a field of characteristic zero, we exhibit a canonical unital C-infinity structure on Tot(A^*), which is unital if A^* is; in particular, we obtain a canonical C-infinity structure on the cochain complex of a simplicial set.
We introduce a strong homotopy notion of a cyclic symmetric inner product of an A-infinity algebra and prove a characterization theorem in the formalism of the infinity inner products by Tradler. We also show that it is equivalent to the notion of a non-constant symplectic structure on the corresponding formal non-commutative supermanifold. We show that (open Gromov-Witten type) potential for a cyclic filtered A-infinity algebra is invariant under the cyclic filtered A-infinity homomorphism up to reparametrization, cyclization and a constant addition, generalizing the work of Kajiura.
A differential graded algebra can be viewed as an A-infinity algebra. By a theorem of Kadeishvili, a dga over a field admits a quasi-isomorphism from a minimal A-infinity algebra. We introduce the notion of a derived A-infinity algebra and show that any dga A over an arbitrary commutative ground ring k is equivalent to a minimal derived A-infinity algebra. Such a minimal derived A-infinity algebra model for A is a k-projective resolution of the homology algebra of A together with a family of maps satisfying appropriate relations. As in the case of A-infinity algebras, it is possible to recover…
We construct a symmetric monoidal category $LIE^{MC}$ whose objects are shifted L-infinity algebras equipped with a complete descending filtration. Morphisms of this category are "enhanced" infinity morphisms between shifted L-infinity algebras. We prove that any category enriched over $LIE^{MC}$ can be integrated to a simplicial category whose mapping spaces are Kan complexes. The advantage gained by using enhanced morphisms is that we can see much more of the simplicial world from the L-infinity algebra point of view. We use this construction in a subsequent paper to produce a simplicial mod…
Let A be a connected graded algebra and let E denote its Ext-algebra. There is a natural A-infinity algebra structure on E, and we prove that this structure is mainly determined by the relations of A. In particular, the coefficients of the A-infinity products m_n restricted to the tensor powers of Ext^1 give the coefficients of the relations of A. We also relate the m_n's to Massey products.
We give a source of examples of H_infinity ring structures that do not lift to E_infinity ring structures, based on Mandell's equivalence between certain cochain algebras and spaces.
We describe the E-infinity algebra structure on the complex of singular cochains of a topological space, in the context of sheaf theory. As a first application, for any algebraic variety we define a weight filtration compatible with its E-infinity structure. This naturally extends the theory of mixed Hodge structures in rational homotopy to p-adic homotopy theory. The spectral sequence associated to the weight filtration gives a new family of multiplicative algebraic invariants of the varieties for any coefficient ring, carrying Steenrod operations. As a second application, we promote Deligne'…
Previous work constructed a generalized truncated Brown-Peterson spectrum of chromatic height 2 at the prime 2 as an E_infinity-ring spectrum, based on the study of elliptic curves with level-3 structure. We show that the natural map forgetting this level structure induces an E_infinity-ring map from the spectrum of topological modular forms to this truncated Brown-Peterson spectrum, and that this orientation fits into a diagram of E_infinity-ring spectra lifting a classical diagram of modules over the mod-2 Steenrod algebra. In an appendix we document how to organize Morava's forms of K-theor…
We study several homotopical and geometric properties of Maurer-Cartan spaces for L-infinity algebras which are not nilpotent, but only filtered in a suitable way. Such algebras play a key role especially in the deformation theory of algebraic structures. In particular, we prove that the Maurer-Cartan simplicial set preserves fibrations and quasi-isomorphisms. Then we present an algebraic geometry viewpoint on Maurer-Cartan moduli sets, and we compute the tangent complex of the associated algebraic stack.
Given an n-term L-infinity algebra L, we construct a Kan simplicial manifold which we think of as the 'Lie n-group' integrating L. This extends work of Getzler math.AT/0404003 . In the case of an ordinary Lie algebra, our construction gives the simplicial classifying space of the corresponding simply connect Lie group. In the case of the string Lie 2-algebra of Baez and Crans, this recovers the model of the string group introduced in math.QA/0504123 .
For A a dg (or A-infinity) algebra and M a module over A, we study the image of the characteristic morphism $χ_M: HH^*(A, A) \to Ext_A(M, M)$ and its interaction with the higher structure on the Yoneda algebra $Ext_A(M, M)$. To this end, we introduce and study a notion of A-infinity centre for minimal A-infinity algebras, agreeing with the usual centre in the case that there is no higher structure. We show that the image of $χ_M$ lands in the A-infinity centre of $Ext_A(M, M)$. When A is augmented over k, we show (under mild connectedness assumptions) that the morphism $χ_k: HH^*(A, A) \to Ext…
In previous work we showed that the contact category algebra of a quadrangulated surface is isomorphic to the homology of a strand algebra from bordered sutured Floer theory. Being isomorphic to the homology of a differential graded algebra, this contact category algebra has an A-infinity structure, allowing us to combine contact structures not just by gluing, but also by higher-order operations. In this paper we investigate such A-infinity structures and higher order operations on contact structures. We give explicit constructions of such A-infinity structures, and establish some of their pro…
To any manifold equipped with a higher degree closed form, one can associate an L-infinity algebra of local observables that generalizes the Poisson algebra of a symplectic manifold. Here, by means of an explicit homotopy equivalence, we interpret this L-infinity algebra in terms of infinitesimal autoequivalences of higher prequantum bundles. By truncating the connection data on the prequantum bundle, we produce analogues of the (higher) Lie algebras of sections of the Atiyah Lie algebroid and of the Courant Lie 2-algebroid. We also exhibit the L-infinity cocycle that realizes the L-infinity a…
We study the twisted cohomology groups of $A_\infty$-algebras defined by twisting elements and their behavior under morphisms and homotopies using the bar construction. We define higher Massey products on the cohomology groups of general $A_\infty$-algebras and establish the naturality under morphisms and their dependency on defining systems. The above constructions are also considered for $C_\infty$-algebras. We construct a spectral sequence converging to the twisted cohomology groups an show that the higher differentials are given by the $A_\infty$-algebraic Massey products.
We adapt the classical framework of algebraic theories to work in the setting of (infinity,1)-categories developed by Joyal and Lurie. This gives a suitable approach for describing highly structured objects from homotopy theory. A central example, treated at length, is the theory of E_infinity spaces: this has a tidy combinatorial description in terms of span diagrams of finite sets. We introduce a theory of distributive laws, allowing us to describe objects with two distributing E_infinity stuctures. From this we produce a theory of E_infinity ring spaces. We also study grouplike objects, and…
In a first part of this paper, we introduce a homology theory for infinity-operads and for dendroidal spaces which extends the usual homology of differential graded operads defined in terms of the bar construction, and we prove some of its basic properties. In a second part, we define general bar and cobar constructions. These constructions send infinity-operads to infinity-cooperads and vice versa, and define an adjoint bar-cobar (or "Koszul") duality. Somewhat surprisingly, this duality is shown to hold much more generally between arbitrary presheaves and copresheaves on the category of tree…
We establish a correspondence between infinity-enhanced Leibniz algebras, recently introduced in order to encode tensor hierarchies, and differential graded Lie algebras, which have been already used in this context. We explain how any Leibniz algebra gives rise to a differential graded Lie algebra with a corresponding infinity-enhanced Leibniz algebra. Moreover, by a theorem of Getzler, this differential graded Lie algebra canonically induces an $L_\infty$-algebra structure on the suspension of the underlying chain complex. We explicitly give the brackets to all orders and show that they agre…
In this paper we study a natural extension of Kontsevich's characteristic class construction for A-infinity and L-infinity algebras to the case of curved algebras. These define homology classes on a variant of his graph homology which allows vertices of valence >0. We compute this graph homology, which is governed by star-shaped graphs with odd-valence vertices. We also classify nontrivially curved cyclic A-infinity and L-infinity algebras over a field up to gauge equivalence, and show that these are essentially reduced to algebras of dimension at most two with only even-ary operations. We app…
We show that morphisms from n A_infinity-algebras to a single one are maps over an operad module with n+1 commuting actions of the operad A_infinity, whose algebras are conventional A_infinity-algebras. Similar statement holds for homotopy unital A_infinity-algebras. The operad A_infinity and modules over it have two useful gradings related by isomorphisms which change the degree. The composition of A_infinity-morphisms with several entries is presented as a convolution of a coalgebra-like and an algebra-like structures. For this sake notions of lax Cat-span multicategories and multifunctors a…
We extend the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the computation of the homotopy groups of the space of minimal A-infinity algebra structures on a graded projective module. We use the new part to define obstructions to the extension of truncated minimal A-infinity algebra structures. We also consider the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the moduli space of A-infinity algebras. We compute up to the second page, terms and differentials, of these spectral sequences in terms of Hochschild cohomology.
Let O be a topological (colored) operad. The Lurie infinity-category of O-algebras with values in (infinity-category of) complexes is compared to the infinity-category underlying the model category of (classical) dg O-algebras. This can be interpreted as a "rectification" result for Lurie operad algebras. A similar result is obtained for modules over operad algebras, as well as for algebras over topological PROPs.
Given a coalgebra C over a cooperad, and an algebra A over an operad, it is often possible to define a natural homotopy Lie algebra structure on hom(C,A), the space of linear maps between them, called the convolution algebra of C and A. In the present article, we use convolution algebras to define the deformation complex for infinity-morphisms of algebras over operads and coalgebras over cooperads. We also complete the study of the compatibility between convolution algebras and infinity-morphisms of algebras and coalgebras. We prove that the convolution algebra bifunctor can be extended to a b…
We show that the canonical map from the associative operad to the unital associative operad is a homotopy epimorphism for a wide class of symmetric monoidal model categories. As a consequence, the space of unital associative algebra structures on a given object is up to homotopy a subset of connected components of the space of non-unital associative algebra structures.
In this paper, we present an infinity-categorical version of the theory of monoidal categories. We show that the infinity category of spectra admits an essentially unique monoidal structure (such that the tensor product preserves colimits in each variable), and thereby recover the classical smash-product operation on spectra. We develop a general theory of algebras in a monoidal infinity category, which we use to (re)prove some basic results in the theory of associative ring spectra. We also develop an infinity-categorical theory of monads, and prove a version of the Barr-Beck theorem.
We prove a filtered version of the Homotopy Transfer Theorem which gives an A-infinity algebra structure on any page of the spectral sequence associated to a filtered dg-algebra. We then develop various applications to the study of the geometry and topology of complex manifolds, using the Hodge filtration, as well as to complex algebraic varieties, using mixed Hodge theory
The Deligne groupoid is a functor from nilpotent differential graded Lie algebras concentrated in positive degrees to groupoids; in the special case of Lie algebras over a field of characteristic zero, it gives the associated simply connected Lie group. We generalize the Deligne groupoid to a functor gamma from L-infinity algebras concentrated in degree >-n to n-groupoids. (We actually construct the nerve of the n-groupoid, which is an enriched Kan complex.) The construction of gamma is quite explicit (it is based on Dupont's proof of the de Rham theorem) and yields higher dimensional analogue…
We study in this article a possible further structure of homotopic nature on multiplicative spectral sequences. More precisely, since Kadeishvili's theorem asserts that, given a dg (or A-infinity-)algebra, its cohomology has also a structure of A-infinity-algebra such that both become quasi-isomorphic, and in a multiplicative spectral sequence one considers the cohomology of dg algebras when moving from a term to the next one, a natural problem that arises is to study how this two possible structures intertwine. We give such a homotopic structure proposal, called A-infinity-enhancement of mult…
In this paper we consider $L_{\infty}$-algebras equipped with complete descending filtrations. We prove that, under some mild conditions, an $L_{\infty}$ quasi-isomorphism $U: L \to \tilde{L}$ induces a weak equivalence between the Deligne-Getzler-Hinich (DGH) $\infty$-groupoids corresponding to $L$ and $\tilde{L}$, respectively. This paper may be considered as a modest addition to foundational paper arXiv:math/0404003 by Ezra Getzler.
In this paper we will study deformations of A-infinity algebras. We will also answer questions relating to Moore algebras which are one of the simplest nontrivial examples of an A-infinity algebra. We will compute the Hochschild cohomology of odd Moore algebras and classify them up to a unital weak equivalence. We will construct miniversal deformations of particular Moore algebras and relate them to the universal odd and even Moore algebras. Finally we will conclude with an investigation of formal one-parameter deformations of an A-infinity algebra.
The goal of this article is to describe several presentations of the infinity category of algebras over some monad on the infinity category of chain complexes.
We extend homological perturbation theory to encompass algebraic structures governed by operads and cooperads. The main difficulty is to find a suitable notion of algebra homotopy that generalizes to algebras over operads O. To solve this problem, we introduce what we call thick maps of O-algebras and special thick maps that we call pseudo-derivations, which serve as appropriate generalizations of algebra homotopies for the purposes of homological perturbation theory. As an application, we derive explicit formulas for transferring Cobar(C)-algebra structures along contractions, where C is any …
Quantum Chern-Simons invariants of differentiable manifolds are analyzed from the point of view of homological algebra. Given a manifold M and a Lie (or, more generally, an L-infinity) algebra g, the vector space H^*(M) \otimes g has the structure of an L-infinity algebra whose homotopy type is a homotopy invariant of M. We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for this L-infinity algebra to have a quantum lift. We also obtain structural results on unimodular L-infinity algebras and introduce a doubling construction which links unimodular and cyclic L-infinity algebras.
We relate a construction of Kadeishvili's establishing an A-infinity-structure on the homology of a differential graded algebra or more generally of an A-infinity algebra with certain constructions of Chen and Gugenheim. Thereafter we establish the links of these constructions with subsequent developments.
We give a construction of an L-infinity map from any L-infinity algebra into its truncated Chevalley-Eilenberg complex as well as its cyclic and A-infinity analogues. This map fits with the inclusion into the full Chevalley-Eilenberg complex (or its respective analogues) to form a homotopy fiber sequence of L-infinity-algebras. Application to deformation theory and graph homology are given. We employ the machinery of Maurer-Cartan functors in L-infinity and A-infinity algebras and associated twistings which should be of independent interest.
In this paper we describe a construction which produces classes in a compactification of the moduli space of curves. This construction extends a construction of Kontsevich which produces classes in the open moduli space from the initial data of a cyclic A-infinity algebra. The initial data for our construction is what we call a `quantum A-infinity algebra', which arises as a type of deformation of a cyclic A-infinity algebra. The deformation theory for these structures is described explicitly. We construct a family of examples of quantum A-infinity algebras which extend a family of cyclic A-in…
We study the application of IBL-infinity-algebras to string topology and explicitly compute the case of spheres. This involves finding a Green kernel and computing integrals associated to trivalent ribbon graphs, which are similar to integrals from perturbative Chern-Simons theory. We generalize the computation and show that the twisted IBL-infinity-structure in question is in many cases trivial.
Algebraic quantum field theory and prefactorization algebra are two mathematical approaches to quantum field theory. In this monograph, using a new coend definition of the Boardman-Vogt construction of a colored operad, we define homotopy algebraic quantum field theories and homotopy prefactorization algebras and investigate their homotopy coherent structures. Homotopy coherent diagrams, homotopy inverses, A-infinity-algebras, E-infinity-algebras, and E-infinity-modules arise naturally in this context. In particular, each homotopy algebraic quantum field theory has the structure of a homotopy …
We show that an A-infinity algebra structure can be transferred to a projective resolution of the complex underlying any A-infinity algebra. Under certain connectedness assumptions, this transferred structure is unique up to homotopy. In contrast to the classical results on transfer of A-infinity structures along homotopy equivalences, our result is of interest when the ground ring is not a field. We prove an analog for A-infinity module structures, and both transfer results preserve strict units.
We define a category parameterizing Calabi-Yau algebra objects in an infinity category of spans. Using this category, we prove that there are equivalences of infinity categories relating, firstly: 2-Segal simplicial objects in C to algebra objects in Span(C); and secondly: 2-Segal cyclic objects in C to Calabi-Yau algebra objects in Span(C).
This paper studies the homotopy theory of algebras and homotopy algebras over an operad. It provides an exhaustive description of their higher homotopical properties using the more general notion of morphisms called infinity-morphisms. The method consists in using the operadic calculus to endow the category of coalgebras over the Koszul dual cooperad or the bar construction with a new type of model category structure, Quillen equivalent to that of algebras. We provide an explicit homotopy equivalence for infinity-morphisms, which gives a simple description of the homotopy category, and we endo…
In this paper, we provide a conceptual new construction of the algebraic structure on the pair of the Hochschild cohomology spectrum (cochain complex) and Hochschild homology spectrum, which is analogous to the structure of calculus on a manifold. This algebraic structure is encoded by a two-colored operad introduced by Kontsevich and Soibelman. We prove that for a stable idempotent-complete infinity-category, the pair of its Hochschild cohomology and homology spectra naturally admits the structure of algebra over the operad. Moreover, we prove a generalization to the equivariant context.
