D. Khavinson and G. Swiatek proved that harmonic polynomials p(z)+q(z), where p is holomorphic, q is antiholomorphic, and deg p = n > 1 = deg q, can have at most 3n-2 complex zeros. We show that this bound is sharp for all n by proving a conjecture of Sarason and Crofoot about the existence of holomorphic polynomials p which map all critical points to their complex conjugates. We also count the number of equivalence classes of real polynomials solving this system of equations. The methods employed rely on Thurston's characterization of post-critically finite rational maps, in particular the results on polynomials by S. Levy and A. Poirier.
We find a new lower bound for the maximal number of zeros to harmonic polynomials, $p(z)+\overline{q(z)}$, when ${\rm deg}\, p = n$ and ${\rm deg}\, q = n-2$.
For analytic functions in the unit disk, general bounds on the Schwarzian derivative in terms of Nehari functions are shown to imply uniform local univalence and in some cases finite and bounded valence. Similar results are obtained for the Weierstrass--Enneper lifts of planar harmonic mappings to their associated minimal surfaces. Finally certain classes of harmonic mappings are shown to have finite Schwarzian norm.
In 1984, Gehring and Pommerenke proved that if the Schwarzian derivative $S(f)$ of a locally univalent analytic function $f$ in the unit disk satisfies that $\limsup_{|z|\to 1} |S(f)(z)| (1-|z|^2)^2 < 2$, then there exists a positive integer $N$ such that $f$ takes every value at most $N$ times. Recently, Becker and Pommerenke have shown that the same result holds in those cases when the function $f$ satisfies that $\limsup_{|z|\to 1} |f"(z)/f'(z)|\, (1-|z|^2)< 1$. In this paper, we generalize these two criteria for bounded valence of analytic functions to the cases when $f$ is merely harmonic…
The valence of a function $f$ at a point $w$ is the number of distinct, finite solutions to $f(z) = w$. Let $f$ be a complex-valued harmonic function in an open set $R \subseteq \mathbb{C}$. Let $S$ denote the critical set of $f$ and $C(f)$ the global cluster set of $f$. We show that $f(S) \cup C(f)$ partitions the complex plane into regions of constant valence. We give some conditions such that $f(S) \cup C(f)$ has empty interior. We also show that a component $R_0 \subseteq R \backslash f^{-1}(f(S) \cup C(f))$ is a $n_0$-fold covering of some component $Ω_0 \subseteq \mathbb{C} \backslash (f…
We extend the classical Schwarz-Pick inequality to the class of harmonic mappings between the unit disk and a Jordan domain with given perimeter. It is intriguing that the extremals in this case are certain harmonic diffeomorphisms between the unit disk and a convex domain that solve the Beltrami equation of second order.
Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Guangxi Normal University（广西师范大学）；College of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University（湖南师范大学）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University（湖南师范大学）
The purpose of this paper is to study the Schwarz-Pick type inequalities for harmonic or pluriharmonic functions. By analogy with the generalized Khavinson conjecture, we first give some sharp estimates of the norm of harmonic functions from the Euclidean unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$ into the unit ball of the real Minkowski space. Next, we give several sharp Schwarz-Pick type inequalities for pluriharmonic functions from the Euclidean unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^n$ or from the unit polydisc in $\mathbb{C}^n$ into the unit ball of the Minkowski space. Furthermore, we establish some sharp coefficien…
A class $ \mathcal{F} $ consisting of analytic functions $ f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nz^n $ in the unit disc $ \mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1\} $ satisfies a Bohr phenomenon if there exists an $ r_f>0 $ such that \begin{equation*} I_f(r):=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}|a_n|r^n\leq{d}\left(f(0),\partial \mathbb{D}\right) \end{equation*} for every function $ f\in\mathcal{F} $, and $ |z|=r\leq r_f $. The largest radius $ r_f $ is the Bohr radius and the inequality $ I_f(r)\leq{d}\left(f(0),\partial \mathbb{D}\right) $ is Bohr inequality for the class $ \mathcal{F} $, where `$ d $' is the Euclidean distan…
A sharp version of a recent inequality of Kovalev and Yang on the ratio of the $(H^1)^\ast$ and $H^4$ norms for certain polynomials is obtained. The inequality is applied to establish a sharp and tractable sufficient condition for the Wirtinger derivatives at the origin for harmonic self-maps of the unit disc which fix the origin.
Growth type theorems of harmonic $(K,K_{0})$-quasiregular mappings
Center for Applied Mathematics of Guangxi, Guangxi Normal University（广西师范大学应用数学中心）；College of Mathematics and Statistics, Hengyang Normal University（衡阳师范学院数学与统计学院）
We prove some sharp inequalities for complex harmonic functions on the unit disk. The results extend a M. Riesz conjugate function theorem and some well-known estimates for holomorphic functions. We apply some of results to the isoperimetric inequality for harmonic mappings.
Let $f=h+\overline{g}$ be a normalized harmonic mapping in the unit disk $\ID$. In this paper, we obtain the sharp radius of univalence, fully starlikeness and fully convexity of the harmonic linear differential operators $D_f^ε=zf_{z}-ε\overline{z}f_{\overline{z}}~(|ε|=1)$ and $F_λ(z)=(1-λ)f+λD_f^ε~(0\leqλ\leq 1)$ when the coefficients of $h$ and $g$ satisfy harmonic Bieberbach coefficients conjecture conditions. Similar problems are also solved when the coefficients of $h$ and $g$ satisfy the corresponding necessary conditions of the harmonic convex function $f=h+\overline{g}$. All results a…
Assume that $p\in[1,\infty]$ and $u=P_{h}[ϕ]$, where $ϕ\in L^{p}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1},\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $u(0) = 0$. Then we obtain the sharp inequality $|u(x)|\le G_p(|x|)\|ϕ\|_{L^{p}}$ for some smooth function $G_p$ vanishing at $0$. Moreover, we obtain an explicit form of the sharp constant $C_p$ in the inequality $\|Du(0)\|\le C_p\|ϕ\|_{L^{p}}$. These two results generalize and extend some known result from harmonic mapping theory (\cite[Theorem 2.1]{kalaj2018}) and hyperbolic harmonic theory (\cite[Theorem 1]{bur}).
In this article, we prove the Riesz - Fejér inequality for complex-valued harmonic functions in the harmonic Hardy space ${\bf h}^p$ for all $p > 1$. The result is sharp for $p \in (1,2]$. Moreover, we prove two variant forms of Riesz-Fejér inequality for harmonic functions, for the special case $p=2$.
In this paper we sharpen significantly several known estimates on the maximal number of zeros of complex harmonic polynomials. We also study the relation between the curvature of critical lemniscates and its impact on geometry of caustics and the number of zeros of harmonic polynomials.
Sharp mean-width and Jacobian bounds for Euclidean and hyperbolic harmonic maps
Institute of Applied Mathematics, Shenzhen Polytechnic University（深圳职业技术学院应用数学研究所）；Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro（黑山大学自然科学与数学学院）
Let $f(z)=h(z)+\overline{g(z)}$ be a harmonic mapping of the unit disk $U$. In this paper, the sharp coefficient estimates for bounded planar harmonic mappings are established, the sharp coefficient estimates for normalized planar harmonic mappings with $|h(z)|+|g(z)|\leq M$ are also provided. As their applications, Landau's theorems for certain biharmonic mappings are provided, which improve and refine the related results of earlier authors.
This paper deals with an extremal problem for harmonic functions in the unit ball of $\mathbf{R}^n$. We are concerned with the pointwise sharp estimates for the gradient of real--valued bounded harmonic functions. Our main result may be formulated as follows. The sharp constants in the estimates for the absolute value of the radial derivative and the modulus of the gradient of a bounded harmonic function coincide near the boundary of the unit ball. This result partially confirms a conjecture posed by D. Khavinson.
In this paper, we determine the sharp estimates for Toeplitz determinants of a subclass of close-to-convex harmonic mappings. Moreover, we obtain an improved version of Bohr's inequalities for a subclass of close-to-convex harmonic mappings, whose analytic parts are Ma-Minda convex functions.
Concrete sharp constants in a pointwise estimate of the gradient of a harmonic function in the unit disk are obtained under the assumption that function belong to Hardy space $h^p$, $p\ge 1$. This generalizes some recent result of Maz'ya & Kresin and a result of Colonna related to the Bloch constant of harmonic mappings of the unit disk into itself.
A representation of the sharp constant in a pointwise estimate of the gradient of a harmonic function in a multidimensional half-space is obtained under the assumption that function's boundary values belong to $L^p$. This representation is concretized for the cases $p=1, 2,$ and $\infty$.
We demonstrate counterexamples to Wilmshurst's conjecture on the valence of harmonic polynomials in the plane, and we conjecture a bound that is linear in the analytic degree for each fixed anti-analytic degree. Then we initiate a discussion of Wilmshurt's theorem in more than two dimensions, showing that if the zero set of a polynomial harmonic field is bounded then it must have codimension at least two. Examples are provided to show that this conclusion cannot be improved.
