Two applications of Nash-Williams' theory of barriers to sequences on Banach spaces are presented: The first one is the $c_0$-saturation of $C(K)$, $K$ countable compacta. The second one is the construction of weakly-null sequences generalizing the example of Maurey-Rosenthal.
In this paper, the split common null point problem in two Banach spaces is considered. Then, using the generalized resolvents of maximal monotone operators and the generalized projections and an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings, a strong convergence theorem for finding a solution of the split common null point problem in two Banach spaces in the presence of a sequence of errors will be proved.
The notion of Aronszajn-null sets generalizes the notion of Lebesgue measure zero on the real line and the Euclidean space to infinite dimensional Banach spaces. We present a game-theoretic approach to Aronszajn-null sets, establish its basic properties, and discuss the ensuing open problems.
The hierarchy of the block bases of transfinite normalized averages of a normalized Schauder basic sequence is introduced and a criterion is given for a normalized weakly null sequence in C(K), the Banach space of scalar valued functions continuous on the compact metric space K, to admit a block basis of normalized averages equivalent to the unit vector basis of c_0, the Banach space of null scalar sequences. As an application of this criterion, it is shown that every normalized weakly null sequence in C(K), for countable K, admits a block basis of normalized averages equivalent to the unit ve…
Haar null sets were introduced by J.P.R. Christensen in 1972 to extend the notion of sets with zero Haar measure to nonlocally compact Polish groups. In 2013, U.B. Darij defined a categorical version of Haar null sets, which he named Haar meagre sets. The present paper aims to show that, whenever $C$ is a closed, convex subset of a separable Banach space, $C$ is Haar null if and only if $C$ is Haar meagre. We then use this fact to improve a theorem of E. Matoušková and to solve a conjecture proposed by Esterle, Matheron and Moreau. Finally, we apply the main theorem to find a characterisation …
We study the interplay between Banach space theory and theory of analytic P-ideals. Applying the observation that, up to isomorphism, all Banach spaces with unconditional bases can be constructed in a way very similar to the construction of analytic P-ideals from submeasures, we point out numerous symmetries between the two theories. Also, we investigate a special case, the interactions between combinatorics of families of finite sets, topological properties of the "Schreier type" Banach spaces associated to these families, and the complexity of ideals generated by the canonical bases in these…
We show that under a certain topological assumption on two compact hereditary families $\F$ and $\G$ on some infinite cardinal $κ$, the corresponding combinatorial spaces $X_\F$ and $X_\G$ are isometric if and only if there is a permutation of $κ$ inducing a homeomorphism between $\F$ and $\G$. We also prove that two different regular families $\F$ and $\G$ on $ω$ cannot be permuted one to the other. Both these results strengthen the main result of \cite{BrechFerencziTcaciuc}.
We show that the Rochberg spaces induced by complex interpolation form themselves complex interpolation scales, obtain the interpolated spaces and associated derivations. We present our results in the context of analytic families of Banach spaces and study the problem of determining the Rochberg spaces induced by these new families.
In this paper, we investigate more about relationship between $uaw$ -convergence (resp. $un$-convergence) and the weak convergence. More precisely, we characterize Banach lattices on which every weak null sequence is $uaw$-null. Also, we characterize order continuous Banach lattices under which every norm bounded $un$-null net (resp. sequence) is weakly null. As a consequence, we study relationship between sequentially $uaw$-compact operators and weakly compact operators. Also, it is proved that every continuous operator, from a Banach lattice $E$ into a non-zero Banach space $X$, is unbounded…
We construct dense Banach subalgebras $A$ of the null sequence algebra $c_0$ which are spectral invariant, but do not satisfy the $D_1$-condition $\|ab \|_A \leq K(\|a\|_{\infty} \|b\|_A + \|a \|_A \|b \|_{\infty})$, for all $a, b \in A$. The sequences in $A$ vanish in a skewed manner with respect to an unbounded function $σ\colon {\mathbb N} \rightarrow [1, \infty)$.
We prove that if $ C $ is a family of separable Banach spaces which is analytic with respect to the Effros-Borel structure and none member of $ C $ is isometrically universal for all separable Banach spaces, then there exists a separable Banach space with a monotone Schauder basis which is isometrically universal for $ C $ but still not for all separable Banach spaces. We also establish an analogous result for the class of strictly convex spaces.
An absolutely representing family of subspaces is a natural generalization of an absolutely representing system of subspaces and absolutely representing system (of elements). We obtain necessary an (or) sufficient conditions for a family of subspaces to be an absolutely representing family of subspaces and study properties of absolutely representing families of subspaces in Banach spaces. As an example, we study families of subspaces spanned by exponents.
Generalized almost disjoint families and injective Banach spaces
Institute of Mathematics, Czech Academy of Sciences(捷克科学院数学研究所);Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工业大学高等研究院)
In this paper we introduce a discrete fractional resolvent family $\{S_{α,β}^n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}_0}$ generated by a closed linear operator in a Banach space $X$ for a given $α,β>0.$ Moreover, we study its main properties and, as a consequence, we obtain a method to study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to discrete fractional difference equations in a Banach space.
We classify the closed ideals of bounded operators acting on the Banach spaces $\left(\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \ell_2^n\right)_{c_0} \oplus c_0(Γ)$ and $\left(\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} \ell_2^n\right)_{\ell_1} \oplus \ell_1(Γ)$ for every uncountable cardinal $Γ$.
In this paper, we define an analytical index for continuous families of Fredholm operators parameterized by a topological space $\mathbb{X}$ into a Banach space $X.$ We also consider the Weyl spectrum for continuous families of bounded linear operators and we study its continuity.
In this paper we show that every sequence (F_n) of finite dimensional subspaces of a real or complex Banach space with increasing dimensions can be ``refined'' to yield an F.D.D. (G_n), still having increasing dimensions, so that either every bounded sequence (x_n), with x_n in G_n for n in N, is weakly null, or every normalized sequence (x_n), with x_n in G_n for n in N, is equivalent to the unit vector basis of l_1. Crucial to the proof are two stabilization results concerning Lipschitz functions on finite dimensional normed spaces. These results also lead to other applications. We show, for…
The following dichotomy is established for a normalized weakly null sequence in a Banach space: Either every subsequence admits a convex block subsequence equivalent to the unit vector basis of c, the Banach space of null sequences under the supremum norm, or there exists a subsequence which is boundedly convexly complete. This result generalizes J. Elton's dichotomy on weakly null sequences.
In this paper we show that a countable, residually amenable group admits a proper isometric affine action on some uniformly convex Banach space if and only if one (or equivalently, all) of its box families admits a fibred cofinitely-coarse embedding into some uniformly convex Banach space.
We give a new proof to show that the complex interpolation for families of Banach spaces is not stable under rearrangement of the given family on the boundary, although, by a result due to Coifman, Cwikel, Rochberg, Sagher and Weiss, it is stable when the latter family takes only 2 values. The non-stability for families taking 3 values was first obtained by Cwikel and Janson. Our method links this problem to the theory of matrix-valued Toeplitz operator and we are able to characterize all the transformations on $\T$ that are invariant for complex interpolation at 0, they are precisely the orig…
We show that for every separable Banach space $X$, either $\spw(X)$ (the set of all spreading models of $X$ generated by weakly-null sequences in $X$, modulo equivalence) is countable, or $\spw(X)$ contains an antichain of the size of the continuum. This answers a question of S. J. Dilworth, E. Odell and B. Sari.
The authors lay the foundations for the study of normal families of holomorphic functions and mappings on an infinite-dimensional normed linear space. Characterizations of normal families, in terms of value distribution, spherical derivatives, and other geometric properties are derived. Montel-type theorems are established. A number of different topologies on spaces of holomorphic mappings are considered. Theorems about normal families are formulated and proved in the language of these various topologies. Normal functions are also introduced. Characterizations in terms of automorphisms and als…
In this paper, we analyze recurrent $C_{0}$-semigroups of bounded operators on Banach spaces. We also introduce the notion of a (uniformly) $C_{0}$-rigid semigroups of bounded operators and give a structural characterization of them. A characterization of a Li-Yorke chaoticity of the translation semigroup $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$ on weighted spaces of integrable functions and continuous functions in terms of admissible weight function is given. The recurrent $C_0$-semigroups induced by semiflows are characterized on the spaces of integrable functions and of spaces of continuous functions.
We prove a local version of Gowers' Ramsey-type theorem [Ann. Math. 156 (2002)], as well as local versions both of the Banach space first dichotomy (the "unconditional/HI" dichotomy) of Gowers [Ann. Math. 156 (2002)] and of the third dichotomy (the "minimal/tight" dichotomy) due to Ferenczi-Rosendal [J. Funct. Anal. 257 (2009)]. This means that we obtain versions of these dichotomies restricted to certain families of subspaces called D-families, of which several concrete examples are given. As a main example, non-Hilbertian spaces form D-families; therefore versions of the above properties for…
We show that a geodesic metric space which does not admit bilipschitz embeddings into Banach spaces with the Radon-Nikodým property does not necessarily contain a bilipschitz image of a thick family of geodesics. This is done by showing that any thick family of geodesics is not Markov convex, and comparing this result with results of Cheeger-Kleiner, Lee-Naor, and Li. The result contrasts with the earlier result of the author that any Banach space without the Radon-Nikodým property contains a bilipschitz image of a thick family of geodesics.
We study delta-points in Banach spaces $h_{\mathcal{A},p}$ generated by adequate families $\mathcal A$ where $1 \le p < \infty$. In the case the familiy $\mathcal A$ is regular and $p=1,$ these spaces are known as combinatorial Banach spaces. When $p > 1$ we prove that neither $h_{\mathcal{A},p}$ nor its dual contain delta-points. Under the extra assumption that $\mathcal A$ is regular, we prove that the same is true when $p=1.$ In particular the Schreier spaces and their duals fail to have delta-points. If $\mathcal A$ consists of finite sets only we are able to rule out the existence of delt…
We study density requirements on a given Banach space that guarantee the existence of subsymmetric basic sequences by extending Tsirelson's well-known space to larger index sets. We prove that for every cardinal $κ$ smaller than the first Mahlo cardinal there is a reflexive Banach space of density $κ$ without subsymmetric basic sequences. As for Tsirelson's space, our construction is based on the existence of a rich collection of homogeneous families on large index sets for which one can estimate the complexity on any given infinite set. This is used to describe detailedly the asymptotic struc…
The notion of $α$-large families of finite subsets of an infinite set is defined for every countable ordinal number $α$, extending the known notion of large families. The definition of the $α$-large families is based on the transfinite hierarchy of the Schreier families $\mathcal{S}_α, α<ω_1$. We prove the existence of such families on the cardinal number $2^{\aleph_0}$ and we study their properties. As an application, based on those families we construct a reflexive space $\mathfrak{X}_{2^{\aleph_0}}^α$, $α<ω_1$ with density the continuum, such that every bounded non norm convergent sequence …
Suppose that $(x_s)_{s\in S}$ is a normalized family in a Banach space indexed by the dyadic tree $S$. Using Stern's combinatorial theorem we extend important results from sequences in Banach spaces to tree-families. More precisely, assuming that for any infinite chain $β$ of $S$ the sequence $(x_s)_{s\inβ}$ is weakly null, we prove that there exists a subtree $T$ of $S$ such that for any infinite chain $β$ of $T$ the sequence $(x_s)_{s\inβ}$ is nearly (resp., convexly) unconditional. In the case where $(f_s)_{s\in S}$ is a family of continuous functions, under some additional assumptions, we …
It is proved that if a Banach space $Y$ is a quotient of a Banach space having a shrinking unconditional basis, then every normalized weakly null sequence in $Y$ has an unconditional subsequence. The proof yields the corollary that every quotient of Schreier's space is $c_o$-saturated.
First we adjust a technique due to Jiménez-Rodríguez to prove the complete latticeability of the set of disjoint non-norm null weakly null sequences and of the set of disjoint non-norm null regular-polynomially null sequences in Banach lattices. Then we apply the mother vector technique to prove the complete latticeability of $λ_π(E) \setminus λ_s(E)$, which implies the complete latticeability of $(\ell_p\widehat{\otimes}_{|π|}E)\setminus(\ell_p\widehat{\otimes}_πE)$, where $E$ is a Banach lattice and $1 < p < \infty$.
We give a criterion ensuring that the elementary class of a modular Banach space E (that is, the class of Banach spaces, some ultrapower of which is linearly isometric to an ultrapower of E) consists of all direct sums E\oplus_m H, where H is an arbitrary Hilbert space and \oplus_m denotes the modular direct sum. Also, we give several families of examples in the class of Nakano direct sums of finite dimensional normed spaces that satisfy this criterion. This yields many new examples of uncountably categorical Banach spaces, in the model theory of Banach space structures.
We develop a functional framework suitable for the treatment of partial differential equations and variational problems on evolving families of Banach spaces. We propose a definition for the weak time derivative that does not rely on the availability of a Hilbertian structure and explore conditions under which spaces of weakly differentiable functions (with values in an evolving Banach space) relate to classical Sobolev--Bochner spaces. An Aubin--Lions compactness result is proved. We analyse concrete examples of function spaces over time-evolving spatial domains and hypersurfaces for which we…
We show a way of constructing projectional skeletons using the concept of rich families in Banach spaces which admit a projectional generator. Our next result is that a Banach space $X$ is Asplund and weakly compactly generated if and only if there exists a commutative 1-projectional skeleton $(Q_γ:\ γ\inΓ)$ on $X$ such that $(Q_γ^*:\ γ\inΓ)$ is a commutative 1-projectional skeleton on $X^*$. We consider both, real and also complex, Banach spaces.
We collect several open questions in Banach spaces, mostly related to measure theoretic aspects of the theory. The problems are divided into five categories: miscellaneous problems in Banach spaces (non-separable $L^p$ spaces, compactness in Banach spaces, $w^*$-null sequences in dual spaces), measurability in Banach spaces (Baire and Borel $σ$-algebras, measurable selectors), vector integration (Riemann, Pettis and McShane integrals), vector measures (range and associated $L^1$ spaces) and Lebesgue-Bochner spaces (topological and structural properties, scalar convergence).
Given a Banach space. We show that its three times dual space can be written as a direct sum. Then being one of the sumands null is a necessary and sufficient condition for the dual space to be reflexive. We end with an application of this result to the known relationship between the reflexivity of a Banach space and that of its dual space.
It is shown that every normalized weakly null sequence of length $κ_λ$ in a Banach space has a subsequence of length $λ$ which is an unconditional basic sequence; here $κ_λ$ is a large cardinal depending on a given infinite cardinal $λ$. Transfinite topological games on Banach spaces are analyzed which determine the existence of a long unconditional basic sequence. Then 'asymptotic disentanglement' condition in a transfinite setting is studied which ensures a winning strategy for the unconditional basic sequence builder in the above game. The following problem is investigated: When does a Mark…
In this paper, sufficient conditions are established for the existence results of fractional order semilinear Volterra integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces. The results are obtained by using the theory of fractional cosine families and fractional powers of operators.
Generalizing results of our earlier paper, we investigate the following question. Let $π(λ) : A \to B$ be an analytic family of surjective homomorphisms between two Banach algebras, and $q(λ)$ an analytic family of idempotents in $B$. We want to find an analytic family $p(λ)$ of idempotents in $A$, lifting $q(λ)$, i.e., such that $π(λ)p(λ) = q(λ)$, under hypotheses of the type that the elements of $\text{Ker}\, π(λ)$ have small spectra. For spectra which do not disconnect $\Bbb C$ we obtain a local lifting theorem. For real analytic families of surjective $^*$-homomorphisms (for continuous inv…
Mathematical Institute, University of Wrocław(弗罗茨瓦夫大学数学研究所);Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw(华沙大学数学、信息学和力学学院);Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院数学研究所)
We discuss pruning and coloring lemmas on regular families. We discuss several applications of these lemmas to computing the Szlenk index of certain $w^*$ compact subsets of the dual of a separable Banach space. Applications include estimates of the Szlenk index of Minkowski sums, infinite direct sums of separable Banach spaces, constant reduction, and three space properties. We also consider using regular families to construct Banach spaces with prescribed Szlenk index. As a consequence, we give a characterization of which countable ordinals occur as the Szlenk index of a Banach space, prove …
We consider uncountable almost disjoint families of subsets of $\mathbb N$, the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Banach spaces $(\mathcal X_{\mathcal A}, \|\ \|_\infty)$ induced by them, and their natural equivalent renormings $(\mathcal X_{\mathcal A}, \|\ \|_{\infty, 2})$. We introduce a partial order $\mathbb P_{\mathcal A}$ and characterize some geometric properties of the spheres of $(\mathcal X_{\mathcal A}, \|\ \|_{\infty})$ and of $(\mathcal X_{\mathcal A}, \|\ \|_{\infty, 2})$ in terms of combinatorial properties of $\mathbb P_{\mathcal A}$. Exploiting the extreme behavior of some known and some…
A wide new class of subsets of a Banach space $X$ named coarse $p$-limited sets ($ 1\leq p < \infty$) is introduced by considering weak* $p$-summable sequences in $X'$ instead of weak* null sequences. We study its basic properties and compare it with the class of compact and weakly compact sets. Results concerning the relationship of coarse $p$-limited sets with operators are obtained.
A well-known open question is whether every countable collection of Lipschitz functions on a Banach space X with separable dual has a common point of Frechet differentiability. We show that the answer is positive for some infinite-dimensional X. Previously, even for collections consisting of two functions this has been known for finite-dimensional X only (although for one function the answer is known to be affirmative in full generality). Our aims are achieved by introducing a new class of null sets in Banach spaces (called $Γ$-null sets), whose definition involves both the notions of category…
We study some questions concerning the structure of the set of spreading models of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$. In particular we give an example of a reflexive $X$ so that all spreading models of $X$ contain $\ell_1$ but none of them is isomorphic to $\ell_1$. We also prove that for any countable set $C$ of spreading models generated by weakly null sequences there is a spreading model generated by a weakly null sequence which dominates each element of $C$. In certain cases this ensures that $X$ admits, for each $α< ω_1$, a spreading model $(\tilde x_i^α)_i$ such that if $…
The main result of the paper shows that, for 1<p and 1<=q, a linear operator T from l_p to l_q attains its norm if, and only if, there exists a not weakly null maximizing sequence for T (counterexamples can be easily constructed when p=1). For 1<p (and q different from p), as a consequence of the previous result we show that any not weakly null maximizing sequence for a norm attaining operator T from l_p to l_q has a norm-convergent subsequence (and this result is sharp in the sense that it is not valid if p=q). We also investigate lineability of the sets of norm-attaining and non-norm attaini…
We prove that any Boolean algebra with the subsequential completeness property contains an independent family of size continuum. This improves a result of Argyros from the 80ties which asserted the existence of an uncountable independent family. In fact we prove it for a bigger class of Boolean algebras satisfying much weaker properties. It follows that the Stone spaces of all such Boolean algebras contains a copy of the Cech-Stone compactification of the integers and the Banach space of contnuous functions on them has $l_\infty$ as a quotient. Connections with the Grothendieck property in Ban…
The class of countably intersected families of sets is defined. For any such family we define a Banach space not containing $\ell^{1}(\NN )$. Thus we obtain counterexamples to certain questions related to the heredity problem for W.C.G. Banach spaces. Among them we give a subspace of a W.C.G. Banach space not containing $\ell^{1}(\NN )$ and not being itself a W.C.G. space.
We study infinite asymptotic games in Banach spaces with an F.D.D. and prove that analytic games are determined by characterising precisely the conditions for the players to have winning strategies. These results are applied to characterise spaces embeddable into $\ell_p$ sums of finite dimensional spaces, extending results of Odell and Schlumprecht, and to study various notions of homogeneity of bases and Banach spaces. These results are related to questions of rapidity of subsequence extraction from normalised weakly null sequences.
We introduce two new local l_1-indices of the same type as the Bourgain l_1 index; the l_1^+-index and the l_1^+-weakly null index. We show that the l_1^+-weakly null index of a Banach space X is the same as the Szlenk index of X, provided X does not contain l_1. The l_1^+-weakly null index has the same form as the Bourgain l_1 index: if it is countable it must take values omega^alpha for some alpha<omega_1. The different l_1-indices are closely related and so knowing the Szlenk index of a Banach space helps us calculate its local l_1-index, via the l_1^+-weakly null index. We show that I(C(om…
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space, $Y$ a Banach space and $f: X \to Y$ a mapping. We prove that there exists a $σ$-directionally porous set $A\subset X$ such that if $x\in X \setminus A$, $f$ is Lipschitz at $x$, and $f$ is Gâteaux differentiable at $x$, then $f$ is Hadamard differentiable at $x$. If $f$ is Borel measurable (or has the Baire property) and is G\^ ateaux differentiable at all points, then $f$ is Hadamard differentiable at all points except a set which is $σ$-directionally porous set (and so is Aronszajn null, Haar null and $Γ$-null). Consequently, an everywhere G\^ ateaux diff…
For $0<p<1,$ we prove that there is a $\mathfrak{c}$-dimensional subspace of $\mathcal{L}\left( \ell_{p},\ell_{p}\right) $ such that, except for the null vector, all of its vectors fail to be absolutely $(r,s)$-summing regardless of the real numbers $r,s$, with $1\leq s\leq r<\infty$. This extends a result proved by Maddox in 1987. Moreover, the result is sharp in the sense that it is not valid for $p\geq1.$
In these notes, we study nonlinear embeddings between Banach spaces which are also weakly sequentially continuous. In particular, our main result implies that if a Banach space $X$ coarsely (resp. uniformly) embeds into a Banach space $Y$ by a weakly sequentially continuous map, then every spreading model $(e_n)_n$ of a normalized weakly null sequence in $X$ satisfies \[\|e_1+\ldots+e_k\|_{\overlineδ_Y}\lesssim\|e_1+\ldots+e_k\|_S,\] where $\overlineδ_Y$ is the modulus of asymptotic uniform convexity of $Y$. Among other results, we obtain Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ so that $X$ coarsely (resp. u…