We prove a local version of Gowers' Ramsey-type theorem [Ann. Math. 156 (2002)], as well as local versions both of the Banach space first dichotomy (the "unconditional/HI" dichotomy) of Gowers [Ann. Math. 156 (2002)] and of the third dichotomy (the "minimal/tight" dichotomy) due to Ferenczi-Rosendal [J. Funct. Anal. 257 (2009)]. This means that we obtain versions of these dichotomies restricted to certain families of subspaces called D-families, of which several concrete examples are given. As a main example, non-Hilbertian spaces form D-families; therefore versions of the above properties for non-Hilbertian spaces appear in new Banach space dichotomies. As a consequence we obtain new information on the number of subspaces of non-Hilbertian Banach spaces, making some progress towards the "ergodic" conjecture of Ferenczi-Rosendal and towards a question of Johnson.
A problem of Banach asks whether every infinite-dimensional Banach space which is isomorphic to all its infinite-dimensional subspaces must be isomorphic to a separable Hilbert space. In this paper we prove a result of a Ramsey-theoretic nature which implies an interesting dichotomy for subspaces of Banach spaces. Combined with a result of Komorowski and Tomczak-Jaegermann, this gives a positive answer to Banach's problem. We then generalize the Ramsey-theoretic result and deduce a further dichotomy for Banach spaces with an unconditional basis.
We prove three new dichotomies for Banach spaces à la W.T. Gowers' dichotomies. The three dichotomies characterise respectively the spaces having no minimal subspaces, having no subsequentially minimal basic sequences, and having no subspaces crudely finitely representable in all of their subspaces. We subsequently use these results to make progress on Gowers' program of classifying Banach spaces by finding characteristic spaces present in every space. Also, the results are used to embed any partial order of size $\aleph_1$ into the subspaces of any space without a minimal subspace ordered by …
We analyse several examples of separable Banach spaces, some of them new, and relate them to several dichotomies obtained in the previous paper Banach spaces without minimal subspaces, by classifying them according to which side of the dichotomies they fall. This paper may be seen as a more empirical continuation of Banach spaces without minimal subspaces, in which our stress is on the study of examples for the new classes of Banach spaces considered in that work.
We prove several dichotomies on linear embeddings between Banach spaces. Given an arbitrary Banach space X with a basis, we show that the relations of isomorphism and bi-embedding are meager or co-meager on the Polish set of block-subspaces of X. We relate this result with tightness and minimality of Banach spaces. Examples and open questions are provided.
If a Banach space is saturated with basic sequences whose linear span embeds into the linear span of any subsequence, then it contains a minimal subspace. It follows that any Banach space is either ergodic or contains a minimal subspace. For a Banach space $X$ with an (unconditional) basis, topological 0-1 law type dichotomies are stated for block-subspaces of $X$ as well as for subspaces of $X$ with a successive FDD on its basis. A uniformity principle for properties of block-sequences, results about block-homogeneity, and a possible method to construct a Banach space with an unconditional ba…
We extract quantitative information (specifically, a rate of metastability in the sense of Terence Tao) from a proof due to Kazuo Kobayasi and Isao Miyadera, which shows strong convergence for Cesàro means of nonexpansive maps on Banach spaces.
We prove that a non ergodic Banach space must be near Hilbert. In particular, $\ell_p$ ($2<p<\infty$) is ergodic. This reinforces the conjecture that $\ell_2$ is the only non ergodic Banach space. As an application of our criterion for ergodicity, we prove that there is no separable Banach space which is complementably universal for the class of all subspaces of $\ell_p$, for $1\leq p <2$. This solves a question left open by W. B. Johnson and A. Szankowski in 1976.
We present versions of ergodic theorems for $L_1$--$L_\infty$ contractions in Banach--Kantorovich $L_p$-lattices associated with the Maharam measure taking values in the algebra of measurable functions.
It is known that Dobrushin's ergodicity coefficient is one of the effective tools in the investigations of limiting behavior of Markov processes. Several interesting properties of the ergodicity coefficient of a positive mapping defined on ordered Banach space with a base have been studied. In this paper, we consider uniformly mean ergodic and asymptotically stable Markov operators on ordered Banach spaces. In terms of the ergodicity coefficient, we prove uniform mean ergodicity criterion in terms of the ergodicity coefficient. Moreover, we develop the perturbation theory for uniformly asympto…
We study mean ergodic composition operators on infinite dimensional spaces of holomorphic functions of different types when defined on the unit ball of a Banach or a Hilbert space: that of all holomorphic functions, that of holomorphic functions of bounded type and that of bounded holomorphic functions. Several examples in the different settings are given.
In the present paper we prove weighted ergodic theorems and multiparameter weighted ergodic theorems for positive contractions acting on $L_p(\hat{\nabla},\hatμ)$. Our main tool is the use of methods of measurable bundles of Banach-Kantorovich lattices.
We show that any Banach space contains a continuum of non isomorphic subspaces or a minimal subspace. We define an ergodic Banach space $X$ as a space such that $E_0$ Borel reduces to isomorphism on the set of subspaces of $X$, and show that every Banach space is either ergodic or contains a subspace with an unconditional basis $ which is complementably universal for the family of its block-subspaces. We also use our methods to get uniformity results; for example, in combination with a result of B. Maurey, V. Milman and N. Tomczak-Jaegermann, we show that an unconditional basis of a Banach spa…
We consider a large class of operator means and prove that a number of ergodic theorems, as well as growth estimates known for particular cases, continue to hold in the general context under fairly mild regularity conditions. The methods developed in the paper not only yield a new approach based on a general point of view, but also lead to results that are new, even in the context of the classical Cesaro means.
Given a symbol $φ,$ i.e., a holomorphic endomorphism of the unit disc, we consider the composition operator $C_φ(f)=f\circφ$ defined on the Banach spaces of holomorphic functions $A(\mathbb{D})$ and $H^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})$. We obtain different conditions on the symbol $φ$ which characterize when the composition operator is mean ergodic and uniformly mean ergodic in the corresponding spaces. These conditions are related to the asymptotic behaviour of the iterates of the symbol. As an appendix, we deal with some particular case in the setting of weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions.
We analyze a proof of Bruck to obtain an explicit rate of asymptotic regularity for Cesàro means in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Our rate will only depend on a norm bound and a modulus $η$ of uniform convexity. One ingredient for the proof by Bruck is a result of Pisier, which shows that every uniformly convex (in fact every uniformly nonsquare) Banach space has some Rademacher type $q>1$ with a suitable constant $C_q$. We explicitly determine $q$ and $C_q$, which only depend on the single value $η(1)$ of our modulus. Beyond these specific results, we summarize how work of Bruck has inspire…
Let B be a p-uniformly convex Banach space, with p >= 2. Let T be a linear operator on B, and let A_n x denote the ergodic average (1 / n) sum_{i< n} T^n x. We prove the following variational inequality in the case where T is power bounded from above and below: for any increasing sequence (t_k)_{k in N} of natural numbers we have sum_k || A_{t_{k+1}} x - A_{t_k} x ||^p <= C || x ||^p, where the constant C depends only on p and the modulus of uniform convexity. For T a nonexpansive operator, we obtain a weaker bound on the number of epsilon-fluctuations in the sequence. We clarify the relations…
It is known that the Dobrushin's ergodicity coefficient is one of the effective tools to study a behavior of non-homogeneous Markov chains. In the present paper, we define such an ergodicity coefficient of a positive mapping defined on ordered Banach space with a base (OBSB), and study its properties. In terms of this coefficient we prove the equivalence uniform and weak ergodicities of homogeneous Markov chains. This extends earlier results obtained in case of von Neumann algebras. Such a result allowed to establish a category theorem for uniformly ergodic Markov operators. We find necessary …
In this work, we prove the existence and uniqueness of $μ$-pseudo almost automorphic solutions for some class of semilinear nonautonomous evolution equations of the form: $ u'(t)=A(t)u(t)+f(t,u(t)),\; t\in\mathbb{R} $ where $ (A(t))_{t\in \mathbb{R}} $ is a family of closed densely defined operators acting on a Banach space $X$ that generates a strongly continuous evolution family which has an exponential dichotomy on $\mathbb{R}$. The nonlinear term $f: \mathbb{R} \times X \longrightarrow X$ is just $μ$-pseudo almost automorphic in Stepanov sense in $t$ and Lipshitzian with respect to the sec…
In [11], employing the technique of noncommutative interpolation, a maximal ergodic theorem in noncommutative Lp-spaces, 1 < p < infinity, was established and, among other things, corresponding maximal ergodic inequalities and individual ergodic theorems were derived. In this article, we derive maximal ergodic inequalities in noncommutative Lp-spaces directly from [25] and apply them to prove corresponding individual and Besicovitch weighted ergodic theorems. Then we extend these results to noncommutative fully symmetric Banach spaces with Fatou property and non-trivial Boyd indices, in partic…
In this paper, we give a geometric characterization of mean ergodic convergence in the Calkin algebras for Banach spaces that have the bounded compact approximation property.
M. J. Beltrán-Meneua et al. \cite{beltran1} and E. Jordá and A. Rodríguez-Arenas \cite{jorda} characterized the (uniformly) mean ergodic composition operators on $H^\infty(\mathbb{D})$ and $H^\infty_ν(\mathbb{D})$, respectively. In this paper, by using the interpolating sequences, we give other necessary and sufficient conditions for the (uniformly) mean ergodicity of composition operators on these spaces.
We study several notions of boundedness for operators. It is known that any power bounded operator is absolutely Cesàro bounded and strong Kreiss bounded (in particular, uniformly Kreiss bounded). The converses do not hold in general. In this note, we give examples of topologically mixing absolutely Cesàro bounded operators on $\ell^p(\mathbb{N})$, $1\le p < \infty$, which are not power bounded, and provide examples of uniformly Kreiss bounded operators which are not absolutely Cesàro bounded. These results complement very limited number of known examples (see \cite{Shi} and \cite{AS}). In \ci…
Let $\mathcal H$ be an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, and let $\mathcal B(\mathcal H)$ ($\mathcal K(\mathcal H)$) be the $C^*$-algebra of bounded (respectively, compact) linear operators in $\mathcal H$. Let $(E,\|\cdot\|_E)$ be a fully symmetric sequence space. If $\{s_n(x)\}_{n=1}^\infty$ are the singular values of $x\in\mathcal K(\mathcal H)$, let $\mathcal C_E=\{x\in\mathcal K(\mathcal H): \{s_n(x)\}\in E\}$ with $\|x\|_{\mathcal C_E}=\|\{s_n(x)\}\|_E$, $x\in\mathcal C_E$, be the Banach ideal of compact operators generated by $E$. We show that the averages $A_n(T)(x)=\frac1{n+1}\sum\l…
In this paper we prove a general convergence theorem for almost-additive set functions on unimodular, amenable groups. These mappings take their values in some Banach space. By extending the theory of epsilon-quasi tiling techniques, we set the ground for far-reaching applications in the theory of group dynamics. In particular, we verify the almost-everywhere convergence of abstract approximable bounded, additive processes, as well as a Banach space approximation result for the spectral distribution function (integrated density of states) for random operators on discrete structures in a metric…
In this paper, we introduce a weak form of amenability on topological semigroups that we call $φ$-amenability, where $φ$ is a character on a topological semigroup. Some basic properties of this new notion are obtained and by giving some examples, we show that this definition is weaker than the amenability of semigroups. As a noticeable result, for a topological semigroup $S$, it is shown that if $S$ is $φ$-amenable, then $S$ is amenable. Moreover, $φ$-ergodicity for a topological semigroup $S$ is introduced and it is proved that under some conditions on $S$ and a Banach space $X$, $φ$-amenabil…
We establish variant Khintchine inequalities on normed spaces of Hanner type and cotype, in which the Rademacher distribution corresponding to classical Khintchine inequality is replaced by general symmetric distributions. The proof involves the $p$-barycenter and Birkhoff's ergodic theorem. More importantly, by employing these Khintchine inequalities, we get some lower bounds for Banach-Mazur distance between $l^p$-ball and a general centrally symmetric convex body.
We analyze the ergodic properties of power-bounded operators on a reflexive Banach space of the form "scalar plus compact-power", and show that they are almost periodic (all the orbits are conditionally compact). If such an operator is weakly mixing, then it is stable (its powers converge in the strong operator topology).Let X-ISP be the separable reflexive indecomposable Banach space constructed by Argyros and Motakis, in which every operator has an invariant subspace. We conclude that every power-bounded operator on a closed subspace of X-ISP is almost periodic.
Various properties of the (continuous) Cesàro operator $\mathsf{C}$, acting on Banach and Fréchet spaces of continuous functions and $L^p$-spaces, are investigated. For instance, the spectrum and point spectrum of $\mathsf{C}$ are completely determined and a study of certain dynamics of $\mathsf{C}$ is undertaken (eg. hyper- and supercyclicity, chaotic behaviour). In addition, the mean (and uniform mean) ergodic nature of $\mathsf{C}$ acting in the various spaces is identified.
Techniques from Descriptive Set Theory are applied in order to study the Topological Complexity of families of operators naturally connected to ergodic operators in infinite dimensional Banach Spaces. The families of ergodic, uniform-ergodic,Cesaro-bounded and power-bounded operators are shown to be Borel sets, while the family of super-ergodic operators is shown to be either coanalytic or Borel according to specific structures of the Space. Moreover, trees and coanalytic ranks are introduced to characterize super-ergodic operators as well as spaces where the above classes of operators do not …
Let $\{T(t)\}_{t\geq 0}$ be a $C_0$-semigroup of bounded linear operators on the Banach space ${X}$ into itself and let $A$ be their infinitesimal generator. In this paper, we show that if $T(t)$ is uniformly ergodic, then $A$ does not have the single valued extension property, which implies that $A$ must have a nonempty interior of the point spectrum. Furthermore, we introduce the local mean ergodic for $C_0$-semigroup $T(t)$ at a vector $x\in X$ and we establish some conditions implying that $T(t)$ is a local mean ergodic at $x$.
In this paper we investigate generalizations of Kazhdan's property $(T)$ to the setting of uniformly convex Banach spaces. We explain the interplay between the existence of spectral gaps and that of Kazhdan projections. Our methods employ Markov operators associated to a random walk on the group, for which we provide new norm estimates and convergence results. They exhibit useful properties and flexibility, and allow to view Kazhdan projections in Banach spaces as natural objects associated to random walks on groups. We give a number of applications of these results. In particular, we address …
We study some dynamical properties of composition operators defined on the space $\mathcal{P}(^m X)$ of $m$-homogeneous polynomials on a Banach space $X$ when $\mathcal{P}(^m X)$ is endowed with two different topologies: the one of uniform convergence on compact sets and the one defined by the usual norm. The situation is quite different for both topologies: while in the case of uniform convergence on compact sets every power bounded composition operator is uniformly mean ergodic, for the topology of the norm there is no relation between the latter properties. Several examples are given.
The Cesaro operator $\mathsf{C}$, when acting in the classical growth Banach spaces $A^{-γ}$ and $A_0^{-γ}$, for $γ> 0 $, of analytic functions on $\mathbb{D}$, is investigated. Based on a detailed knowledge of their spectra (due to A. Aleman and A.-M. Persson) we are able to determine the norms of these operators precisely. It is then possible to characterize the mean ergodic and related properties of $\mathsf{C}$ acting in these spaces. In addition, we determine the largest Banach space of analytic functions on $\mathbb{D}$ which $\mathsf{C}$ maps into $A^{-γ}$ (resp. into $A_0^{-γ}$); this …
In this paper the stability and the perturbation bounds of Markov operators acting on abstract state spaces are investigated. Here, an abstract state space is an ordered Banach space where the norm has an additivity property on the cone of positive elements. We basically study uniform ergodic properties of Markov operators by means of so-called a generalized Dobrushin's ergodicity coefficient. This allows us to get several convergence results with rates. Some results on quasi-compactness of Markov operators are proved in terms of the ergodicity coefficient. Furthermore, a characterization of u…
In the present paper we consider a von Neumann algebra M with a faithful normal semi-finite trace $\t$, and $\{α_ t\} $ a strongly continuous extension to $L^p(M,\t)$ of a semigroup of absolute contractions on $L^1 (M,τ)$. By means of a non-commutative Banach Principle we prove for a Besicovitch function b and $x\in L^p(M,\t)$, the averages \frac{1}{T}\int_0^Tb(t)\a_t(x)dt converge bilateral almost uniform in $L^p(M,\t)$ as $T\to 0$.
In this paper, we establish $\mathcal B$-valued variational inequalities for differential operators, ergodic averages and symmetric diffusion semigroups under the condition that Banach space $\mathcal B$ has martingale cotype property. These results generalize, on the one hand Pisier and Xu's result on the variational inequalities for $\mathcal B$-valued martingales, on the other hand many classical variational inequalities in harmonic analysis and ergodic theory. Moreover, we show that Rademacher cotype $q$ is necessary for the $\mathcal B$-valued $q$-variational inequalities. As applications…
A theorem of Delorme states that every unitary representation of a connected Lie group with nontrivial reduced first cohomology has a finite-dimensional subrepresentation. More recently Shalom showed that such a property is inherited by cocompact lattices and stable under coarse equivalence among amenable countable discrete groups. We give a new geometric proof of Delorme's theorem which extends to a larger class of groups, including solvable $p$-adic algebraic groups, and finitely generated solvable groups with finite Prüfer rank. Moreover all our results apply to isometric representations in…
An extension of Chernoff's product formula for one-parameter functions taking values in the space of bounded linear operators on a Banach space is given. Essentially, the $n$-th one-parameter function in the product formula is mapped by the $n$-th iterate of a contraction acting on the space of the one-parameter functions. The motivation to study this specific product formula lies in the growing field of dynamical control of quantum systems, involving the procedure of dynamical decoupling and also the Quantum Zeno effect.
We define the notion of isometric envelope of a subspace in a Banach space, and relate it to a) the mean ergodic projection on the space of fixed points of a semigroup of contractions, b) results on Korovkin sets from the 70's, and c) extension properties of linear isometric embeddings. We use this concept to address the recent conjecture that the Gurarij space and the spaces $L_p$, $p \notin 2\mathbb N+4$ are the only separable Approximately Ultrahomogeneous Banach spaces (a certain multidimensional transitivity of the action of the linear isometry group). The similar conjecture for Fraïssé B…
A bounded operator on a real or complex separable infinite-dimensional Banach space $Z$ is universal in the sense of Glasner and Weiss if for every invertible ergodic measure-preserving transformation $T$ of a standard Lebesgue probability space $(X,\mathcal {B},μ)$, there exists an $A$-invariant probability measure $ν$ on $H$ with full support such that the two dynamical systems $(X,\mathcal {B},μ;T)$ and $(H,\mathcal {B}_{H},ν;A)$ are isomorphic. We present a general and simple criterion for an operator to be universal, which allows us to characterize universal operators among unilateral or …
We give formulas for the spectral radius of weighted endomorphisms $aα: C(X,D)\to C(X,D)$, $a\in C(X,D)$, where $X$ is a compact Hausdorff space and $D$ is a unital Banach algebra. Under the assumption that $α$ generates a partial dynamical system $(X,φ)$, we establish two kinds of variational principles for $r(aα)$: using linear extensions of $(X,φ)$ and using Lyapunov exponents associated with ergodic measures for $(X,φ)$. This requires considering (twisted) cocycles over $(X,φ)$ with values in an arbitrary Banach algebra $D$, and thus our analysis can not be reduced to any of mutliplicative…
Given a family of subspaces we investigate existence, quantity and quality of common complements in Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. In particular we are interested in complements for countable families of closed subspaces of finite codimension. Those families naturally appear in the context of exponential type splittings like the multiplicative ergodic theorem, which recently has been proved in various infinite-dimensional settings. In view of these splittings, we show that common complements with subexponential decay of quality are generic in Hilbert spaces. Moreover, we prove that the exis…
If $T$ is a Kreiss bounded operator on a Banach space, then $\|T^n\|=O(n)$. Forty years ago Shields conjectured that in Hilbert spaces, $\|T^n\| = O(\sqrt{n})$. A negative answer to this conjecture was given by Spijker, Tracogna and Welfert in 2003. We improve their result and show that this conjecture is not true even for uniformly Kreiss bounded operators. More precisely, for every $\varepsilon>0$ there exists a uniformly Kreiss bounded operator $T$ on a Hilbert space such that $\|T^n\|\sim (n+1)^{1-\varepsilon}$ for all $n\in \Bbb N$. On the other hand, any Kreiss bounded operator on Hilber…
