We prove that a non-spherical irreducible Coxeter group is (directly) indecomposable and that a non-spherical and non-affine Coxeter group is strongly indecomposable in the sense that all its finite index subgroups are (directly) indecomposable. We prove that a Coxeter group has a decomposition as a direct product of indecomposable groups, and that such a decomposition is unique up to a central automorphism and a permutation of the factors. We prove that a Coxeter group has a virtual decomposition as a direct product of strongly indecomposable groups, and that such a decomposition is unique up to commensurability and a permutation of the factors.
In this paper we prove, without the finite rank assumption, that any irreducible Coxeter group of infinite order is directly indecomposable as an abstract group. The key ingredient of the proof is that we can determine, for an irreducible Coxeter group, the centralizers of the normal subgroups that are generated by involutions. As a consequence, we show that the problem of deciding whether two general Coxeter groups are isomorphic, as abstract groups, is reduced to the case of irreducible Coxeter groups, without assuming the finiteness of the number of the irreducible components or their ranks…
The following results are proved: The center of any finite index subgroup of an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group is trivial; Any finite index subgroup of an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group cannot be expressed as a product of two nontrivial subgroups. These two theorems imply a unique decomposition theorem for a class of Coxeter groups. We also obtain that the orbit of each element other than the identity under the conjugation action in an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group is an infinite set. This implies that an irreducible, infinite Coxeter group i…
In this article we calculate the minimal faithful permutation degree for all of the irreducible Coxeter groups. We also exhibit new examples of finite groups that possess a quotient whose minimal degree is strictly greater than that of the group.
Let W be an irreducible finitely generated Coxeter group. The geometric representation of W in GL(V) provides a discrete embedding in the orthogonal group of the Tits form (the associated bilinear form of the Coxeter group). If the Tits form of the Coxeter group is non-positive and non-degenerate, the Coxeter group does not contain any finite index subgroup isomorphic to an irreducible lattice in a semisimple group of R-rank greater or equal to 2.
Two new Elnitsky tilings for Coxeter groups of type $\mathrm{B}$ are displayed as certain subtilings. Additionally, a new tiling for the non-crystallographic Coxeter group of type $\mathrm{H}_3$ is obtained, described as a $\mathrm{D}_6$-subtiling.
The star operation, originally introduced by Kazhdan and Lusztig, was later specialized by Ernst to the so-called weak star reduction on the set of fully commutative elements of a Coxeter group. In this paper, we classify the star and weak star irreducible fully commutative elements in Coxeter groups of affine types $\widetilde{B}_{n+1}$ and $\widetilde{D}_{n+2}$. Focusing then on the case of type $\widetilde{D}_{n+2}$, we use the classification of star irreducible elements to provide a new proof of the faithfulness of a diagrammatic representation of the corresponding generalized Temperley-Li…
Based on the third author's thesis in this article we complete the local recognition of commuting reflection graphs of spherical Coxeter groups arising from irreducible crystallographic root systems.
We consider the class of those Coxeter groups for which removing from the Cayley graph any tubular neighbourhood of any wall leaves exactly two connected components. We call these Coxeter groups bipolar. They include both the virtually Poincare duality Coxeter groups and the infinite irreducible 2-spherical ones. We show in a geometric way that a bipolar Coxeter group admits a unique conjugacy class of Coxeter generating sets. Moreover, we provide a characterisation of bipolar Coxeter groups in terms of the associated Coxeter diagram.
In this note we give a classification of the Maximal order Abelian subgroups of finite irreducible Coxeter groups. We also prove a Weyl group analogue of Cartan's theorem that all maximal tori in a connected compact Lie group are conjugate.
We introduce and study a combinatorially defined notion of root basis of a (real) root system of a possibly infinite Coxeter group. Known results on conjugacy up to sign of root bases of certain irreducible finite rank real root systems are extended to abstract root bases, to a larger class of real root systems, and, with a short list of (genuine) exceptions, to infinite rank irreducible Coxeter systems.
It has been known that the centralizer $Z_W(W_I)$ of a parabolic subgroup $W_I$ of a Coxeter group $W$ is a split extension of a naturally defined reflection subgroup by a subgroup defined by a 2-cell complex $\mathcal{Y}$. In this paper, we study the structure of $Z_W(W_I)$ further and show that, if $I$ has no irreducible components of type $A_n$ with $2 \leq n < \infty$, then every element of finite irreducible components of the inner factor is fixed by a natural action of the fundamental group of $\mathcal{Y}$. This property has an application to the isomorphism problem in Coxeter groups.
A Coxeter group W is called reflection independent if its reflections are uniquely determined by W only, independently on the choice of the generating set. We give a new sufficient condition for the reflection independence, and examine this condition for Coxeter groups in certain classes, possibly of infinite ranks. We also determine the finite irreducible components of another Coxeter group, that is a subgroup of W generated by the reflections centralizing a given generator of W. Determining such a subgroup makes our criterion efficient.
We apply the techniques of symmetric generation to establish the standard presentations of the finite simply laced irreducible finite Coxeter groups, that is the Coxeter groups of types An, Dn and En, and show that these are naturally arrived at purely through consideration of certain natural actions of symmetric groups. We go on to use these techniques to provide explicit representations of these groups.
Hayashi property for conjugation quandles over finite Coxeter groups
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur（印度技术学院乔德普尔分校）；School of Advanced Engineering, UPES（UPES高级工程学院）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali（印度科学教育与研究学院莫哈利分校）
We show that for a large class $\mathcal{W}$ of Coxeter groups the following holds: Given a group $W_Γ$ in $\mathcal{W}$, the automorphism group ${\rm Aut}(W_Γ)$ virtually surjects onto some infinite Coxeter group. In particular, the group ${\rm Aut}(W_Γ)$ is virtually indicable and therefore does not have Kazhdan's property (T).
In this paper, we show that any Coxeter graph which defines a higher rank Coxeter group must have disjoint induced subgraphs each of which defines a hyperbolic or higher rank Coxeter group. We then use this result to demonstrate several classes of Coxeter graphs which define hyperbolic Coxeter groups.
H.S.M. Coxeter showed that a group $Γ$ is a finite reflection group of an Euclidean space if and only if $Γ$ is a finite Coxeter group. In this paper, we define {\it reflections} of geodesic spaces in general, and we prove that $Γ$ is a cocompact discrete reflection group of some geodesic space if and only if $Γ$ is a Coxeter group.
We prove that even Coxeter groups, whose Coxeter diagrams contain no (4,4,2) triangles, are conjugacy separable. In particular, this applies to all right-angled Coxeter groups or word hyperbolic even Coxeter groups. For an arbitrary Coxeter group W, we also study the relationship between Coxeter generating sets that give rise to the same collection of parabolic subgroups. As an application we show that if an automorphism of W preserves the conjugacy class of every sufficiently short element then it is inner. We then derive consequences for the outer automorphism groups of Coxeter groups.
Let $W$ be a Coxeter group and $r\in W$ a reflection. If the group of order 2 generated by $r$ is the intersection of all the maximal finite subgroups of $W$ that contain it, then any isomorphism from $W$ to a Coxeter group $W'$ must take $r$ to a reflection in $W'$. The aim of this paper is to show how to determine, by inspection of the Coxeter graph, the intersection of the maximal finite sugroups containing $r$. In particular we show that the condition above is satisfied whenever $W$ is infinite and irreducible, and has the property that all rank two parabolic subgroups are finite. So in th…
We derive presentations of the interval groups related to all quasi-Coxeter elements in the Coxeter group of type $D_n$. Type $D_n$ is the only infinite family of finite Coxeter groups that admits proper quasi-Coxeter elements. The presentations we obtain are over a set of generators in bijection with what we call a Carter generating set, and the relations are those defined by the related Carter diagram together with a twisted or a cycle commutator relator, depending on whether the quasi-Coxeter element is a Coxeter element or not. The proof is based on the description of two combinatorial tec…
We use probabilistic methods to prove that many Coxeter groups are incoherent. In particular, this holds for Coxeter groups of uniform exponent > 2 with sufficiently many generators.
We show that the standard generating set of a Coxeter group is of minimal cardinality provided that the non-diagonal entries of the Coxeter matrix are sufficiently large.
A Coxeter system is an ordered pair (W,S) where S is the generating set in a particular type of presentation for the Coxeter group W. A subgroup of W is called special if it is generated by a subset of S. Amalgamated product decompositions of a Coxeter group having special factors and special amalgamated subgroup are easily recognized from the presentation of the Coxeter group. If a Coxeter group is a subgroup of the fundamental group of a given graph of groups, then the Coxeter group is also the fundamental group of a graph of special subgroups, where each vertex and edge group is a subgroup …
A model for a finite group is a set of linear characters of subgroups that can be induced to obtain every irreducible character exactly once. A perfect model for a finite Coxeter group is a model in which the relevant subgroups are the quasiparabolic centralizers of perfect involutions. In prior work, we showed that perfect models give rise to interesting examples of $W$-graphs. Here, we classify which finite Coxeter groups have perfect models. Specifically, we prove that the irreducible finite Coxeter groups with perfect models are those of types $\mathsf{A}_{n}$, $\mathsf{B}_n$, $\mathsf{D}_…
In this paper, we consider the automorphism groups of the Cayley graph with respect to the Coxeter generators and the Davis complex of an arbitrary Coxeter group. We determine for which Coxeter groups these automorphism groups are discrete. In the case where they are discrete, we express them as semidirect products of two obvious families of automorphisms. This extends a result of Haglund and Paulin.
We attach with every finite, involutive, nondegenerate set-theoretic solution of the Yang--Baxter equation a finite group that plays for the associated structure group the role that a finite Coxeter group plays for the associated Artin--Tits group.
We prove that Coxeter groups are biautomatic. From our construction of the biautomatic structure it follows that uniform lattices in isometry groups of buildings are biautomatic.
We establish quasi-isometric rigidity for a class of right-angled Coxeter groups. Let $Γ_1,Γ_2$ be joins of finite generalized thick $m$-gons with $m\geq 3$. We show that the corresponding right-angled Coxeter groups are quasi-isometric if and only if $Γ_1,Γ_2$ are isomorphic. We also give a construction of commensurable right-angled Coxeter groups.
It is an open question whether right-angled Coxeter groups have unique group-equivariant visual boundaries. Croke and Kleiner present a right-angled Artin group with more than one visual boundary. In this paper we present a right-angled Coxeter group with non-unique equivariant visual boundary. The main theorem is that if right-angled Coxeter groups act geometrically on a Croke-Kleiner spaces, then the local angles in those spaces all have to be right angles. We present a specific right-angled Coxeter group with non-unique equivariant visual boundary. However, we conjecture that the right an- …
If $A_Γ$ ($W_Γ$) is the Artin (Coxeter) group with defining graph $Γ$ we denote by $Sim(Γ)$ the number of vertices of the largest clique in $Γ$. We show that $asdimA_Γ\leq Sim(Γ)$, if $Sim(Γ)=2$. We conjecture that the inequality holds for every Artin group. We prove that if for all free of infinity Artin (Coxeter) groups the conjecture holds, then it holds for all Artin (Coxeter) groups. As a corollary, we show that $asdimW_Γ\leq Sim(Γ)$ for all Coxeter groups, which is the best known upper bound for the asymptotic dimension of Coxeter Groups. As a further corollary, we show that the asymptot…
An odd Coxeter group $W$ is one which admits a Coxeter system $(W,S)$ for which all the exponents $m_{ij}$ are either odd or infinity. The paper investigates the family of odd Coxeter groups whose associated labeled graphs $\mathcal{V}_{(W,S)}$ are trees. It is known that two Coxeter groups in this family are isomorphic if and only if they admit Coxeter systems having the same rank and the same multiset of finite exponents. In particular, each group in this family is isomorphic to a group that admits a Coxeter system whose associated labeled graph is a star shaped tree. We give the complete de…
We compute Aut(W) for any even Coxeter group whose Coxeter diagram is connected, contains no edges labeled 2, and cannot be separated into more than 2 connected components by removing a single vertex. The description is given explicitly in terms of the given presentation for the Coxeter group and admits an easy characterization of those groups W for which Out(W) is finite.
Let W be an irreducible, finitely generated Coxeter group. The geometric representation provides an discrete embedding in the orthogonal group of the so-called Tits form. One can look at the representation modulo the kernel of this form; we give a new proof of the following result of Vinberg: if W is non-affine, then this representation remains faithful. Our proof uses relative Kazhdan Property (T). The following corollary was only known to hold when the Tits form is non-degenerate: the reduced C*-algebra of W is simple with a unique normalized trace. Some other corollaries are pointed out.
A solution of the isomorphism problem is presented for the class of Coxeter groups W that have a finite set of Coxeter generators S such that the underlying graph of the presentation diagram of the system (W,S) has the property that every cycle of length at least four has a cord. As an application, we construct counterexamples to two main conjectures concerning the isomorphism problem for Coxeter groups.
In 2011 Eriko Hironaka introduced an interesting generalization of Coxeter groups, motivated by studying certain mapping classes. The generalization is by labeling the vertices of a Coxeter graph either by +1 or by -1, and then generalizing the standard geometric representation of the associated Coxeter group by concerning the labels of the vertices. The group which Hironaka get by that generalization is called mixed-sign Coxeter group. In this paper we classify the simply-laced mixed-sign Coxeter groups where the associated graph is either a line or a simple cycle. We show that all the defini…
In this paper, given a split extension of an arbitrary Coxeter group by automorphisms of the Coxeter graph, we determine the involutions in that extension whose centralizer has finite index. Our result has applications to many problems such as the isomorphism problem of general Coxeter groups. In the argument, some properties of certain special elements and of the fixed-point subgroups by graph automorphisms in Coxeter groups, which are of independent interest, are also given.
We provide involutory symmetric generating sets of finitely generated Coxeter groups, fulfilling a suitable finiteness condition, which in particular is fulfilled in the finite, affine and compact hyperbolic cases.
In this article, we study the manifold structure and the relatively hyperbolic structure of right-angled Coxeter groups with planar nerves. We then apply our results to the quasi-isometry problem for this class of right-angled Coxeter groups.
Let $W$ be a Coxeter group. We provide a precise description of the conjugacy classes in $W$, in the spirit of Matsumoto's theorem. This extends to all Coxeter groups an important result on finite Coxeter groups by M. Geck and G. Pfeiffer from 1993. In particular, we describe the cyclically reduced elements of $W$, thereby proving a conjecture of A. Cohen from 1994.
The aim of this note is to show that the cycle decomposition of elements of the symmetric group admits a quite natural formulation in the framework of dual Coxeter theory, yielding a generalization of it to the family of so-called parabolic quasi-Coxeter elements of Coxeter groups (in the symmetric group every element is a parabolic quasi-Coxeter element). We show that such an element admits an analogue of the cycle decomposition. Elements which are not in this family still admit a generalized cycle decomposition, but it is not unique in general.
We show that right-angled Coxeter groups are relatively hyperbolic in the sense defined by Farb, relative to a natural collection of rank-2 parabolic subgroups.
