We construct a categorification of the braid groups associated with Coxeter groups inside the homotopy category of Soergel's bimodules. Classical actions of braid groups on triangulated categories should come from an action of this monoidal category. We construct representations of this monoidal category on category O of a complex semi-simple Lie algebra and on constructible sheaves over flag varieties. We also consider general constructions of self-equivalences as reflections around another category.
This is the first part of a series of two papers aiming to construct a categorification of the braiding on tensor products of Verma modules, and in particular of the Lawrence--Krammer--Bigelow representations. \\ In this part, we categorify all tensor products of Verma modules and integrable modules for quantum $\mathfrak{sl_2}$. The categorification is given by derived categories of dg versions of KLRW algebras which generalize both the tensor product algebras of Webster, and the dg-algebras used by Lacabanne, the second author and Vaz. We compute a basis for these dgKLRW algebras by using re…
We construct a p-DG structure on an algebra Koszul dual to a zigzag algebra used by Khovanov and Seidel to construct a categorical braid group action. We show there is a braid group action in this p-DG setting.
We give a description of certain categories of equivariant coherent sheaves on Grothendieck's resolution in terms of the categorical affine Hecke algebra of Soergel. As an application, we deduce a relationship of these coherent sheaf categories to the categories of perverse sheaves considered in the work of Bezrukavnikov-Yun, generalizing results of Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov. In addition, we deduce that the weak braid group action on sheaves of Riche and Bezrukavnikov-Riche can be upgraded to a strict braid group action.
We construct geometric categorical Lie algebra actions on the derived category of coherent sheaves on Nakajima quiver varieties. These actions categorify Nakajima's construction of Kac-Moody algebra representations on the K-theory of quiver varieties. We define an induced affine braid group action on these derived categories.
We define and study sl\_2-categorifications on abelian categories. We show in particular that there is a self-derived (even homotopy) equivalence categorifying the adjoint action of the simple reflection. We construct categorifications for blocks of symmetric groups and deduce that two blocks are splendidly Rickard equivalent whenever they have isomorphic defect groups and we show that this implies Broué's abelian defect group conjecture for symmetric groups. We give similar results for general linear groups over finite fields. The constructions extend to cyclotomic Hecke algebras. We also con…
Big categorification on towers of classical groups and wreath product groups
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University（华中师范大学数学与统计学院）；Department of Mathematics and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学数学系及新Cornerstone科学实验室）；School of Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of MEA (Ministry of Education) & Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University（华东师范大学数学科学学院、教育部MEA重点实验室及上海PMMP重点实验室）
In this survey article we review Kac-Moody and Heisenberg algebra actions on the categories $\mathcal{O}$ of the rational Cherednik algebras associated to groups $G(\ell,1,n)$. Using these actions we solve basic representation theoretic problems for these categories such as the classification of finite dimensional irreducible representations and computation of characters of the irreducibles.
In this paper we propose, firstly, a categorification of virtual braid groups and groupoids in terms of "locally" braided objects in a symmetric category (SC), and, secondly, a definition of self-distributive structures (SDS) in an arbitrary SC. SDS are shown to produce braided objects in a SC. As for examples, we interpret associativity and the Jacobi identity in a SC as generalized self-distributivity, thus endowing associative and Leibniz algebras with a "local" braiding. Our "double braiding" approach provides a natural interpretation for virtual racks and twisted Burau representation. Hom…
The monoidal category of Soergel bimodules categorifies the Hecke algebra of a finite Weyl group. In the case of the symmetric group, morphisms in this category can be drawn as graphs in the plane. We define a quotient category, also given in terms of planar graphs, which categorifies the Temperley-Lieb algebra. Certain ideals appearing in this quotient are related both to the 1-skeleton of the Coxeter complex and to the topology of 2D cobordisms. We demonstrate how further subquotients of this category will categorify the cell modules of the Temperley-Lieb algebra.
We construct knot invariants categorifying the quantum knot variants for all representations of quantum groups. We show that these invariants coincide with previous invariants defined by Khovanov for sl(2) and sl(3) and by Mazorchuk-Stroppel and Sussan for sl(n). Our technique uses categorifications of the tensor product representations of Kac-Moody algebras and quantum groups, constructed a prequel to this paper. These categories are based on the pictorial approach of Khovanov and Lauda. In this paper, we show that these categories are related by functors corresponding to the braiding and (co…
We present a categorification of the non-crossing partitions given by crystallographic Coxeter groups. This involves a category of certain bilinear lattices, which are essentially determined by a symmetrisable generalised Cartan matrix together with a particular choice of a Coxeter element. Examples arise from Grothendieck groups of hereditary artin algebras.
We construct two categorifications of the Lusztig--Vogan module associated to a real reductive algebraic group. The first categorification is given by semisimple complexes in an equivariant derived category, and the second is constructed as a module category over Soergel bimodules. Our categorifications are related by taking equivariant hypercohomology.
There is a long tradition of categorifying combinatorial Hopf algebras by the modules of a tower of algebras (or even better via the representation theory of a tower of groups). From the point of view of combinatorics, such a categorification supplies canonical bases, inner products, and a natural avenue to prove positivity results. Recent ideas in supercharacter theory have made fashioning the representation theory of a tower of groups into a Hopf structure more tractable. This paper applies such a program to the Malvenuto--Reutenauer Hopf algebra. In particular, we design functors on the rep…
We study a presentation of Khovanov - Lauda - Rouquier's candidate $2$-categorification of a quantum group using algebraic rewriting methods. We use a computational approach based on rewriting modulo the isotopy axioms of its pivotal structure to compute a family of linear bases for all the vector spaces of $2$-cells in this $2$-category. We show that these bases correspond to Khovanov and Lauda's conjectured generating sets, proving the non-degeneracy of their diagrammatic calculus. This implies that this $2$-category is a categorification of Lusztig's idempotent and integral quantum group $\…
We categorify one half of the small quantum sl(2) at a prime root of unity. An extension of this construction to an arbitrary simply-laced case is proposed.
We define a category of planar diagrams whose Grothendieck group contains an integral version of the infinite rank Heisenberg algebra, thus yielding a categorification of this algebra. Our category, which is a q-deformation of one defined by Khovanov, acts naturally on the categories of modules for Hecke algebras of type A and finite general linear groups. In this way, we obtain a categorification of the bosonic Fock space. We also develop the theory of parabolic induction and restriction functors for finite groups and prove general results on biadjointness and cyclicity in this setting.
The integral group rings $\mathbb{Z}G$ for finite groups $G$ are precisely those fusion rings whose basis elements have Frobenius-Perron dimension 1, and each is categorifiable in the sense that it arises as the Grothendieck ring of a fusion category. Here we analyze the structure and representation theory of fusion rings with a basis of elements whose Frobenius-Perron dimensions take exactly one value distinct from 1. Our goal is a set of results which assist in characterizing when such fusion rings are categorifiable. As proof of concept, we completely classify the categorifiable near-group …
Let $U$ be a quantized enveloping algebra. We consider the adjoint action of an $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-subalgebra of $U$ on a subalgebra of $U^+$ that is maximal integrable for this action. We categorify this representation in the context of quiver Hecke algebras. We obtain an action of the 2-category associated with $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ on a category of modules over certain quotients of quiver Hecke algebras. Our approach is similar to that of Kang-Kashiwara for categorifications of highest weight modules via cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras. One of the main new features is a compatibility of the cat…
We prove a categorification of the stable elements formula of Cartan and Eilenberg. Our formula expresses the derived category and the stable module category of a group as a bilimit of the corresponding categories for the $p$-subgroups.
We introduce a method for associating a chain complex to a module over a combinatorial category, such that if the complex is exact then the module has a rational Hilbert series. We prove homology--vanishing theorems for these complexes for several combinatorial categories including: the category of finite sets and injections, the opposite of the category of finite sets and surjections, and the category of finite dimensional vector spaces over a finite field and injections. Our main applications are to modules over the opposite of the category of finite sets and surjections, known as $FS^{op}$ …
We categorify Verma and indecomposable projective modules in the category $\mathcal I_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ for $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ using a tensor product decomposition theorem of T. J. Enright and work of J. Chuang and R. Rouquier, A. Licata and A. Savage (Hecke algebras, finite general linear groups, and Heisenberg categorification) and M. Khovanov (Heisenberg algebra and a graphical calculus).
Motivated by recent advances in the categorification of quantum groups at prime roots of unity, we develop a theory of 2-representations for 2-categories enriched with a p-differential which satisfy finiteness conditions analogous to those of finitary or fiat 2-categories. We construct cell 2-representations in this setup, and consider 2-categories stemming from bimodules over a p-dg category in detail. This class is of particular importance in the categorification of quantum groups, which allows us to apply our results to cyclotomic quotients of the categorifications of small quantum group of…
This paper is the first step in the project of categorifying the bialgebra structure on the half of quantum group $U_{q}(\mathfrak{g})$ by using geometry and Hall algebras. We equip the category of D-modules on the moduli stack of objects of the category $Rep_{\mathbb{C}}(Q)$ of representations of a quiver with the structure of an algebra object in the category of stable $\infty$-categories. The data for this construction is provided by an extension of the Waldhausen construction for the category $Rep_{\mathbb{C}}(Q)$. We discuss the connection to the Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier categorification o…
We prove that the quantum unipotent coordinate algebra $A_q(\mathfrak{n}(w))\ $ associated with a symmetric Kac-Moody algebra and its Weyl group element $w$ has a monoidal categorification as a quantum cluster algebra. As an application of our earlier work, we achieve it by showing the existence of a quantum monoidal seed of $A_q(\mathfrak{n}(w))$ which admits the first-step mutations in all the directions. As a consequence, we solve the conjecture that any cluster monomial is a member of the upper global basis up to a power of $q^{1/2}$.
Let S be the direct sum of algebra of symmetric groups C S_n for a non-negative integer n. We show that the Grothendieck group K_0(S) of the category of finite dimensional modules of S is isomorphic to the differential algebra of polynomials Z[D^n x]. Moreover, for a non-negative integer m, we define m-th products on K_0(S) which make the algebra K_0(S) isomorphic to an integral form of the Virasoro-Magri Poisson vertex algebra. Also, we investigate relations between K_0(S) and K_0(N) where K_0(N) is the direct sum of Grothendieck groups K_0(N_n) of finitely generated projective N_n-modules. H…
In Artin-Tits groups attached to Coxeter groups of spherical type, we give a combinatorial formula to express the simple elements of the dual braid monoids in the classical Artin generators. Every simple dual braid is obtained by lifting an $S$-reduced expression of its image in the Coxeter group, in a way which involves Reading's $c$-sortable elements. It has as an immediate consequence that simple dual braids are Mikado braids (the known proofs of this result either require topological realizations of the Artin groups or categorification techniques), and hence that their images in the Iwahor…
We propose a new framework for categorifying skew-symmetrizable cluster algebras. Starting from an exact stably 2-Calabi-Yau category C endowed with the action of a finite group G, we construct a G-equivariant mutation on the set of maximal rigid G-invariant objects of C. Using an appropriate cluster character, we can then attach to these data an explicit skew-symmetrizable cluster algebra. As an application we prove the linear independence of the cluster monomials in this setting. Finally, we illustrate our construction with examples associated with partial flag varieties and unipotent subgro…
We investigate the relation between the Garside normal form for positive braids and the $2$-braid group defined by Rouquier. Inspired by work of Brav and Thomas we show that the Garside normal form is encoded in the action of the $2$-braid group on a certain categorified left cell module. This allows us to deduce the faithfulness of the $2$-braid group in finite type. We also give a new proof of Paris' theorem that the canonical map from the generalized braid monoid to its braid group is injective in arbitrary type.
We give a monoidal presentation of Coxeter and braid 2-groups, in terms of decorated planar graphs. This presentation extends the Coxeter presentation. We deduce a simple criterion for a Coxeter group or braid group to act on a category.
In the paper, we prove that there exists a braid group action on the extended crystal $\widehat{B}(\infty)$ of finite type. The extended crystal $\widehat{B}(\infty)$ and its braid group action are investigated from the viewpoint of crystal similarity. We then interpret the braid group action on $\widehat{B}(\infty)$ in the Hernandez-Leclerc category $\mathscr{C}_\mathfrak{g}^0$.
We categorify a coideal subalgebra of the quantum group of $\mathfrak{sl}_{2r+1}$ by introducing a $2$-category à la Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier, and show that self-dual indecomposable $1$-morphisms categorify the canonical basis of this algebra. This allows us to define a categorical action of this coideal algebra on the categories of modules over cohomology rings of partial flag varieties and on the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$ of type B/C.
Starting from the symmetric group $S_n$, we construct two fiat $2$-categories. One of them can be viewed as the fiat "extension" of the natural $2$-category associated with the symmetric inverse semigroup (considered as an ordered semigroup with respect to the natural order). This $2$-category provides a fiat categorification for the integral semigroup algebra of the symmetric inverse semigroup. The other $2$-category can be viewed as the fiat "extension" of the $2$-category associated with the maximal factorizable subsemigroup of the dual symmetric inverse semigroup (again, considered as an o…
We define highest weight categorical actions of sl_2 on highest weight categories and show that basically all known examples of categorical sl_2-actions on highest weight categories (including rational and polynomial representations of general linear groups, parabolic categories O of type $A$, categories O for cyclotomic Rational Cherednik algebras) are highest weight in our sense. Our main result is an explicit combinatorial description of (the labels of) the crystal on the set of simple objects. A new application of this is to determining the supports of simple modules over the cyclotomic Ra…
We study representations of the loop braid group $LB_n$ from the perspective of extending representations of the braid group $B_n$. We also pursue a generalization of the braid/Hecke/Temperlely-Lieb paradigm---uniform finite dimensional quotient algebras of the loop braid group algebras.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$ of characteristic zero. Define the universal grading group $\mathcal{C}(\mathfrak{g})$ as having one generator $g_ρ$ for each irreducible $\mathfrak{g}$-representation $ρ$, one relation $g_π = g_ρ^{-1}$ whenever $π$ is weakly contained in the dual representation $ρ^*$ (i.e. the kernel of $π$ in the enveloping algebra $U(\mathfrak{g})$ contains that of $ρ^*$), and one relation $g_ρ = g_{ρ'}g_{ρ"}$ whenever $ρ$ is weakly contained in $ρ'\otimesρ"$. The main result is that attaching to an irreducible representation its…
