We prove the existence of multiparameter isospectral deformations of metrics on SO(n) $(n = 9$ and $n\geq 11)$, SU(n) $(n\geq 8)$, and $Sp(n)$ $(n\geq 4)$. For these examples, we follow a metric construction developed by Schueth who had given one-parameter families of isospectral metrics on orthogonal and unitary groups. Our multiparameter families are obtained by a new proof of nontriviality establishing a generic condition for nonisometry of metrics arising from the construction. We also show the existence of non-congruent pairs of isospectral potentials and nonisometric pairs of isospectral conformally equivalent metrics on $Sp(n)$ for $n\geq 6$.
We study the spectral properties of a large class of compact flat Riemannian manifolds of dimension 4, namely, those whose corresponding Bieberbach groups have the canonical lattice as translation lattice. By using the explicit expression of the heat trace of the Laplacian acting on $p$-forms, we determine all $p$-isospectral and $L$-isospectral pairs and we show that in this class of manifolds, isospectrality on functions and isospectrality on $p$-forms for all values of $p$ are equivalent to each other. The list shows for any $p$, $1 \le p \le 3$, many $p$-isospectral pairs that are not isos…
We construct pairs of conformally equivalent isospectral Riemannian metrics $ϕ_1 g$ and $ϕ_2 g$ on spheres $S^n$ and balls $B^{n+1}$ for certain dimensions $n$, the smallest of which is $n=7$, and on certain compact simple Lie groups. In the case of Lie groups, the metric $g$ is left-invariant. In the case of spheres and balls, the metric $g$ is not the standard metric but may be chosen arbitrarily close to the standard one. For the same manifolds $(M,g)$ we also show that the functions $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ are isospectral potentials for the Schrödinger operator $\hbar^2Δ+ϕ$. To our knowledge, thes…
Let a sequence of conformal Riemannian metrics $\{g_k=u_k^2g_0\}$ be isospectral to $g_0$ over a compact boundaryless smooth 4-dimension manifold $(M,g_0)$. We prove that the subsequence of conformal factors $\{u_k\}$ converges to $u$ weakly in $W^{2,p}_{loc}(M\setminus \mathcal{S})$ for some $p<2$, where $\mathcal{S}$ is a finite set of points and $u\in W^{2,p}(M,g_0)$. Moreover, if the isospectral invariant $\frac{\int_M R(g_k)dV_{g_k}}{6\sqrt{\mathrm{Vol}(M,g_k)}}$ is strictly smaller than the Yamabe constant of the standard sphere $\mathbb{S}^4$, then the subsequence of distance functions …
We construct pairs of compact Riemannian orbifolds which are isospectral for the Laplace operator on functions such that the maximal isotropy order of singular points in one of the orbifolds is higher than in the other. In one type of examples, isospectrality arises from a version of the famous Sunada theorem which also implies isospectrality on $p$-forms; here the orbifolds are quotients of certain compact normal homogeneous spaces. In another type of examples, the orbifolds are quotients of Euclidean $\R^3$ and are shown to be isospectral on functions using dimension formulas for the eigensp…
We construct continuous families of pairwise isospectral metrics on various Riemannian manifolds (e.g., Lie groups, projective spaces and products of these with tori) which arise as quotients of other manifolds. This is done by developing a general principle which guarantees that the torus method can be used to simultaneously construct isospectral metrics on a manifold and a quotient of it. Furthermore, a suffient condition will be given such that the constructed metrics are submersion metrics.
We introduce a notion of relative isospectrality for surfaces with boundary having possibly non-compact ends either conformally compact or asymptotic to cusps. We obtain a compactness result for such families via a conformal surgery that allows us to reduce to the case of surfaces hyperbolic near infinity recently studied by Borthwick and Perry, or to the closed case by Osgood, Phillips and Sarnak if there are only cusps.
We construct the first non-trivial examples of compact non-isometric Alexandrov spaces which are isospectral with respect to the Laplacian and not isometric to Riemannian orbifolds. This construction generalizes independent earlier results by the authors based on Schueth's version of the torus method.
Let $(M, g_0)$ be a closed 4-manifold with positive Yamabe invariant and with $L^2$-small Weyl curvature tensor. Let $g_1 \in [g_0]$ be any metric in the conformal class of $g_0$ whose scalar curvature is $L^2$-close to a constant. We prove that the set of Riemannian metrics in the conformal class $[g_0]$ that are isospectral to $g_1$ is compact in the $C^\infty$ topology.
We study the length, weak length and complex length spectrum of closed geodesics of a compact flat Riemannian manifold, comparing length-isospectrality with isospectrality of the Laplacian acting on p-forms. Using integral roots of the Krawtchouk polynomials, we give many pairs of p-isospectral flat manifolds having different lengths of closed geodesics and in some cases, different injectivity radius and different first eigenvalue. We prove a Poisson summation formula relating the p-eigenvalue spectrum with the lengths of closed geodesics. As a consequence we show that the spectrum determines …
We obtain a simple formula for the multiplicity of eigenvalues of the Hodge-Laplace operator, $Δ_f$, acting on sections of the full exterior bundle over an arbitrary compact flat Riemannian n-manifold M with holonomy group Z_2^k, with 0<k<n. This formula implies that any two compact flat manifolds with holonomy group Z_2^k having isospectral lattices of translations are isospectral on forms, that is, with respect to $Δ_f$. As a consequence, we construct a large family of pairwise $Δ_f$-isospectral and nonhomeomorphic n-manifolds of cardinality greater than $2^{(n-1)(n-2)/2}$.
In this paper we construct, for n >= 2, arbitrarily large families of infinite towers of compact, orientable Riemannian n-manifolds which are isospectral but not isometric at each stage. In dimensions two and three, the towers produced consist of hyperbolic 2-manifolds and hyperbolic 3-manifolds, and in these cases we show that the isospectral towers do not arise from Sunada's method.
For any $n\geq 7$, $k\geq 3$, we give pairs of compact flat $n$-manifolds $M, M'$ with holonomy groups $\mathbb Z_2^k$, that are strongly isospectral, hence isospectral on $p$-forms for all values of $p$, having nonisomorphic cohomology rings. Moreover, if $n$ is even, $M$ is Kähler while $M'$ is not. Furthermore, with the help of a computer program we show the existence of large Sunada isospectral families; for instance, for $n=24$ and $k=3$ there is a family of eight compact flat manifolds (four of them Kähler) having very different cohomology rings. In particular, the cardinalities of the s…
We study isospectrality on p-forms of compact flat manifolds by using the equivariant spectrum of the Hodge-Laplacian on the torus. We give an explicit formula for the multiplicity of eigenvalues and a criterion for isospectrality. We construct a variety of new isospectral pairs, for instance, pairs of flat manifolds of dimension n=2p, p>1, not homeomorphic to each other, which are isospectral on p-forms but not on q-forms for q different from p. Also, we give manifolds isospectral on p-forms if and only if p is odd, one of them orientable and the other not, and a pair of 0-isospectral flat ma…
Let $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ be Bieberbach groups contained in the full isometry group $G$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove that if the compact flat manifolds $Γ_1\backslash\mathbb{R}^n$ and $Γ_2\backslash\mathbb{R}^n$ are strongly isospectral then the Bieberbach groups $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ are representation equivalent, that is, the right regular representations $L^2(Γ_1\backslash G)$ and $L^2(Γ_2\backslash G)$ are unitarily equivalent.
Given a simple Lie group $H$ of real rank at least $2$ we show that the maximum cardinality of a set of isospectral non-isometric $H$-locally symmetric spaces of volume at most $x$ grows at least as fast as $x^{c\log x/ (\log\log x)^2}$ where $c = c(H)$ is a positive constant. In contrast with the real rank $1$ case, this bound comes surprisingly close to the total number of such spaces as estimated in a previous work of Belolipetsky and Lubotzky [BL]. Our proof uses Sunada's method, results of [BL], and some deep results from number theory. We also discuss an open number-theoretical problem w…
This article concludes the comprehensive study started in [Sz5], where the first non-trivial isospectral pairs of metrics are constructed on balls and spheres. These investigations incorporate 4 different cases since these balls and spheres are considered both on 2-step nilpotent Lie groups and on their solvable extensions. In [Sz5] the considerations are completely concluded in the ball-case and in the nilpotent-case. The other cases were mostly outlined. In this paper the isospectrality theorems are completely established on spheres. Also the important details required about the solvable ext…
We obtain geometric characterizations of isospectral minimal Riemannian Legendre foliations on compact Sasakian manifolds of constant $ϕ$-sectional curvature.
We introduce a pair of isospectral but non-isometric compact flat 3-manifolds called Tetra (a tetracosm) and Didi (a didicosm). The closed geodesics of Tetra and Didi are very different. Where Tetra has two quarter-twisting geodesics of the shortest length, Didi has four half-twisting geodesics. Nevertheless, these spaces are isospectral. This isospectrality can be proven directly by matching eigenfunctions having the same eigenvalue. However, the real interest of this pair--and what led us to discover it--is the way isospectrality emerges from the Selberg trace formula, as the result of a del…
We show that within the class of left-invariant naturally reductive metrics $\mathcal{M}_{\operatorname{Nat}}(G)$ on a compact simple Lie group $G$, every metric is spectrally isolated. We also observe that any collection of isospectral compact symmetric spaces is finite; this follows from a somewhat stronger statement involving only a finite part of the spectrum.
Super integrable hierarchies associated with color Lie algebra
College of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanchang Hangkong University（南昌航空大学数学与信息科学学院）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan Normal University（河南师范大学数学与统计学院）
The purpose of this article is to present a survey of our recent results on length commensurable and isospectral locally symmetric spaces. The geometric questions led us to the notion of "weak commensurability" of two Zariski-dense subgroups in a semi-simple Lie group. We have shown that for arithmetic subgroups, weak commensurability has surprisingly strong consequences. Our proofs make use of p-adic techniques and results from algebraic and transcendental number theory.
The purpose of this paper is to show that any extension of a minimal Lie foliation on a compact manifold is a transversaly Riemannian g\h- foliation with trivial normal bundle. This result permits to classify the extensions of a minimal Lie foliation on a compact manifold from the Lie subgroups of its Lie group.
We give a classification, up to local isomorphisms, of semi-simple Lie groups without compact factors that can act faithfully and conformally on a compact Lorentz manifold of dimension greater than or equal to $3$.
In this paper we classify the reducible representations of compact simple Lie groups all of whose orbits are tautly embedded in Euclidean space with respect to Z_2 coefficients.
We give a new method for manufacturing complete minimal submanifolds of compact Lie groups and their homogeneous quotient spaces. For this we make use of harmonic morphisms and basic representation theory of Lie groups. We then apply our method to construct many examples of compact minimal submanifolds of the special unitary groups.
Based on the representation theory and the study on the involutions of compact simple Lie groups, we show that $F_4$ admits non-naturally reductive Einstein metrics.
Let $G$ be a connected, simply-connected, compact simple Lie group. In this paper, we show that the isometry group of $G$ with a left-invariant pseudo-Riemannan metric is compact. Furthermore, the identity component of the isometry group is compact if $G$ is not simply-connected.
We describe the full group of isometries of absolutely simple, compact, connected real Lie groups, of SO(4) and of U(n), endowed with suitable bi-invariant Riemannian metrics.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for orbits of commutative Hermann actions and actions of the direct product of two symmetric subgroups on compact Lie groups to be biharmonic in terms of symmetric triad with multiplicities. By this criterion, we determine all the proper biharmonic submanifolds in irreducible symmetric spaces of compact type which are singular orbits of commutative Hermann actions of cohomogeneity two. Also, in compact simple Lie groups, we determine all the biharmonic hypersurfaces which are regular orbits of actions of the direct product of two symmetric subgroups…
We continue our exploration of the extent to which the spectrum encodes the local geometry of a locally homogeneous three-manifold and find that if $(M,g)$ and $(N,h)$ are a pair of locally homogeneous, locally non-isometric isospectral three-manifolds, where $M$ is an elliptic three-manifold, then $(1)$ $N$ is also an elliptic three-manifold, $(2)$ $M$ and $N$ have fundamental groups of different orders, $(3)$ $(M,g)$ and $(N,h)$ both have non-degenerate Ricci tensors and $(4)$ the metrics $g$ and $h$ are sufficiently far from a metric of constant sectional curvature. We are unaware of any su…
In this short note, we prove that a bi-invariant Riemannian metric on $\mathrm{Sp}(n)$ is uniquely determined by the spectrum of its Laplace-Beltrami operator within the class of left-invariant metrics on $\mathrm{Sp}(n)$. In other words, on any of these compact simple Lie groups, every left-invariant metric which is not right-invariant cannot be isospectral to a bi-invariant metric. The proof is elementary and uses a very strong spectral obstruction proved by Gordon, Schueth, and Sutton.
We show that, in compact semisimple Lie groups and Lie algebras, any neighbourhood of the identity gets mapped, under the commutator map, to a neighbourhood of the identity.
The reduction of biharmonic maps equation in terms of the Maurer-Cartan form for all smooth map of any compact Riemannian manifolds into a compact Lie group with bi-invariant Riemannian metric is obtained. By this formula, all the biharmonic curves into a compact Lie group and all biharmonic maps from a 2-dimensional open domain into a compact Lie group are characterized.
Pittie [Pit88] proved that the Dolbeault cohomology of all left-invariant complex structures on compact Lie groups can be computed by looking at the Dolbeault cohomology induced on a conveniently chosen maximal torus. We use the algebraic classification of left-invariant CR structures of maximal rank on compact Lie groups [CK04] to generalize Pittie's result to left-invariant Levi-flat CR structures of maximal rank on compact Lie groups.
This paper computes the obstruction to the existence of equivariant extensions of basic gerbes over non-simply connected compact simple Lie groups. By modifying a (finite dimensional) construction of Gawȩdzki-Reis [J. Geom. Phys. 50(1):28-55, 2004], we exhibit basic equivariant bundle gerbes over non-simply connected compact simple Lie groups.
A compact semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ induces a Poisson structure $π$ on the unit sphere $S$ in $\mathfrak{g}^*$. We compute the moduli space of Poisson structures on $S$ around $π$. This is the first explicit computation of a Poisson moduli space in dimension greater or equal than three around a degenerate (i.e. not symplectic) Poisson structure.
Motivated by considerations of euclidean quantum gravity, we investigate a central question of spectral geometry, namely the question of reconstructability of compact Riemannian manifolds from the spectra of their Laplace operators. To this end, we study analytic paths of metrics that induce isospectral Laplace-Beltrami operators over oriented compact surfaces without boundary. Applying perturbation theory, we show that sets of conformally equivalent metrics on such surfaces contain no nontrivial convex subsets. This indicates that cases where the manifolds cannot be reconstructed from their s…
It is proved that the orbit space of an irreducible representation of a simple connected compact Lie group of type B, C, or D can be a smooth manifold only in two cases.
The 2-rank of a compact Lie group $G$ is the maximal possible rank of the elementary 2-subgroup ${\mathbb Z}_{2}\times... {\mathbb Z}_{2}$ of $G$. The study of 2-ranks (and $p$-rank for any prime $p$) of compact Lie groups was initiated in 1953 by A. Borel and J.-P. Serre. Since then the 2-ranks of compact Lie groups have been investigated by many mathematician. The 2-ranks of compact Lie groups relate closely with several important areas in mathematics. In this article, we survey important results concerning 2-ranks of compact Lie groups. In particular, we present the complete determination o…
We consider deformations of left-invariant complex structures on simply connected semisimple compact Lie groups which are a priori non-invariant. Computing their cohomologies, we show that they are not actually biholomorphic to left-invariant (right-invariant) complex structures.
Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group equipped with a bi-invariant metric. We calculate the asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel of the laplacian on $G$ and the heat trace using Lie algebra methods. The Duflo isomorphism plays a key role.
We expose a K-theoretic approach to study group C*-algebras and C*-algebraic compact quantum groups: 1. The conception of multidimensional geometric quantization and the index of group C*-algebras; 2. the entire homology of noncommutative de Rham currents and the noncommutative Chern characters, and their computation for C*-algebras of compact Lie groups and compact quantum groups.
