Exotic bialgebras : non-deformation quantum groups
D. Arnaudon, A. Chakrabarti, V. K. Dobrev, S. G. Mihov
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11 pages, LaTeX2e, requires ws-procs9x6.cls; using packages: amsfonts, amsmath, amssymb; talk by D.A. at 5-th International Workshop "Lie Theory and Its Applications in Physics", Varna, Bulgaria, (June 2003), to appear in the Proceedings (World Scientific, Singapore, 2004)
In the classification of solutions of the Yang--Baxter equation, there are solutions that are not deformations of the trivial solution (essentially the identity). We consider the algebras defined by these solutions, and the corresponding dual algebras. We then study the representations of the latter. We are also interested in the Baxterisation of these $R$-matrices and in the corresponding quantum planes.
In this paper we prove formality of the exterior algebra on V+V* endowed with the big bracket considered as a graded Poisson algebra. We also discuss connection of this result to bialgebra deformations of the symmetric algebra of V considered as bialgebra.
A model of 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory is rigorously constructed. The results are applied to an explicit formula for deformation quantization of any finite-dimensional Lie bialgebra over the field of complex numbers. This gives an explicit construction of "quantum groups" from any Lie bialgebra, which was proven without explicit formulas in [EK].
We compute the homotopy derivations of the properads governing even and odd Lie bialgebras as well as involutive Lie bialgebras. The answer may be expressed in terms of the Kontsevich graph complexes. In particular, this shows that the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group acts faithfully (and essentially transitively) on the completions of the properads governing even Lie bialgebras and involutive Lie bialgebras, up to homotopy. This shows also that by contrast to the even case the properad governing odd Lie bialgebras admits precisely one non-trivial automorphism - the standard rescaling automorphi…
In the classification of Hietarinta, three triangular $4\times 4$ $R$-matrices lead, via the FRT formalism, to matrix bialgebras which are not deformations of the trivial one. In this paper, we find the bialgebras which are in duality with these three exotic matrix bialgebras. We note that the $L-T$ duality of FRT is not sufficient for the construction of the bialgebras in duality. We find also the quantum planes corresponding to these bialgebras both by the Wess-Zumino R-matrix method and by Manin's method.
Hom-bialgebras and Hom-Hopf algebras are generalizations of bialgebra and Hopf algebra structures, where associativity and coassociativity conditions are twisted by a homomorphism. The purpose of this paper is to define a Gerstenhaber-Schack cohomology complex for Hom-bialgebras and then study one parameter formal deformations.
We introduce the graded bialgebra deformations, which explain Andruskiewitsch-Schneider's liftings method. We also relate this graded bialgebra deformation with the corresponding graded bialgebra cohomology groups, which is the graded version of the one due to Gerstenhaber-Schack.
We find the exotic matrix bialgebras which correspond to the two non-triangular nonsingular 4x4 R-matrices in the classification of Hietarinta, namely, R_{S0,3} and R_{S1,4}. We find two new exotic bialgebras S03 and S14 which are not deformations of the of the classical algebras of functions on GL(2) or GL(1|1). With this we finalize the classification of the matrix bialgebras which unital associative algebras generated by four elements. We also find the corresponding dual bialgebras of these new exotic bialgebras and study their representation theory in detail. We also discuss in detail a sp…
A first goal of this paper is to precisely relate the homotopy theories of bialgebras and $E_2$-algebras. For this, we construct a conservative and fully faithful $\infty$-functor from pointed conilpotent homotopy bialgebras to augmented $E_2$-algebras which consists in an appropriate "cobar" construction. Then we prove that the (derived) formal moduli problem of homotopy bialgebras structures on a bialgebra is equivalent to the (derived) formal moduli problem of $E_2$-algebra structures on this "cobar" construction. We show consequently that the $E_3$-algebra structure on the higher Hochschil…
We give explicit formulas for maps in a long exact sequence connecting bialgebra cohomology to Hochschild cohomology. We give a sufficient condition for the connecting homomorphism to be surjective. We apply these results to compute all bialgebra two-cocycles of certain Radford biproducts (bosonizations). These two-cocycles are precisely those associated to the finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras in the recent classification of Andruskiewitsch and Schneider, in an interpretation of these Hopf algebras as graded bialgebra deformations of Radford biproducts.
The exotic bialgebra S03, defined by a solution of the Yang-Baxter equation, which is not a deformation of the trivial, is considered. Its FRT dual algebra $s03_F$ is studied. The Baxterisation of the dual algebra is given in two different parametrisations. The finite-dimensional representations of $s03_F$ are considered. Diagonalisations of the braid matrices are used to yield remarkable insights concerning representations of the L-algebra and to formulate the fusion of finite-dimensional representations. Possible applications are considered, in particular, an exotic eight-vertex model and an…
We compactify the spaces $K(m,n)$ introduced by Maxim Kontsevich. The initial idea was to construct an $L_\infty$ algebra governing the deformations of a (co)associative bialgebra. However, this compactification leads not to a resolution of the PROP of (co)associative bialgebras, but to a new algebraic structure we call here a CROC. It turns out that these constructions are related to the non-commutative deformations of (co)associative bialgebras. We construct an associative dg algebra conjecturally governing the non-commutative deformations of a bialgebra. Then, using the Quillen duality, we …
This paper is a continuation of "Quantization of Lie bialgebras I-IV". The goal of this paper is to define and study the notion of a quantum vertex operator algebra in the setting of the formal deformation theory and give interesting examples of such algebras. In particular, we construct a quantum vertex operator algebra from a rational, trigonometric, or elliptic R-matrix, which is a quantum deformation of the affine vertex operator algebra. The simplest vertex operator in this algebra is the quantum current of Reshetikhin and Semenov-Tian-Shansky.
We study the geometric aspects of two exotic bialgebras S03 and S14 introduced in math.QA/0206053. These bialgebras are obtained by the Faddeev-Reshetikhin-Takhtajan RTT prescription with non-triangular R-matrices which are denoted $R_{03}$ and $R_{14}$ in the classification of Hietarinta, and they are not deformations of either GL(2) or GL(1/1). We give the spectral decomposition which involves two, resp., three, projectors. These projectors are then used to provide the Baxterisation procedure with one, resp., two, parameters. Further, the projectors are used to construct the noncommutative p…
We settle several questions about the theory of universal deformation quantization of Lie bialgebras by giving their complete classification up to homotopy equivalence. An important new technical ingredient introduced in this paper is an endofunctor D in the category of augmented props with the property that for any representation of a prop P in a vector space V the associated prop DP admits an induced representation on the graded commutative tensor algebra S(V) given in terms of polydifferential operators. Applying this functor to the prop LieB of Lie bialgebras we show that universal formali…
Additive deformations of bialgebras in the sense of J. Wirth, i.e. deformations of the multiplication map fulfilling a certain compatibility condition w.r.t. the coalgebra structure, can be generalized to braided bialgebras. The theorems for additive deformations of Hopf algebras can also be carried over to that case. We consider *-structures and prove a general Schoenberg correspondence in this context. Finally we give some examples.
Lie bialgebra contractions are introduced and classified. A non-degenerate coboundary bialgebra structure is implemented into all pseudo-orthogonal algebras $so(p,q)$ starting from the one corresponding to $so(N+1)$. It allows to introduce a set of Lie bialgebra contractions which leads to Lie bialgebras of quasi-orthogonal algebras. This construction is explicitly given for the cases $N=2,3,4$. All Lie bialgebra contractions studied in this paper define Hopf algebra contractions for the Drinfel'd-Jimbo deformations $U_z so(p,q)$. They are explicitly used to generate new non-semisimple quantum…
We analyze among all possible quantum deformations of the 3+1 (anti)de Sitter algebras, so(3,2) and so(4,1), which have two specific non-deformed or primitive commuting operators: the time translation/energy generator and a rotation. We prove that under these conditions there are only two families of two-parametric (anti)de Sitter Lie bialgebras. All the deformation parameters appearing in the bialgebras are dimensionful ones and they may be related to the Planck length. Some properties conveyed by the corresponding quantum deformations (zero-curvature and non-relativistic limits, space isotro…
We show Koszulness of the prop governing involutive Lie bialgebras and also of the props governing non-unital and unital-counital Frobenius algebras, solving a long-standing problem. This gives us minimal models for their deformation complexes, and for deformation complexes of their algebras which are discussed in detail. Using an operad of graph complexes we prove, with the help of an earlier result of one of the authors, that there is a highly non-trivial action of the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group $GRT_1$ on (completed versions of) the minimal models of the properads governing Lie bialgebr…
The dimension of the third homogeneous component of a matrix quantum bialgebra, determined by pair of quantum spaces, is calculated. The Poincaré series of some deformations of $GL(n)$ is calculated. A new deformation of $GL(3)$ with the correct dimension is given.
We introduce a concept of $\frac23$PROP generalizing the Kontsevich concept of $\frac12$PROP. We prove that some Stasheff-type compactification of the Kontsevich spaces $K(m,n)$ defines a topological $\frac23$PROP structure. The corresponding chain complex is a minimal model for its cohomology (both are considered as $\frac23$PROPs). We construct a $\frac23$PROP $\End(V)$ for a vector space $V$. Finally, we construct a dg Lie algebra controlling the deformations of a (co)associative bialgebra. Philosophically, this construction is a version of the Markl's operadic construction from [M1] applie…
In this paper we focus on a certain self-distributive multiplication on coalgebras, which leads to so-called rack bialgebra. We construct canon-ical rack bialgebras (some kind of enveloping algebras) for any Leibniz algebra. Our motivation is deformation quantization of Leibniz algebras in the sense of [6]. Namely, the canonical rack bialgebras we have constructed for any Leibniz algebra lead to a simple explicit formula of the rack-star-product on the dual of a Leibniz algebra recently constructed by Dherin and Wagemann in [6]. We clarify this framework setting up a general deformation theory…
The Lie bialgebras of the (1+1) extended Galilei algebra are obtained and classified into four multiparametric families. Their quantum deformations are obtained, together with the corresponding deformed Casimir operators. For the coboundary cases quantum universal R-matrices are also given. Applications of the quantum extended Galilei algebras to classical integrable systems are explicitly developed.
Multiparametric quantum deformations of $gl(2)$ are studied through a complete classification of $gl(2)$ Lie bialgebra structures. From them, the non-relativistic limit leading to harmonic oscillator Lie bialgebras is implemented by means of a contraction procedure. New quantum deformations of $gl(2)$ together with their associated quantum $R$-matrices are obtained and other known quantizations are recovered and classified. Several connections with integrable models are outlined.
We construct quantization functors of quasi-Lie bialgebras. We establish a bijection between this set of quantization functors, modulo equivalence and twist equivalence, and the set of quantization functors of Lie bialgebras, modulo equivalence. This is based on the acyclicity of the kernel of the natural morphism from the universal deformation complex of quasi-Lie bialgebras to that of Lie bialgebras. The proof of this acyclicity consists in several steps, ending up in the acyclicity of a complex related to free Lie algebras, namely, the universal version of the Lie algebra cohomology complex…
We introduce a general theory of twisting algebraic structures based on actions of a bialgebra. These twists are closely related to algebraic deformations and also to the theory of quasi-triangular bialgebras. In particular, a deformation produced from a universal deformation formula (UDF) is a special case of a twist. The most familiar example of a deformation produced from a UDF is perhaps the "Moyal product" which (locally) is the canonical quantization of the algebra of functions on a symplectic manifold in the direction of the Poisson bracket. In this case, the derivations comprising the …
We construct a bialgebra object in the category of linear maps LM from a cocommutative rack bialgebra. The construction does extend to some non-cocommutative rack bialgebras, as is illustrated by a concrete example. As a separate result, we show that the Loday complex with adjoint coefficients embeds into the rack bialgebra deformation complex for the rack bialgebra defined by a Leibniz algebra.
We solve a functional version of the problem of twist quantization of a coboundary Lie bialgebra (g,r,Z). We derive from this the following results: (a) the formal Poisson manifolds g^* and G^* are isomorphic; (b) we construct a subalgebra of U(g^*), isomorphic to S(g^*)^g. When g can be quantized, we construct a deformation of the morphism S(g^*)^g subset U(g^*). When g is quasitriangular and nondegenerate, we compare our construction with Semenov-Tian-Shansky's construction of a commutative subalgebra of U(g^*). We also show that the canonical derivation of the function ring of G^* is Hamilt…
The quantum bialgebra related to the Baxter's eight-vertex R-matrix is found as a quantum deformation of the Lie algebra of sl(2)-valued automorphic functions on a complex torus.
Let $A$ be a Hopf algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic zero such that its coradical $H$ is a finite dimensional sub-Hopf algebra. Our main theorem shows that there is a gauge transformation $ζ$ on $A$ such that $A^ζ\cong Q#H$ where $A^ζ$ is the dual quasi-bialgebra obtained from $A$ by twisting its multiplication by $ζ$, $Q$ is a connected dual quasi-bialgebra in $^H_H\mathcal{YD}$ and $Q #H $ is a dual quasi-bialgebra called the bosonization of $Q$ by $H$.
If A is a bialgebra over a field k and M, N are either left-right Yetter-Drinfel'd modules or left-right Hopf modules over A, we construct deformation cohomologies H^*(M,N) as total cohomologies of certain double complexes Y(M,N) and C(M,N), respectively. In both cases, H^1(M,N) is isomorphic to the group of equivalence classes of extensions of M by N in the corresponding category. In the Yetter-Drinfel'd case, H^*(k,k) is just the Gerstenhaber-Schack cohomology of the bialgebra A. If M, N are Hopf bimodules we construct a natural subbicomplex of the above C(M,N), yielding a cohomology theory …
Lie bialgebra structures on $e(2)$ are classified. For two Lie bialgebra structures which are not coboundaries (i.e. which are not determined by a classical $r$-matrix) we solve the cocycle condition, find the Lie-Poisson brackets and obtain quantum group relations. There is one to one correspondence between Lie bialgebra structures on $e(2)$ and possible quantum deformations of $U(e(2))$ and $E(2)$.
We quantize the Poisson-Lie group SL(2,R)^* as a bialgebra using the product of Kontsevich. The coproduct is a deformation of the coproduct that comes from the group structure. The resulting bialgebra structure is isomorphic to the quantum universal enveloping algebra U_hsl(2,R).
The limiting transitions between different types of quantizations are studied by the deformation theory methods. We prove that for the first order coboundary deformation (g,g*_1 + x g*_2) of a Lie bialgebra (g,g*) one can always get the quantized Lie bialgebra (g,g*_2) as a limit of the sequence of quantizations of the type A(g,g*_1). The obtained results are illustrated by some low-dimensional examples of quantized Lie algebras and superalgebras.
The purpose of this paper is to define an $α$-type cohomology, which we call $α$-type Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology, for Hom-Lie algebras. We relate it to the known Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology and provide explicit computations for some examples. Moreover, using this cohomology we study formal deformations of Hom-Lie algebras, where the bracket as well as the structure map $α$ are deformed. Furthermore, we provide a generalization of the Grand Crochet and study, in a particular case, the $α$-type cohomology for Hom-Lie bialgebras.
Proposing a certain category of bialgebroid maps we show that the balanced depth 2 extensions appear as they were the finitary Galois extensions in the context of quantum groupoid actions, i.e., actions by finite bialgebroids, weak bialgebras or weak Hopf algebras. We comment on deformation of weak bialgebras, on half grouplike elements, on uniqueness of weak Hopf algebra reconstructions and discuss the example of separable field extensions.
We define the cohomology and formal deformation theories for algebra and bialgebra categories. We suggest some approaches to finding nontrivial deformations of the categories associated to the quantum groups by the work of Lusztig.
Let $G$ be a Poisson Lie group and $\g$ its Lie bialgebra. Suppose that $\g$ is a group Lie bialgebra. This means that there is an action of a discrete group $Γ$ on $G$ deforming the Poisson structure into coboundary equivalent ones. Starting from this we construct a non-trivial stack of Hopf-Poisson algebras and prove the existence of associated deformation quantizations. This non-trivial stack is a stack of functions on the formal Poisson group, dual of the starting $Γ$ Poisson-Lie group. To quantize this non-trivial stack we use quantization of a $Γ$ Lie bialgebra which is the infinitesimal…
The dual Lie bialgebra of a certain ``quasitriangular'' Lie bialgebra structure on the Heisenberg Lie algebra determines a (non-compact) Poisson--Lie group G. The compatible Poisson bracket on G is non-linear, but it can still be realized as a ``cocycle perturbation'' of the linear Poisson bracket. We construct a certain twisted group C*-algebra A, which is shown to be a strict deformation quantization of G. Motivated by the data at the Poisson (classical) level, we then construct on A its locally compact quantum group structures: comultiplication, counit, antipode and Haar weight, as well as …
The cyclic (co)homology of Hopf algebras is defined by Connes and Moscovici [math.DG/9806109] and later extended by Khalkhali et.al [math.KT/0306288] to admit stable anti-Yetter-Drinfeld coefficient module/comodules. In this paper we will show that one can further extend the cyclic homology of Hopf algebras with coefficients non-trivially. The new homology, called the bialgebra cyclic homology, admits stable coefficient module/comodules, dropping the anti-Yetter-Drinfeld condition. This fact allows the new homology to use bialgebras, not just Hopf algebras. We will also give computations for b…
This is the second part of the article [math.KT/0408094]. In the first paper, we used the underlying coalgebra structure to develop a cyclic theory. In this paper we define a dual theory by using the algebra structure. We define a cyclic homology theory for triples $(X,B,Y)$ where $B$ is a bialgebra, $X$ is a $B$--comodule algebra and $Y$ is just a stable $B$--module/comodule. We recover the main result of [math.KT/0310088] that these homology theories are dual to each other in the appropriate sense when the bialgebra is a Hopf algebra and the stable coefficient module satisfies anti-Yetter-Dr…
All Lie bialgebra structures for the (1+1)-dimensional centrally extended Schrodinger algebra are explicitly derived and proved to be of the coboundary type. Therefore, since all of them come from a classical r-matrix, the complete family of Schrodinger Poisson-Lie groups can be deduced by means of the Sklyanin bracket. All possible embeddings of the harmonic oscillator, extended Galilei and gl(2) Lie bialgebras within the Schrodinger classification are studied. As an application, new quantum (Hopf algebra) deformations of the Schrodinger algebra, including their corresponding quantum universa…
A general deformation theory of algebras which factorise into two subalgebras is studied. It is shown that the classification of deformations is related to the cohomology of a certain double complex reminiscent of the Gerstenhaber-Schack complex of a bialgebra.
In order to obtain a classification of all possible quantum deformations of the two-photon algebra $h_6$, we introduce its corresponding general Lie bialgebra, which is a coboundary one. Two non-standard quantum deformations of $h_6$, together with their associated quantum universal R-matrix, are presented; each of them contains either a quantum harmonic oscillator subalgebra or a quantum gl(2) subalgebra. One-boson representations for these quantum two-photon algebras are derived and translated into Fock--Bargmann realizations. In this way, a systematic study of `deformed' states of light in …
We study Thomas Willwacher's twisting endofunctor tw in the category of dg properads P under the operad of (strongly homotopy) Lie algebras. It is proven that if P is a properad under properad Lieb of Lie bialgebras , then the associated twisted properad tw(P) becomes in general a properad under quasi-Lie bialgebras (rather than under Lieb). This result implies that the cyclic cohomology of any cyclic homotopy associative algebra has in general an induced structure of a quasi-Lie bialgebra. We show that the cohomology of the twisted properad tw(Lieb) is highly non-trivial -- it contains the co…
We examine classes of quantum algebras emerging from involutive, non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and their q-analogues. After providing some universal results on quasi-bialgebras and admissible Drinfeld twists we show that the quantum algebras produced from set-theoretic solutions and their q-analogues are in fact quasi-triangular quasi-bialgebras. Specific illustrative examples compatible with our generic findings are worked out. In the q-deformed case of set-theoretic solutions we also construct admissible Drinfeld twists similar to the set-theoretic ones, …
Let $H$ be a Hopf algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic $0$ and let $A$ be a bialgebra or Hopf algebra such that $H$ is isomorphic to a sub-Hopf algebra of $A$ and there is an $H$-bilinear coalgebra projection $π$ from $A$ to $H$ which splits the inclusion. Then $A \cong R \#_ξH$ where $R$ is the pre-bialgebra of coinvariants. In this paper we study the deformations of $A$ by an $H$-bilinear cocycle. If $γ$ is a cocycle for $A$, then $γ$ can be restricted to a cocycle $γ_R$ for $R$, and $A^γ\cong R^{γ_R} \#_{ξ_γ} H$. As examples, we consider liftings of $\mathcal{B}(V) \# K[Γ]$ where $Γ$ …
Certain quantization problems are equivalent to the construction of morphisms from "quantum" to "classical" props. Once such a morphism is constructed, Hensel's lemma shows that it is in fact an isomorphism. This gives a new, simple proof that any Etingof-Kazhdan quantization functor is an equivalence of categories between quantized universal enveloping (QUE) algebras and Lie bialgebras over a formal series ring (dequantization). We apply the same argument to construct dequantizations of formal solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation and of quasitriangular QUE algebras. We also give stru…
