To a hyperbolic smooth curve defined over a number-field one naturally associates an "anabelian" representation of the absolute Galois group of the base field landing in outer automorphism group of the algebraic fundamental group. In this paper, we introduce several deformation problems for Lie-algebra versions of the above representation and show that, this way we get a richer structure than those coming from deformations of "abelian" Galois representations induced by the Tate module of associated Jacobian variety. We develop an arithmetic deformation theory of graded Lie algebras with finite dimensional graded components to serve our purpose.
This paper is devoted to deformation theory of "anabelian" representations of the absolute Galois group landing in outer automorphism group of the algebraic fundamental group of a hyperbolic smooth curve defined over a number-field. In the first part of this paper, we obtained universal deformations for Lie-algebra versions of the above representation using the Schlessinger criteria for functors on Artin local rings. In the second part, we use a version of Schlessinger criteria for functors on the Artinian category of nilpotent Lie algebras which is formulated by Pridham, and explore arithmeti…
We introduce an $A_\infty$-algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology of the endomorphism bimodule of a finite-dimensional representation of an associative algebra. We prove that this structure determines a presentation for non-commutative deformations of the representation. From this, we deduce presentations of universal deformation rings of Galois representations. In turn, we apply these presentations in order to deduce universal deformation rings of Galois pseudorepresentations, supplying a a tangent and obstruction theory for pseudorepresentations. This generalizes the broadly used tan…
We prove that, on average, elliptic curves over Q have finitely many primes p for which they possess a p-adic point of order p. We include a discussion of applications to companion forms and the deformation theory of Galois representations.
We studied framed deformations of two dimensional Galois representation of which the residue representation restrict to decomposition groups are scalars, and established a modular lifting theorem for certain cases. We then proved a family version of the result, and used it to determine the structure of deformation rings over characteristic zero fields. These can be applied to the study of exceptional zero of p-adic L-function.
We survey some recent progress on generalizations of conjectures of Serre concerning the cohomology of arithmetic groups, focusing primarily on the "weight" aspect. This is intimately related to (generalizations of) a conjecture of Breuil and Mézard relating the geometry of potentially semistable deformation rings to modular representation theory. Recently, B. Levin, S. Morra, and the authors established these conjectures in tame generic contexts by constructing projective varieties (local models) in mixed characteristic whose singularities model, in generic cases, those of tamely potentially …
We define a derived version of Mazur's Galois deformation ring. It is a pro-simplicial ring $\mathcal{R}$ classifying deformations of a fixed Galois representation to simplicial coefficient rings; its zeroth homotopy group $π_0 \mathcal{R}$ recovers Mazur's deformation ring. We give evidence that these rings $\mathcal{R}$ occur in the wild: For suitable Galois representations, the Langlands program predicts that $π_0 \mathcal{R}$ should act on the homology of an arithmetic group. We explain how the Taylor--Wiles method can be used to upgrade such an action to a graded action of $π_* \mathcal{R…
Nigel Boston and Barry Mazur have shown how to determine the natural subspaces of certain S_3-extensions of the rationals, which they term "generic". We extend some of their results to another class of extensions, called "degenerate".
We study the behavior of Iwasawa invariants among ordinary deformations of a fixed residual Galois representation taking values in a reductive algebraic group G. In particular, under the assumption that these Selmer groups are cotorsion modules over the Iwasawa algebra, we show that the vanishing of the mu invariant is independent of the deformation, while the lambda invariant depends only on the ramification. This generalizes work of Greenberg-Vatsal and Emerton-Pollack and the author in the case G = GL(2).
We construct infinitely ramified Galois representations $ρ$ such that the $a_l (ρ)$'s have distributions in contrast to the statements of Sato-Tate, Lang-Trotter and others. Using similar methods we deform a residual Galois representation for number fields and obtain an infinitely ramified representation with very large image, generalising a result of Ramakrishna.
The global deformation theory of residually reducible Galois representations with fixed auxiliary conditions is studied. We show that $\barρ:\operatorname{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\rightarrow \operatorname{GL}_2(\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p)$ lifts to a Hida line for which the weights range over a congruence class modulo-$p^2$. The advantage of the purely Galois theoretic approach is that it allows us to construct $p$-adic families of Galois representations lifting the actual representation $\barρ$, and not just the semisimplification.
In a recent work of Galatius and Venkatesh, the authors showed the importance of studying simplicial generalizations of Galois deformation functors. They established a precise link between the simplicial universal deformation ring $R$ prorepresenting such a deformation problem (with local conditions) and a derived Hecke algebra. Here we focus on the algebraic part of their study which we complete in two directions. First, we introduce the notion of simplicial pseudo-characters and prove relations between the (derived) deformation functors of simplicial pseudo-characters and that of simplicial …
For a smooth group scheme $G$ over an extension of $\mathbf{Z}_p$ such that the generic fiber of $G$ is reductive, we study the generic fiber of the Galois deformation ring for a $G$-valued mod $p$ representation of the absolute Galois group of a finite extension of $\mathbf{Q}_\ell$ with $\ell \neq p$. In particular, we show it admits a regular dense open locus, and that it is equidimensional of dimension $\dim G$.
In this article, we use deformation theory of Galois representations valued in the symplectic group of degree four to prove a freeness result for the cohomology of certain quaternionic unitary Shimura variety over the universal deformation ring for certain type of residual representation satisfying a property called rigidity. This result plays an important role in the proof of the arithmetic level raising theorem for the symplectic similitude group of degree four over the field of rational numbers by the author.
In this article, we study deformations of conjugate self-dual Galois representations. The study has two folds. First, we prove an R=T type theorem for a conjugate self-dual Galois representation with coefficients in a finite field, satisfying a certain property called rigid. Second, we study the rigidity property for the family of residue Galois representations attached to a symmetric power of an elliptic curve, as well as to a regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal representation.
We construct projective varieties in mixed characteristic whose singularities model, in generic cases, those of tamely potentially crystalline Galois deformation rings for unramified extensions of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ with small regular Hodge-Tate weights. We establish several significant facts about their geometry including a unibranch property at special points and a representation theoretic description of the irreducible components of their special fibers. We derive from these geometric results a number of local and global consequences: the Breuil-Mézard conjecture in arbitrary dimension for tame…
Building on lifting results of Ramakrishna, Khare and Ramakrishna proved a purely Galois-theoretic level-raising theorem for two-dimensional odd representations of the Galois group of Q. In this paper, we generalize these techniques from type A1 to general (semi-)simple groups. We then strengthen our previous results on constructing geometric Galois representations with exceptional monodromy groups, achieving such constructions for almost all l, rather than a density-one set, and achieving greater flexibility in the Hodge numbers of the lifts; the latter improvement requires the new level-rais…
In this paper, we discuss the variation of the numbers of the isomorphic classes of stable lattices when the weight and the level varies in a Hida deformation by using the Kubota-Leopoldt $p$-adic $L$-function. As a corollary, we give a sufficient condition for the numbers of the isomorphic classes of stable lattices in Hida deformation to be infinite.
For any simple algebraic group $G$ of exceptional type, we construct geometric $\ell$-adic Galois representations with algebraic monodromy group equal to $G$, in particular producing the first such examples in types $\mathrm{F}_4$ and $\mathrm{E}_6$. To do this, we extend to general reductive groups Ravi Ramakrishna's techniques for lifting odd two-dimensional Galois representations to geometric $\ell$-adic representations.
We study the rigid generic fiber $\mathcal{X}^\square_{\overlineρ}$ of the framed deformation space of the trivial representation $\overlineρ: G_K \to \text{GL}_n(k)$ where $k$ is a finite field of characteristic $p>0$ and $G_K$ is the absolute Galois group of a finite extension $K/\mathbf{Q}_p$. Under some mild conditions on $K$ we prove that $\mathcal{X}^\square_{\overlineρ}$ is normal. When $p > n$ we describe its irreducible components, and show Zariski density of its crystalline points.
In this article, we study the pseudo-isomorphism class of the dual fine Selmer group $X$ attached to a $p$-adic Galois deformation whose deformation ring $Λ$ is isomorphic to the ring of formal power series. By using the "Kolyvagin system" arising from a given Euler system $c$, we shall construct ideals $C_i(c)$ of $Λ$, and prove that the ideals $C_i(c)$ approximate the higher Fitting ideals of $X$ under suitable hypothesis. In particular, we shall prove that the ideals $C_i(c)$ arising from the Euler system of Beilinson-Kato elements determine the pseudo-isomorphism classes of the dual fine S…
Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p > 2$, and let $K$ be a finite totally ramified extension of $W(k)[\frac{1}{p}]$. We prove that the locus of potentially semi-stable $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{K}/K)$-representations of a given Hodge-Tate type and Galois type is a closed subspace of the universal deformation ring, generalizing the result of Kisin (2007) where $k$ is assumed to be finite.
For a representation of the absolute Galois group of the rationals over a finite field of characteristic $p$, we study the existence of a lift to characteristic zero that is geometric in the sense of the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture. For two-dimensional representations, Ramakrishna proved that under technical assumptions odd representations admit geometric lifts. We generalize this to higher dimensional orthogonal and symplectic representations. A key step is generalizing and studying a local deformation condition at $p$ arising from Fontaine-Laffaille theory.
Let $p$ be an odd prime and $q$ a power of $p$. We examine the deformation theory of reducible and indecomposable Galois representations $\barρ:G_{\mathbb{Q}}\rightarrow \text{GSp}_{2n}(\mathbb{F}_q)$ that are unramified outside a finite set of primes $S$ and whose image lies in a Borel subgroup. We show that under some additional hypotheses, such representations have geometric lifts to the Witt vectors $\text{W}(\mathbb{F}_q)$. The main theorem extends that of Hamblen and Ramakrishna in which the $n=1$ case was treated.
We study the crystalline universal deformation ring R (and its ideal of reducibility I) of a mod p Galois representation rho_0 of dimension n whose semisimplification is the direct sum of two absolutely irreducible mutually non-isomorphic constituents rho_1 and rho_2. Under some assumptions on Selmer groups associated with rho_1 and rho_2 we show that R/I is cyclic and often finite. Using ideas and results of (but somewhat different assumptions from) Bellaiche and Chenevier we prove that I is principal for essentially self-dual representations and deduce statements about the structure of R. Us…
We study irreducible odd mod $p$ Galois representations $\barρ \colon \mathrm{Gal}(\overline{F}/F) \to G(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p)$, for $F$ a totally real number field and $G$ a general reductive group. For $p \gg_{G, F} 0$, we show that any $\barρ$ that lifts locally, and at places above $p$ to de Rham and Hodge-Tate regular representations, has a geometric $p$-adic lift. We also prove non-geometric lifting results without any oddness assumption.
Let $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$, and choose a uniformizer $π\in K$, and put $K_\infty:=K(\sqrt[p^\infty]π)$. We introduce a new technique using restriction to $\Gal(\ol K/K_\infty)$ to study flat deformation rings. We show the existence of deformation rings for $\Gal(\ol K/K_\infty)$-representations ``of height $\leqslant h$'' for any positive integer $h$, and we use them to give a variant of Kisin's proof of connected component analysis of a certain flat deformation rings, which was used to prove Kisin's modularity lifting theorem for potentially Barsotti-Tate representations.…
On the dimension conjecture for global Galois deformation rings in characteristic two
Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences（上海数学与交叉学科研究院）；Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University（复旦大学智能复杂系统研究院）
We extend Kisin's results on the structure of characteristic $0$ Galois deformation rings to deformation rings of Galois representations valued in arbitrary connected reductive groups $G$. In particular, we show that such Galois deformation rings are complete intersection. In addition, we study explicitly the structure of the moduli space $X_{φ,N}$ of (framed) $(φ,N)$-modules when $G=\GL_n$. We show that when $G=\GL_3$ and $K_0=\Q_p$, $X_{φ,N}$ has a singular component, and we construct a moduli-theoretic resolution of singularities.
We prove the vanishing of the geometric Bloch-Kato Selmer group for the adjoint representation of a Galois representation associated to regular algebraic polarized cuspidal automorphic representations under an assumption on the residual image. Using this, we deduce that the localization and completion of a certain universal deformation ring for the residual representation at the characteristic zero point induced from the automorphic representation is formally smooth of the correct dimension. We do this by employing the Taylor-Wiles-Kisin patching method together with Kisin's technique of analy…
Let K be an arbitrary number field, and let rho: Gal(Kbar/K) -> GL_2(E) be a nearly ordinary irreducible geometric Galois representation. In this paper, we study the nearly ordinary deformations of rho. When K is totally real and rho is modular, results of Hida imply that the nearly ordinary deformation space associated to rho contains a Zariski dense set of points corresponding to "automorphic" Galois representations. We conjecture that if K is_not_ totally real, then this is never the case, except in three exceptional cases, corresponding to (1) "base change", (2) "CM" forms, and (3) "Even" …
In this paper, we study the graph of homothety classes of stable free lattices in a two-dimensional representation over a local UFD. This generalizes a classical result of the case where the base ring is a discrete valuation ring due to Serre. As applications, we consider the case when the representation comes from a residually reducible Hida family and we study the control theorem of Selmer groups. These results enable us to know the precise statement of the main conjecture in residually reducible case as we will remark in section 4 and section 5.
For a fixed mod $p$ automorphic Galois representation, $p$-adic automorphic Galois representations lifting it determine points in universal deformation space. In the case of modular forms and under some technical conditions, Böckle showed that every component of deformation space contains a smooth modular point, which then implies their Zariski density when coupled with the infinite fern of Gouvêa-Mazur. We generalize Böckle's result to the context of polarized Galois representations for CM fields, and to two dimensional Galois representations for totally real fields. More specifically, under …
Let $F$ be a CM field and let $(\overline{r}_{π,λ})_λ$ be the compatible system of residual $\mathcal{G}_n$-valued representations of $\operatorname{Gal}_{F}$ attached to a RACSDC automorphic representation $π$ of $\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{A})$, as studied by Clozel, Harris and Taylor and others. Under mild assumptions, we prove that the fixed-determinant universal deformation rings attached to $\overline{r}_{π,λ}$ are unobstructed for all places $λ$ in a subset of Dirichlet density $1$, continuing the investigations of Mazur, Weston and Gamzon. During the proof, we develop a general framew…
We prove the modularity of minimally ramified ordinary residually reducible p-adic Galois representations of an imaginary quadratic field F under certain assumptions. We first exhibit conditions under which the residual representation is unique up to isomorphism. Then we prove the existence of deformations arising from cuspforms on GL_2(A_F) via the Galois representations constructed by Taylor et al. We establish a sufficient condition (in terms of the non-existence of certain field extensions which in many cases can be reduced to a condition on an L-value) for the universal deformation ring t…
We introduce a derived enhancement of local Galois deformation rings that we call the "spectral Hecke algebra", in analogy to a construction in the Geometric Langlands program. This is a Hecke algebra that acts on the spectral side of the Langlands correspondence, i.e. on moduli spaces of Galois representations. We verify the simplest form of derived local-global compatibility between the action of the spectral Hecke algebra on the derived Galois deformation ring of Galatius-Venkatesh, and the action of Venkatesh's derived Hecke algebra on the cohomology of arithmetic groups.
Let $k/\mathbb F_p$ denote a finite field. For any split connected reductive group $G/W(k)$ and certain CM number fields $F$, we deform certain Galois representations $\overlineρ:Gal(\overline F/F) \to G(k)$ to continuous families $X_{\overlineρ}$ of Galois representations $Gal(\overline F/F) \to G(\overline{\mathbb Q_p})$ lifting $\overlineρ$ such that the space of points of $X_{\overlineρ}$ which are geometric (in the sense of the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture) with parallel Hodge-Tate weights has positive codimension in $X_{\overlineρ}$. Thus the set of points in $X_{\overlineρ}$ which could (c…
We study G-valued Galois deformation rings with prescribed properties, where G is an arbitrary (not necessarily connected) reductive group over an extension of Z_l for some prime l. In particular, for the Galois groups of p-adic local fields (with p possibly equal to l) we prove that these rings are generically smooth, compute their dimensions, and show that functorial operations on Galois representations give rise to well-defined maps between the sets of irreducible components of the corresponding deformation rings. We use these local results to prove lower bounds on the dimension of global d…
We prove the existence of $\mathrm{GSpin}_{2n}$-valued Galois representations corresponding to cohomological cuspidal automorphic representations of certain quasi-split forms of $\mathrm{GSO}_{2n}$ under the local hypotheses that there is a Steinberg component and that the archimedean parameters are regular for the standard representation. This is based on the cohomology of Shimura varieties of abelian type, of type $D^{\mathbb{H}}$, arising from forms of $\mathrm{GSO}_{2n}$. As an application, under similar hypotheses, we compute automorphic multiplicities, prove meromorphic continuation of (…
Let $\mathcal{G}$ be a connected reductive almost simple group over the Witt ring $W(\mathbb{F})$ for $\mathbb{F}$ a finite field of characteristic $p$. Let $R$ and $R'$ be complete noetherian local $W(\mathbb{F})$ -algebras with residue field $\mathbb{F}$. Under a mild condition on $p$ in relation to structural constants of $\mathcal{G}$, we show the following results: (1) Every closed subgroup $H$ of $\mathcal{G}(R)$ with full residual image $\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{F})$ is a conjugate of a group $\mathcal{G}(A)$ for $A\subset R$ a closed subring that is local and has residue field $\mathbb{F}$ …
Let $X$ be a smooth connected algebraic curve over an algebraically closed field $k$. We study the deformation of $\ell$-adic Galois representations of the function field of $X$ while keeping the local Galois representations at all places undeformed.
Let F be an unramified extension of Qp. The first aim of this work is to develop a purely local method to compute the potentially Barsotti-Tate deformations rings with tame Galois type of irreducible two-dimensional representations of the absolute Galois group of F. We then apply our method in the particular case where F has degree 2 over Q_p and determine this way almost all these deformations rings. In this particular case, we observe a close relationship between the structure of these deformations rings and the geometry of the associated Kisin variety. As a corollary and still assuming that…
The coefficient space is a kind of resolution of singularities of the universal flat deformation space for a given Galois representation of some local field. It parameterizes (in some sense) the finite flat models for the Galois representation. The aim of this note is to determine the image of the coefficient space in the universal deformation space.
