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arXiv 2108.13480math.NT
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Galois变形环的算术统计

Arithmetic statistics for Galois deformation rings

Anwesh Ray, Tom Weston

AI总结:

研究椭圆曲线Galois变形环的无障碍性,证明固定无复乘曲线对几乎所有素数无障碍,并基于启发式与计算表明随素数增大变形环光滑比例接近100%。

摘要:

给定定义在有理数上的椭圆曲线E,以及E具有良好约化的素数p,我们考虑参数化p-挠群E[p]上剩余表示的提升的Galois变形环。对于固定的无复乘的椭圆曲线,证明了这些变形环对于几乎所有素数都是无障碍的。对于固定素数p和变化的椭圆曲线E,我们将该问题与p不整除模度的问题联系起来。基于Cohen和Lenstra启发式方法的M.Watkins启发式表明,此比例应为∏(i≥1)(1-1/p^i)≈1-1/p-1/p^2。计算支持了这一启发式,表明大多数椭圆曲线(满足进一步条件)在给定素数p≥5时具有光滑变形环,且随着p增大,该比例接近100%。

英文摘要:

Given an elliptic curve $E$ defined over the rational numbers and a prime $p$ at which $E$ has good reduction, we consider the Galois deformation ring parametrizing lifts of the residual representation on the $p$-torsion group $E[p]$. For a fixed elliptic curve without complex multiplication, it is shown that these deformation rings are unobstructed for all but finitely many primes. For a fixed prime $p$ and varying elliptic curve $E$, we relate the problem to the question of how often $p$ does not divide the modular degree. Heuristics due to M.Watkins based on those of Cohen and Lenstra indicate that this proportion should be $\prod_{i\geq 1} \left(1-\frac{1}{p^i}\right)\approx 1-\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{p^2}$. This heuristic is supported by computations which indicate that most elliptic curves (satisfying further conditions) have smooth deformation rings at a given prime $p\geq 5$, and this proportion comes close to $100\%$ as $p$ gets larger.

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