John B. Etnyre
In this note we observe that while all overtwisted contact structures on compact 3--manifolds are supported by planar open book decompositions, not all contact structures are. This has relevance to invariants of contact structures and also to the Weinstein conjecture via work of Abbas Cieliebak and Hofer.
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Using open book foliations we show that an overtwisted disc in a planar open book can be put in a topologically nice position. As a corollary, we prove that a planar open book whose fractional Dehn twist coefficients grater than one for all the boundary components supports a tight contact structure.
We prove that if a contact manifold $(M,ξ)$ is supported by a planar open book, then Euler characteristic and signature of any Stein filling of $(M,ξ)$ is bounded. We also prove a similar finiteness result for contact manifolds supported by spinal open books with planar pages. Moving beyond the geography of Stein fillings, we classify fillings of some lens spaces.
Giroux has described a correspondence between open book decompositions on a 3--manifold and contact structures. In this paper we use Heegaard Floer homology to give restrictions on contact structures which correspond to open book decompositions with planar pages, generalizing a recent result of Etnyre.
In this note we introduce the (homologically essential) arc complex of a surface as a tool for studying properties of open book decompositions and contact structures. After characterizing destabilizability in terms of the essential translation distance of the monodromy of an open book we given an application of this result to show that there are planer open books of the standard contact structure on the 3-sphere with 5 (or any number larger than 5) boundary components that do not destabilize. We also show that any planar open book with 4 or fewer boundary components does destabilize.
In this note we define three invariants of contact structures in terms of open books supporting the contact structures. These invariants are the support genus (which is the minimal genus of a page of a supporting open book for the contact structure), the binding number (which is the minimal number of binding components of a supporting open book for the contact structure with minimal genus pages) and the norm (which is minus the maximal Euler characteristic of a page of a supporting open book).
We study an explicit construction of planar open books with four binding components on any three-manifold which is given by integral surgery on three component pure braid closures. This construction is general, indeed any planar open book with four binding components is given this way. Using this construction and results on exceptional surgeries on hyperbolic links, we show that any contact structure of S^3 supports a planar open book with four binding components, determining the minimal number of binding components needed for planar open books supporting these contact structures. In addition,…
In the present paper we describe compatible open books for the fibre connected sum along binding components of open books, as well as for the fibre connected sum along multi-sections of open books. As an application the first description provides simple ways of constructing open books supporting all tight contact structures on $T^3$, recovering a result by van Horn-Morris, as well as an open book supporting the result of a Lutz twist along a binding component of an open book, recovering a result by Ozbagci--Pamuk.
The aim of this paper is to give an alternative proof of a theorem about the existence of contact structures on five-manifolds due to Geiges. This theorem asserts that simply-connected five-manifolds admit a contact structure in every homotopy class of almost contact structures. Our proof uses the open book construction of Giroux.
We consider a fixed contact 3-manifold that admits infinitely many compact Stein fillings which are all homeomorphic but pairwise non-diffeomorphic. Each of these fillings gives rise to a closed contact 5-manifold described as a contact open book whose page is the filling at hand and whose monodromy is the identity symplectomorphism. We show that the resulting infinitely many contact 5-manifolds are all diffeomorphic but pairwise non-contactomorphic. Moreover, we explicitly determine these contact 5-manifolds.
This paper is the sequel to "The equivalence of Heegaard Floer homology and embedded contact homology via open book decompositions I" and is devoted to proving some of the technical parts of the HF=ECH isomorphism.
We introduce the notion of a nested open book, a submanifold equipped with an open book structure compatible with an ambient open book, and describe in detail the special case of a push-off of the binding of an open book. This enables us to explicitly describe a natural open book decomposition of a fibre connected sum of two open books along their bindings, provided they are diffeomorphic and admit an open book structure themselves. Furthermore, we apply the results to contact open books, showing that the natural open book structure of a contact fibre connected sum of two adapted open books al…
In this paper, we introduce the notions of an iterated planar Lefschetz fibration and an iterated planar open book decomposition and prove the Weinstein conjecture for contact manifolds supporting an open book that has iterated planar pages. For $n\geq 1$, we show that a $(2n+1)$-dimensional contact manifold $M$ supporting an iterated planar open book decomposition satisfies the Weinstein conjecture.
We construct a contact 5-manifold supported by infinitely many distinct open books with the identity monodromy and pairwise exotic Stein pages (i.e. pages are pairwise homeomorphic but non-diffeomorphic Stein fillings of a fixed contact 3-manifold), moreover we describe a process of generating infinitely many such examples. In contrast to this result, on each of $\#_{n} S^{2}\times S^{3}$ and $\#_{n} S^{2}\tilde{\times} S^{3}$ $(n\geq 2)$ we construct infinitely many open books with pairwise exotic Stein pages (and identity monodromy) supporting mutually distinct contact structures.
If (S,h) is an open book with disconnected binding then we can form a new open book (S',h') by capping off one of the boundary components of S with a disk. We define a U-equivariant map on Heegaard Floer homology which sends c^+(S',h') to c^+(S,h), and we discuss various applications. In particular, we determine the support genera of almost all contact structures compatible with genus one, one boundary component open books. In addition, we compute the 3-dimensional invariant associated to any contact structure with non-vanishing contact invariant which is compatible with a genus one open book …
We give an elementary topological obstruction for a manifold $M$ of dimension $2q{+}1 \geq 7$ to admit a contact open book with flexible Weinstein pages and $c_1(π_2(M)) = 0$: if the torsion subgroup of the $q$-th integral homology group is non-zero, then no such contact open book exists. We achieve this by proving that a symplectomorphism of a flexible Weinstein manifold acts trivially on cohomology. We also produce examples of non-trivial loops of flexible contact structures using related ideas.
The aim of this paper is to use mapping class group relations to approach the `geography' problem for Stein fillings of a contact 3-manifold. In particular, we adapt a formula of Endo and Nagami so as to calculate the signature of such fillings as a sum of the signatures of basic relations in the monodromy of a related open book decomposition. We combine this with a theorem of Wendl to show that for any Stein filling of a contact structure supported by a planar open book decomposition, the sum of the signature and Euler characteristic depends only on the contact manifold. This gives a simple o…
We demonstrate how to combinatorially calculate the EH-class of a compatible contact structure in the sutured Floer homology group of a balanced sutured three manifold which is associated to an abstract partial open book decomposition. As an application we show that every contact three manifold (closed or with convex boundary) can be obtained by gluing tight contact handlebodies whose EH-classes are nontrivial.
These are lecture notes from the Clay Mathematics Institute summer school ``Floer Homology, Gauge Theory, and Low Dimensional Topology'' Alfred Renyi Institute; www.claymath.org/programs/summer_school/2004/. The main goal of these notes is to sketch a proof of Giroux correspondence between open book decompositions of three manifolds and contact structures, and then discuss various applications of this correspondence.
We show that on any closed contact manifold of dimension greater than 1 a contact structure with vanishing contact homology can be constructed. The basic idea for the construction comes from Giroux. We use a special open book decomposition for spheres. The page is the cotangent bundle of a sphere and the monodromy is given by a left-handed Dehn twist. In the resulting contact manifold we exhibit a closed Reeb orbit that bounds a single finite energy plane. As a result, the unit element of the contact homology algebra is exact and so the contact homology vanishes. This result can be extended to…
We define the reduced Khovanov homology of an open book (S,h), and we identify a distinguished "contact element" in this group which may be used to establish the tightness or non-fillability of contact structures compatible with (S,h). Our construction generalizes the relationship between the reduced Khovanov homology of a link and the Heegaard Floer homology of its branched double cover. As an application, we give combinatorial proofs of tightness for several contact structures which are not Stein-fillable. Lastly, we investigate a comultiplication structure on the reduced Khovanov homology o…
In this note, we define a new invariant of a Legendrian knot in a contact manifold using an open book decomposition supporting the contact structure. We define the support genus sg(L) of a Legendrian knot L in a contact 3-manifold (M, ξ) as the minimal genus of a page of an open book of M supporting the contact structure ξsuch that L sits on a page and the framing given by the contact structure and by the page agree. We show any null-homologous loose knot in an overtwisted contact structure has support genus zero. To prove this, we observe any topological knot or link in any 3-manifold M sits …
We use contact fiber sums of open book decompositions to define an infinite hierarchy of filling obstructions for contact 3-manifolds, called planar k-torsion for nonnegative integers k, all of which cause the contact invariant in Embedded Contact Homology to vanish. Planar 0-torsion is equivalent to overtwistedness, while every contact manifold with Giroux torsion also has planar 1-torsion, and we give examples of contact manifolds that have planar k-torsion for any $k \ge 2$ but no Giroux torsion, leading to many new examples of nonfillable contact manifolds. We show also that the complement…
Given an open book decomposition (S,h) adapted to a closed, oriented 3-manifold M, we define a chain map from a certain Heegaard Floer chain complex associated to (S,h) to a certain embedded contact homology chain complex associated to (S,h), as defined in arXiv:1008.2734, and prove that it induces an isomorphism on the level of homology. This implies the isomorphism between the hat version of Heegaard Floer homology of -M and the hat version of embedded contact homology of M.
We prove some open book embedding results in the contact category. For example, we show that a large class of contact 3-manifolds admit contact open book embedding in the standard contact 5- sphere. We also prove that all the Ustilovsky (4m + 1)-spheres contact open book embed in the standard contact (4m + 3)-sphere.
By recent results of Baker--Etnyre--Van Horn-Morris, a rational open book decomposition defines a compatible contact structure. We show that the Heegaard Floer contact invariant of such a contact structure can be computed in terms of the knot Floer homology of its (rationally null-homologous) binding. We then use this description of contact invariants, together with a formula for the knot Floer homology of the core of a surgery solid torus, to show that certain manifolds obtained by surgeries on bindings of open books carry tight contact structures. Possible applications to lens space surgerie…
The first author in recent work with D. Gay developed the notion of a Morse structure on an open book as a tool for studying closed contact 3-manifolds. We extend the notion of Morse structure to extendable partial open books in order to study contact 3-manifolds with convex boundary.
In this paper we discuss the change in contact structures as their supporting open book decompositions have their binding components cabled. To facilitate this and applications we define the notion of a rational open book decomposition that generalizes the standard notion of open book decomposition and allows one to more easily study surgeries on transverse knots. As a corollary to our investigation we are able to show there are Stein fillable contact structures supported by open books whose monodromies cannot be written as a product of positive Dehn twists. We also exhibit several monoids in …
Given two open books with equal pages we show the existence of an exact symplectic cobordism whose negative end equals the disjoint union of the contact manifolds associated to the given open books, and whose positive end induces the contact manifold associated to the open book with the same page and concatenated monodromy. Using similar methods we show the existence of strong fillings for contact manifolds associated with doubled open books, a certain class of fiber bundles over the circle obtained by performing the binding sum of two open books with equal pages and inverse monodromies. From …
We show that Brieskorn manifolds with their standard contact structures are contact branched coverings of spheres. This covering maps a contact open book decomposition of the Brieskorn manifold onto a Milnor open book of the sphere.
Computing Heegaard Floer invariants of closed contact 3-manifolds from open books
本文提出两个改进的SageMath程序，从抽象开卷计算闭接触3-流形的hat版本Heegaard Floer同调，并用于计算Ozsváth--Szabó接触不变量及检测谱阶数有限性这一更强的Stein可填充性障碍。
We find a self-linking number formula for a given null-homologous transverse link in a contact manifold that is compatible with either an annulus or a pair of pants open book decomposition. It extends Bennequin's self-linking formula for a braid in the standard contact $3$-sphere.
This note explains how to relate some contact geometric operations, such as surgery, to operations on an underlying contact open book. In particular, we shall give a simple proof of the fact that stabilizations of contact open books yield contactomorphic manifolds. Let us remark that the results in this note are all well known to experts. This note just aims to provide some references for these results.
In this paper, we give an open book decomposition for the contact structures on some Brieskorn manifolds, in particular for the contact structures of Ustilovsky. The decomposition uses right-handed Dehn twists as conjectured by Giroux.
A two-dimensional open book (S,h) determines a closed, oriented three-manifold Y(S,h) and a contact structure C(S,h) on Y(S,h). The contact structure C(S,h) is Stein fillable if h is positive, i.e. h can be written as a product of right-handed Dehn twists. Work of Wendl implies that when S has genus zero the converse statement holds, that is if C(S,h) is Stein fillable then h is positive. On the other hand, results by Wand and by Baker, Etnyre and Van Horn-Morris imply the existence of counterexamples to the converse statement with S of arbitrary genus strictly greater than one. The main purpo…
In this paper we prove the presence of an embedded plastikstufe implies overtwistedness of the contact structure in any dimension. Moreover, we show in dimension 5 that the presence of an embedded bordered Legendrian open book (bLob) also implies overtwistedness. Applications of these criteria to certain (contact) fibered connected sums and open books are discussed.
Heegaard splittings and the tight Giroux Correspondence
该研究引入紧Heegaard分裂概念，借助加细过程建立其与开书的关联，利用Heegaard分裂与凸曲面技术给出紧切触3-流形上Giroux对应的新证明。
We use parameterized Morse theory on the pages of an open book decomposition to efficiently encode the contact topology in terms of a labelled graph on a disjoint union of tori (one per binding component). This construction allows us to generalize the notion of the front projection of a Legendrian knot from the standard contact $\mathbb{R}^3$ to arbitrary closed contact $3$-manifolds. We describe a complete set of moves on such front diagrams, extending the standard Legendrian Reidemeister moves, and we give a combinatorial formula to compute the Thurston-Bennequin number of a nullhomologous L…
Suppose that S is a surface with boundary and that g and h are diffeomorphisms of S which restrict to the identity on the boundary. Let Y_g, Y_h, and Y_{hg} be the three-manifolds with open book decompositions given by (S,g), (S,h), and (S,hg), respectively. We show that the Ozsvath-Szabo contact invariant is natural under a comultiplication map on Heegaard Floer homology. It follows that if the contact invariants associated to the open books (S, g) and (S, h) are non-zero then the contact invariant associated to the open book (S, hg) is also non-zero. We extend this comultiplication to a map …
In this paper, we focus on contact structures supported by planar open book decompositions. We study right-veering diffeomorphisms to keep track of overtwistedness property of contact structures under some monodromy changes. As an application we give infinitely many examples of overtwisted contact structures supported by open books whose pages are the four-punctured sphere, and also we prove that a certain family is holomorphically fillable using lantern relation.
We prove that in dimension 3 every nondegenerate contact form is carried by a broken book decomposition. As an application we get that if M is a closed irreducible oriented 3-manifold that is not a graph manifold, for example a hyperbolic manifold, then every nondegenerate Reeb vector field on M has positive topological entropy. Moreover, we obtain that on a closed 3-manifold, every nondegenerate Reeb vector field has either two or infinitely many periodic orbits, and two periodic orbits are possible only on the sphere or on a lens space.
Spinal open books and symplectic fillings with exotic fibers
本文推广了Wendl的结果，证明平面脊柱开卷分解支撑的接触3-流形的最小辛填充形变等价于带边Lefschetz纤维化中正多截面的补集，并利用新定义的脊柱映射类群完成抛物环面丛的强填充分类。
Periodic surface homemorphisms (diffeomorphisms) play a significant role in the the Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface homeomorphisms. Periodic surface homeomorphisms can be described (up to conjugacy) by using data sets which are combinatorial objects. In this article, we start by associating a rational open book to a slight modification of a given data set, called marked data set. It is known that every rational open book supports a contact structure. Thus, we can associate a contact structure to a periodic map and study the properties of it in terms combinatorial conditions on marke…
On symplectic fillings of spinal open book decompositions I: Geometric constructions
本文介绍了脊柱开放书与接触结构及辛或Stein结构的关系，提出新的辛cobordism构造脊柱移除手术，扩展了Eliashberg、Gay-Stipsicz和第三作者的构造，并应用该手术得到新的非强（有时非弱）辛填充的接触流形例子。
We introduce a contact invariant in the bordered sutured Heegaard Floer homology of a three-manifold with boundary. The input for the invariant is a contact manifold $(M, ξ, \mathcal{F})$ whose convex boundary is equipped with a signed singular foliation $\mathcal{F}$ closely related to the characteristic foliation. Such a manifold admits a family of foliated open book decompositions classified by a Giroux Correspondence, as described in earlier work of Licata and Vértesi. We use a special class of foliated open books to construct admissible bordered sutured Heegaard diagrams and identify well…
We examine open books with powers of fibered Dehn twists as monodromy. The resulting contact manifolds can be thought of as Boothby-Wang orbibundles over symplectic orbifolds. Using the mean Euler characteristic of equivariant symplectic homology we can distinguish these contact manifolds and hence show that some fibered Dehn twists are not symplectically isotopic to the identity relative to the boundary. This complements results of Biran and Giroux.
Consider a transverse knot which is the binding of an open book for the ambient contact manifold. In this paper, we show that the transverse invariants defined by Lisca, Ozsvath, Stipsicz, and Szabo (LOSS) are nonvanishing for such transverse knots. This is true regardless of whether or not the ambient contact structure is tight. We also prove a vanishing theorem for LOSS's Legendrian and transverse invariants. As a corollary, we show that if (T,π) is an open book with connected binding, then the complement of T has no Giroux torsion.
The algorithm given by Akbulut-Ozbagci constructs an explicit open book decomposition on a contact three-manifold described by a contact surgery on a link in the three-sphere. In this article, we will improve this algorithm by using Giroux's contact cell decomposition process. Our algorithm is more economical on choosing the supporting genus of the open book; in particular it gives a good upper bound for the recently defined ``minimal supporting genus invariant'' of contact structures.
Computing rotation numbers in open books
本文提出了一种计算开书页上Legendrian结旋转数的算法，并推导了相关接触结构的不变量新公式。
Computing the Thurston-Bennequin invariant in open books
本文提出了一种计算开书页面上Legendrian结Thurston-Bennequin不变量的算法，并扩展到任意3流形中的有理无缠绕结。
As an application of the construction of open books on plumbed 3-manifolds, we construct elliptic open books on torus bundles over the circle. In certain cases these open books are compatible with Stein fillable contact structures and have minimal genus.
We study contact structures compatible with genus one open book decompositions with one boundary component. Any monodromy for such an open book can be written as a product of Dehn twists around dual non-separating curves in the once-punctured torus. Given such a product, we supply an algorithm to determine whether the corresponding contact structure is tight or overtwisted. We rely on Ozsv{á}th-Szab{ó} Heegaard Floer homology in our construction and, in particular, we completely identify the $L$-spaces with genus one, one boundary component, pseudo-Anosov open book decompositions. Lastly, we r…
We give a short introduction to the contact invariant in bordered Floer homology defined by Földvári, Hendricks, and the authors. The construction relies on a special class of foliated open books. We discuss a procedure to obtain such a foliated open book and present a definition of the contact invariant. We also provide a "local proof", through an explicit bordered computation, of the vanishing of the contact invariant for overtwisted structures.
We say that a contact manifold is Milnor fillable if it is contactomorphic to the contact boundary of an isolated complex-analytic singularity (X,x). Generalizing results of Milnor and Giroux, we associate to each holomorphic function f defined on X, with isolated singularity at x, an open book which supports the contact structure. Moreover, we prove that any 3-dimensional oriented manifold admits at most one Milnor fillable contact structure up to contactomorphism. * * * * * * * * In the first version of the paper, we showed that the open book associated to f carries the contact structure onl…
We construct a family of Stein fillable contact homology 3-spheres such that each contact structure of the family is supported by an open book with planar page, and a Stein filling of the contact manifold is of Mazur type.
We show that if (B,π) is an open book decomposition of a contact 3-manifold (Y,ξ), then the complement of the binding B has no Giroux torsion. We also prove the sutured Heegaard-Floer c-bar invariant of the binding of an open book is non-zero.
Generalizations of planar contact manifolds to higher dimensions
该研究将三维平面切触流形推广为高维迭代平面与射影切触流形，分析其拓扑性质，证明高维迭代平面切触流形的基本群可实现任意有限表现群，且部分射影切触流形存在显式辛顶。
We study Legendrian embeddings of a compact Legendrian submanifold $L$ sitting in a closed contact manifold $(M,ξ)$ whose contact structure is supported by a (contact) open book $\mathcal{OB}$ on $M$. We prove that if $\mathcal{OB}$ has Weinstein pages, then there exist a contact structure $ξ'$ on $M$, isotopic to $ξ$ and supported by $\mathcal{OB}$, and a contactomorphism $f:(M,ξ) \to (M,ξ')$ such that the image $f(L)$ of any such submanifold can be Legendrian isotoped so that it becomes disjoint from the closure of a page of $\mathcal{OB}$.
On symplectic fillings of spinal open book decompositions II: Holomorphic curves and classification
本文证明当接触3流形具有平面页的统一脊柱开书分解时，其(弱、强和/或精确)辛和Stein填充可由Lefschetz纤维化的微分同胚类分类。进一步结果包括新的ECH接触不变量和SFT中代数扭力消失准则，非定向圈 bundles的填充分类，以及关于四维实数中Stein结构变形类的
Foliated Open Books
本文提出叶状开卷这一新工具，用于研究具有指定边界特征叶状结构的切触三维流形，建立了其存在唯一性、与部分开卷的关系、三种模型等价性及 Giroux 对应定理。
We show that there are contact 3-manifolds of support genus one which admit infinitely many Stein fillings, but do not admit arbitrarily large ones. These Stein fillings arise from genus-1 allowable Lefschetz fibrations with distinct homology groups, all filling a fixed minimal genus open book supporting the boundary contact 3-manifold. In contrast, we observe that there are only finitely many possibilities for the homology groups of Stein fillings of a given contact 3-manifold with support genus zero. We also show that there are 4-strand braids which admit infinitely many distinct Hurwitz cla…
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