Let $G$ be a connected complex algebraic group and $A$ a connected abelian algebraic group endowed with an algebraic action of $G$ by group automorphisms. In the present note we describe the abelian group $\Ext_{alg}(G,A)$ of algebraic group extensions of $G$ by $A$ in terms of a short exact sequence relating the ext-group to a relative second Lie algebra cohomology space and the fundamental group of the commutator group. Our second main result is an analog of the Van-Est Theorem for algebraic group cohomology, saying that for an algebraic $G$ module $\a$ and $p \geq 0$ the algebraic group cohomology $H^p_{alg}(G,\a)$ is given by the relative cohomology of the Lie algebra $\g$ with respect to the Lie algebra of a maximal reductive subgroup.
We extend to the context of algebraic groups a classic result on extensions of abstract groups relating the set of isomorphism classes of extensions of $G$ by $H$ with that of extensions of $G$ by the center $Z$ of $H$. The proof should be easily generalizable to other contexts. We also study the subset of classes of split extensions and give a quick application by proving a finiteness result on these sets over a finite field.
For a finite smooth algebraic group $F$ over a field $k$ and a smooth algebraic group $\bar G$ over the separable closure of $k$, we define the notion of $F$-kernel in $\bar G$ and we associate to it a set of nonabelian 2-cohomology. We use this to study extensions of $F$ by an arbitrary smooth $k$-group $G$. We show in particular that any such extension comes from an extension of finite $k$-groups when $k$ is perfect and we give explicit bounds on the order of these finite groups when $G$ is linear. We prove moreover some finiteness results on these sets.
Let $Ψ: X_1 \to X_2$ be an isomorphism of closed affine algebraic subvarities of $\C^n$ such that $n > \max (2\dim X_1, \dim TX_1)$. We prove that $Ψ$ can be extended to a holomorphic automorphism of $\C^n$. Furthermore, when $Ψ$ is an isomorphism of curves such an extension exists for every $n\geq 3$ even when $\dim TX_1=n$.
In this paper we define the algebraic sets and the ideal of points for bijective skew PBW extensions with coefficients in left Noetherian domains. Some properties of affine algebraic sets of commutative algebraic geometry will be extended, in particular, a Zariski topology will be constructed. Assuming additionally that the extension is quasi-commutative with polynomial center and the ring of coefficients is an algebraically closed field, we will prove an adapted version of the Hilbert's Nullstellensatz theorem that covers the classical one. The Gröbner bases of skew PBW extensions will be use…
This article is a natural construction of our previous works. In this article, we employ similar ideas due to MacLane to provide an estimate of IC(K(X)|K,v) when (K(X)|K,v) is a valuation algebraic extension. Our central result is an analogue of the estimate obtained in the valuation transcendental case. We further provide a natural construction of a complete sequence of key polynomials for v over K in the setting of valuation algebraic extensions.
In this paper, we give a survey of the known results concerning the tensor rank of the multiplication in finite extensions of finite fields, enriched with some not published recent results as well as analyzes enhancing the qualitative understanding of the domain. In particular, we identify and clarify certain results not completely proved and we emphasis the link with open problems in number theory, algebraic geometry, and coding theory.
Among abelian extensions of a congruence function field, an asymptotic relation of class number and genus is established. The proof is classical, employing well-known results from congruence function field theory.
Algebraic valuation ring extensions as limits of complete intersection algebras
Simion Stoilow Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院西蒙·斯托伊洛数学研究所）；University of Bucharest, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science（布加勒斯特大学数学与计算机科学系）
In this paper we prove a topological nonrealizability theorem: certain classes of graded $BP_*$-modules are shown to never occur as the $BP$-homology of a spectrum. Many of these $BP_*$-modules admit the structure of $BP_*BP$-comodules, meaning that their topological nonrealizability does not follow from earlier results like Landweber's filtration theorem. As a consequence we solve Ravenel's 1983 problem on the existence of "algebraic extensions of the sphere spectrum": algebraic extensions of the sphere spectrum do not exist, except in trivial cases.
For Kummer extensions defined by $y^m = f (x)$, where $f (x)$ is a separable polynomial over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, we compute the number of Weierstrass gaps at two totally ramified places. For many totally ramified places we give a criterion to find pure gaps at these points and present families of pure gaps. We then apply our results to construct many points algebraic geometric codes with good parameters.
We study canonical central extensions of the general linear group of the ring of adeles on a smooth projective algebraic surface $X$ by means of the group of integers. By these central extensions and adelic transition matrices of a rank $n$ locally free sheaf of ${\mathcal O}_X$-modules we obtain the local (adelic) decomposition for the difference of Euler characteristics of this sheaf and the sheaf ${\mathcal O}_X^n$. Two various calculations of this difference lead to the Riemann-Roch theorem on $X$ (without the Noether formula).
Let $G$ be a group and let $V$ be an algebraic group over an algebraically closed field. We introduce algebraic group subshifts $Σ\subset V^G$ which generalize both the class of algebraic sofic subshifts of $V^G$ and the class of closed group subshifts over finite group alphabets. When $G$ is a polycyclic-by-finite group, we show that $V^G$ satisfies the descending chain condition and that the notion of algebraic group subshifts, the notion of algebraic group sofic subshifts, and that of algebraic group subshifts of finite type are all equivalent. Thus, we obtain extensions of well-known resul…
We impose a rather unknown algebraic structure called a `hyperstructure' to the underlying space of an affine algebraic group scheme. This algebraic structure generalizes the classical group structure and is canonically defined by the structure of a Hopf algebra of global sections. This paper partially generalizes the result of A.Connes and C.Consani
We classify the algebraic combinatorial geometries of arbitrary field extensions of transcendence degree greater than 4 and describe their groups of automorphisms. Our results and proofs extend similar results and proofs by Evans and Hrushovski in the case of algebraically closed fields. The classification of projective planes in algebraic combinatorial geometries in arbitrary fields of characteristic zero will also be given.
Let X be a smooth projective variety of dimension n. If $p+q=n+1$ then Bloch has defined a ${\bf G}_m$-biextension E over the product of the Chow groups $CH^p_0(X)$ and $CH^q_0(X)$ of homologically trivial cycles. We prove that E is the pullback of the Poincare biextension over the product of intermediate Jacobians in characteristic zero. This is used to study various equivalence relations for algebraic cycles. In particular we reprove Murres result that Griffiths conjecture holds for codimension two cycles, i.e. every codim. two cycle algebraically and incidence equivalent to zero has torsion…
Let $\otimes$ be the map which classifies the tensor product of two line bundles, an extension of this map to the space of all codimension 1 algebraic cycles is constructed. It is proved that this extension cannot exist in codimension greater than 1.
In this paper we consider the classical problem of computing linear extensions of a given poset which is well known to be a difficult problem. However, in our setting the elements of the poset are multivariate polynomials, and only a small "admissible" subset of these linear extensions, determined implicitly by the evaluation map, are of interest. This seemingly novel problem arises in the study of global dynamics of gene regulatory networks in which case the poset is a Boolean lattice. We provide an algorithm for solving this problem using linear programming for arbitrary partial orders of li…
Up until now, it was recognized that a large number of 2-torsion points was a technical barrier to improve the bounds for the symmetric tensor rank of multiplication in every extension of any finite field. In this paper, we show that there are two exceptional cases, namely the extensions of $\mathbb{F}_2$ and $\mathbb{F}_3$. In particular, using the definition field descent on the field with 2 or 3 elements of a Garcia-Stichtenoth tower of algebraic function fields which is asymptotically optimal in the sense of Drinfel'd-Vladut and has maximal Hasse-Witt invariant, we obtain a significant imp…
Let $K$ be a characteristic zero algebraic function field with a valuation $ν$. Let $L$ be a finite extension of $K$ and $ω$ be an extension of $ν$ to $L$. We establish that the valuation ring $V_ω$ of $ω$ is essentially finitely generated over the valuation ring $V_ν$ of $ν$ if and only if the initial index $ε(ω|ν)$ is equal to the ramification index $e(ω|ν)$ of the extension. This gives a positive answer, for characteristic zero algebraic function fields, to a question posed by Hagen Knaf.
We prove that the Picard group of a connected affine algebraic group $G$ is isomorphic to the fundamental group of the derived subgroup of the reductive algebraic group $G/{\mathscr R}_u(G)$, where ${\mathscr R}_u(G)$ is the unipotent radical of $G$.
Let $K\to L$ be an algebraic field extension and $ν$ a valuation of $K$. The purpose of this paper is to describe the totality of extensions $\left\{ν'\right\}$ of $ν$ to $L$ using a refined version of MacLane's key polynomials. In the basic case when $L$ is a finite separable extension and $rk ν=1$, we give an explicit description of the limit key polynomials (which can be viewed as a generalization of the Artin--Schreier polynomials). We also give a realistic upper bound on the order type of the set of key polynomials. Namely, we show that if $char K=0$ then the set of key polynomials has or…
Arbarello, de Concini, and Kac have constructed a central extension of the ideles group on a smooth projective algebraic curve. We show a relation of this central extension with the theta-bundle and the Poincare biextension of the Jacobian of the curve. As an application we get a new proof of the adelic formula for the Weil pairing.
We show that the algebraic local fundamental group of any klt singularity as well as the algebraic fundamental group of the smooth locus of any log Fano variety are finite.
We analyze the structure of a large class of connected algebraic rings over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic using Greenberg's perfectization functor. We then give applications to rigidity problems for representations of Chevalley groups, recovering, in particular, a rigidity theorem of Seitz.
The subject of this paper is the problem of arrangement of a real nonsingular algebraic curve on a real non-singular algebraic surface. This paper contains new restrictions on this arrangement extending Rokhlin and Kharlamov-Gudkov-Krakhnov congruences for curves on surfaces.
We study the geometry of algebraic monoids. We prove that the group of invertible elements of an irreducible algebraic monoid is an algebraic group, open in the monoid. Moreover, if this group is reductive, then the monoid is affine. We then give a combinatorial classification of reductive monoids by means of the theory of spherical varieties.
In this paper, the notion of local algebraic fundamental groups of normal complex analytic singularities are generalized to certain profinite groups called $D$-local algebraic fundamental groups which turns out to be useful even for the study of usual local algebraic fundamental groups and the Lefshetz type theorem for $D$-local algebraic fundamental groups is proved under certain conditions. The theorem yields, for example, the finiteness of the local algebraic fundamental groups of a certain class of four dimensional singularities and will be useful for the classification of three dimensiona…
In this note, we show that the epimorphic subgroups of an algebraic group are exactly the pull-backs of the epimorphic subgroups of its affinization. We also obtain epimorphicity criteria for subgroups of affine algebraic groups, which generalize a result of Bien and Borel. Moreover, we extend the affinization theorem for algebraic groups to homogeneous spaces.
We consider an algebraic surface. For an irreducible curve on this surface and for a point on this curve one can associate an artinian ring, which is a sum of two-dimensional local fields. An example of two-dimensional local field is iterated Laurent series. We consider an integer value symbol on a two-dimensional local field. This symbol appears for the description of non-ramified coverings of two-dimensional local fields and for the description of intersection index of divisors on surfaces by adeles. We interpret this symbol as the commutator of lifting of elements in the central extension o…
Affine difference algebraic groups are a generalization of affine algebraic groups obtained by replacing algebraic equations with algebraic difference equations. We show that the isomorphism theorems from abstract group theory have meaningful analogs for these groups and we establish a Jordan-Hölder type theorem that allows us to decompose any affine difference algebraic group into almost-simple affine difference algebraic groups. We also characterize almost-simple affine difference algebraic groups via almost-simple affine algebraic groups.
We study the notion of algebraic tangent cones at singularities of reflexive sheaves. These correspond to extensions of reflexive sheaves across a negative divisor. We show the existence of optimal extensions in a constructive manner, and we prove the uniqueness in a suitable sense. The results here are an algebro-geometric counterpart of our previous study on singularities of Hermitian-Yang-Mills connections.
We define the notion of isosingular loci of algebraic varieties, following the analytic case first studied by Ephraim. In particular, we give a partial extension of his main result in arbitrary characteristic and a full extension assuming characteristic $0$. One of the main obstructions in the positive characteristic case is the non-separability of the orbit map associated to the contact group, as first observed by Greuel and Pham for isolated singularities.
Étale difference algebraic groups are a difference analog of étale algebraic groups. Our main result is a Jordan-Hölder type decomposition theorem for these groups. Roughly speaking, it shows that any étale difference algebraic group can be build up from simple étale algebraic groups and two finite étale difference algebraic groups. The simple étale algebraic groups occurring in this decomposition satisfy a certain uniqueness property.
We prove non-commutative reciprocity laws on an algebraic surface defined over a perfect field. These reciprocity laws claim the splittings of some central extensions of globally constructed groups over some subgroups constructed by points or projective curves on a surface. For a two-dimensional local field with a finite last residue field the constructed local central extension is isomorphic to a central extension which comes from the case of tame ramification of the Abelian two-dimensional local Langlands correspondence suggested by M. Kapranov.
In this paper we develop a differential Galois theory for algebraic Lie-Vessiot systems in algebraic homogeneous spaces. Lie-Vessiot systems are non autonomous vector fields that are linear combinations with time-dependent coefficients of fundamental vector fields of an algebraic Lie group action. Those systems are the building blocks for differential equations that admit superposition of solutions. Lie-Vessiot systems in algebraic homogeneous spaces include the case of linear differential equations. Therefore, the differential Galois theory for Lie-Vessiot systems is an extension of the class…
Passing from arithmetic schemes to algebraic schemes, in a similar manner we will have the computation of the étale fundamental group of an algebraic scheme and then will define and discuss the qc fundamental group of an algebraic scheme in this paper. The qc fundamental group will also give a prior estimate of the étale fundamental group.
We study Galois action on $\Ext^1(E(\bar \Q),\Z^2)$ and interpret our results as partially showing that the notion of a path on a complex elliptic curve $E$ can be characterised algebraically. The proofs show that our results are just concise reformulations of Kummer theory for $E$ as well as the description of Galois action on the Tate module. Namely, we prove (a),(b) below by showing they are equivalent to (c) which is well-known: (a) Absolute Galois group acts transitively on the set of uniquely divisible abelian \EndE-module extensions of $E(\bar\Q)$ of algebraic points of an elliptic curv…
It is well-known that classical two-dimensional topological field theories are in one-to-one correspondence with commutative Frobenius algebras. An important extension of classical two-dimensional topological field theories is provided by open-closed two-dimensional topological field theories. In this paper we extend open-closed two-dimensional topological field theories to nonorientable surfaces. We call them Klein topological field theories(KTFT). We prove that KTFTs bijectively correspond to algebras with certain additional structures, called structure algebras. Semisimple structure algebra…
For the coordinate algebras of connected affine algebraic groups, we explore the problem of finding a presentation by generators and relations canonically determined by the group structure.
We define and study the 2-category of torsors over a Picard groupoid, a central extension of a group by a Picard groupoid, and commutator maps in this central extension. Using it in the context of two-dimensional local fields and two-dimensional adelic theory we obtain the two-dimensional tame symbol and a new proof of Parshin reciprocity laws on an algebraic surface.
Let A be a finite dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field K. The derived Picard group DPic(A) is the group of two-sided tilting complexes over A modulo isomorphism. We prove that DPic(A) is a locally algebraic group, and its identity component is Out^0(A). If B is a derived Morita equivalent algebra then DPic(A) is isomorphic to DPic(B) as locally algebraic groups. Our results extend, and our based on, work of Huisgen-Zimmermann, Saorin and Rouquier.
