Let g=g_0+ g_1 be a simple Z_2-graded Lie algebra and let b_0 be a fixed Borel subalgebra of g_0. We describe and enumerate the abelian b_0-stable subalgebras of g_1.
In this paper, we study certain ad-nilpotent subalgebras contained in the non-zero graded portion of a simple Z_n-graded Lie algebra. These subalgebras respect the grading on the Lie algebra and are modules for a Borel subalgebra for the grade-zero Lie subalgebra. We show that semisimple elements in such subalgebras lie in the center of the subalgebra, and we provide a classification of these subalgebras whose weight space decompositions have only non-zero weights.
For a semisimple Lie algebra over the complex numbers, Dynkin (1952) developed an algorithm to classify the regular semisimple subalgebras, up to conjugacy by the inner automorphism group. For a graded semisimple Lie algebra over the complex numbers, Vinberg (1979) showed that a classification of a certain type of regular subalgebras (called carrier algebras) yields a classification of the nilpotent orbits in a homogeneous component of that Lie algebra. Here we consider these problems for (graded) semisimple Lie algebras over the real numbers. First, we describe an algorithm to classify the re…
In this paper we define a new presentation for the Dunkl-Opdam subalgebra of the rational Cherednik algebra. This shows that the Dunkl-Opdam subalgebra is a Drinfeld algebra. We use this fact to define Dirac cohomology for the DO subalgebra. We also formalise generalised graded Hecke algebras and define a Langlands classification to generalised graded Hecke algebras.
For a simple complex Lie algebra of finite rank and classical type, we fix a triangular decomposition and consider the simple Levi subalgebras associated to closed subsets of roots. We study the restriction of global and local Weyl modules of current algebras to this Levi subalgebra. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions on a pair of a Levi subalgebra and a dominant integral weight, such that the restricted module is a global (resp. a local) Weyl module.
In this paper, we study local graded Weyl modules and Demazure modules for twisted hypercurrent algebras. We prove that local graded Weyl modules for a twisted hypercurrent algebra are isomorphic to the corresponding level 1 Demazure modules, and moreover, that they are restrictions of corresponding local graded Weyl modules for the untwisted hypercurrent algebra.
Let g be a semisimple Lie algebra over the real numbers. We describe an explicit combinatorial construction of the real Weyl group of g with respect to a given Cartan subalgebra. An efficient computation of this Weyl group is important for the classification of regular semisimple subalgebras, real carrier algebras, and real nilpotent orbits associated with g; the latter have various applications in theoretical physics.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field and $A$ be a (left and right) Noetherian associative $k$-algebra. Assume further that $A$ is either positively graded or semiperfect (this includes the class of finite dimensional $k$-algebras, and $k$-algebras that are finitely generated modules over a Noetherian central Henselian ring). Let $e$ be a primitive idempotent of $A$, which we assume is of degree $0$ if $A$ is positively graded. We consider the idempotent subalgebra $Γ= (1-e)A(1-e)$ and $S_e$ the simple right $A$-module $S_e = eA/e{\rm rad}A$, where ${\rm rad}A$ is the Jacobson radical of $A…
We develop the theory of global and local Weyl modules for the hyperspecial maximal parabolic subalgebra of type $A_{2n}^{(2)}$. We prove that the dimension of a local Weyl module depends only on its highest weight, thus establishing a freeness result for global Weyl modules. Furthermore, we show that the graded local Weyl modules are level one Demazure modules for the corresponding affine Lie algebra. In the last section we derive the same results for the special maximal parabolic subalgebras of the twisted affine Lie algebras not of type $A_{2n}^{(2)}$.
We give uniform formulas for the branching rules of level 1 modules over orthogonal affine Lie algebras for all conformal pairs associated to symmetric spaces. We also provide a combinatorial intepretation of these formulas in terms of certain abelian subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.
We study the interaction between the block decompositions of reduced universal enveloping algebras in positive characteristic, the PBW filtration, and the nilpotent cone. We provide two natural versions of the PBW filtration on the block subalgebra $A_λ$ of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\mathcal{U}_χ(\mathfrak{g})$ and show these are dual to each other. We also consider a shifted PBW filtration for which we relate the associated graded algebra to the algebra of functions on the Frobenius neighbourhood of $0$ in the nilpotent cone and the coinvariants algebra corresponding to $λ$…
An Ore extension over a polynomial algebra F[x] is either a quantum plane, a quantum Weyl algebra, or an infinite-dimensional unital associative algebra A_h generated by elements x,y, which satisfy yx-xy = h, where h is in F[x]. When h is nonzero, these algebras are subalgebras of the Weyl algebra A_1 and can be viewed as differential operators with polynomial coefficients. In previous work, we studied the structure of A_h and determined its automorphism group and the subalgebra of invariants under the automorphism group. Here we determine the irreducible A_h-modules. In a sequel to this paper…
Given a quasi-hereditary algebra $B$, we present conditions which guarantee that the algebra $\gr B$ obtained by grading $B$ by its radical filtration is Koszul and at the same time inherits the quasi-hereditary property and other good Lie-theoretic properties that $B$ might possess. The method involves working with a pair $(A,{\mathfrak a})$ consisting of a quasi-hereditary algebra $A$ and a (positively) graded subalgebra $\mathfrak a$. The algebra $B$ arises as a quotient $B=A/J$ of $A$ by a defining ideal $J$ of $A$. Along the way, we also show that the standard (Weyl) modules for $B$ have …
We study the structural and homological properties of graded Artinian modules over generalized Weyl algebras (GWAs), and this leads to a decomposition result for the category of graded Artinian modules. Then we define and examine a category of graded modules analogous to the BGG category O. We discover a condition on the data defining the GWA that ensures O has a system of projective generators. Under this condition, O has nice representation-theoretic properties. There is also a decomposition result for O. Next, we give a necessary condition for there to be a strongly graded Morita equivalenc…
Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra and e a nilpotent element in g. To a certain nilpotent subalgebra m attached to e, called an admissible subalgebra of g, we associate an endomorphism algebra H. When m is constructed from a good grading for e, we recover the finite W-algebra associated to e and it is well-known that gr(H) is isomorphic to \C[S] as a graded Poisson algebra where S is the Slodowy slice of e and gr(H) is the graded algebra associated to the Kazhdan filtration. In this paper, we consider the case where g =\sl_{pn}(\C) and e consists of p Jordan blocks all of the same size n. H…
We extend the results of Cellini-Papi on the characterizations of nilpotent and abelian ideals of a Borel subalgebra to parabolic subalgebras of a simple Lie algebra. These characterizations are given in terms of elements of the affine Weyl group and faces of alcoves. In the case of a parabolic subalgebra of a classical Lie algebra, we give formulas for the number of these ideals.
We study the maximal abelian ad-nilpotent (mad) subalgebras of the domains D Morita equivalent to the first Weyl algebra. We give a complete description both of the individual mad subalgebras and of the space of all such. A surprising consequence is that this last space is independent of D. Our results generalize some classic theorems of Dixmier about the Weyl algebra.
Let $Γ$ be a finite group and $V$ a finite-dimensional $Γ$-graded space over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not equal to 2. In the sense of conjugation, we classify all the so-called pre-nil or nil maximal abelian subalgebras for the general linear Lie color algebra $\frak{gl}(V,Γ)$. In the situation of $Γ$ being a cyclic group, we determine the minimal dimensions of pre-nil or nil faithful representations for any finite-dimensional abelian Lie color algebra.
We show that if $T$ is a simple non-negatively graded regular vertex operator algebra with a nonsingular invariant bilinear form and $σ$ is a finite order automorphism of $T$, then the fixed-point vertex operator subalgebra $T^σ$ is also regular. This yields regularity for fixed point vertex operator subalgebras under the action of any finite solvable group. As an application, we obtain an $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$-compatibility between twisted twining characters for commuting finite order automorphisms of holomorphic vertex operator algebras. This resolves one of the principal claims in the Generali…
We classify up to isomorphism all finite-dimensional Lie algebras that can be realised as Lie subalgebras of the complex Weyl algebra $A_1$. The list we obtain turns out to be discrete and for example, the only non-solvable Lie algebras with this property are: $sl(2)$, $sl(2)\times\mathbb C$ and $sl(2)\ltimes{\cal H}_3$. We then give several different characterisations, normal forms and isotropy groups for the action of $Aut (A_1)\times Aut (sl(2))$ on a particular class of realisations of $sl(2)$ in $A_1$.
We develop a general framework for studying relative weight representations for certain pairs consisting of an associative algebra and a commutative subalgebra. Using these tools we describe projective and simple weight modules for quantum Weyl algebras for generic values of deformation parameters. We consider two quantum versions: one by Maltsiniotis and the other one by Akhavizadegan and Jordan.
Let U be the enveloping algebra of a symmetric Kac-Moody algebra. The Weyl group acts on U, up to a sign. In addition, the positive subalgebra U^+ contains a so-called semicanonical basis, with remarkable properties. The aim of this paper is to show that these two structures are as compatible as possible.
Any graded restricted simple Lie algebra of Cartan type contains a subalgebra isomorphic to the Witt algebra over a field of prime characteristic. As some analogue of study on branching rules for restricted non-classical Lie algebras, it is shown that each graded restricted simple Lie algebra of Cartan type can be decomposed into a direct sum of restricted baby Verma modules and simple modules as an adjoint module over the Witt algebra. In particular, the composition factors are precisely determined.
We define a class of quantum linear Galois algebras which include the universal enveloping algebra Uq(gln), the quantum Heisenberg Lie algebra and other quantum orthogonal Gelfand-Zetlin algebras of type A, the subalgebras of G-invariants of the quantum affine space, quantum torus for G = G(m, p, n), and of the quantum Weyl algebra for G = Sn. We show that all quantum linear Galois algebras satisfy the quantum Gelfand-Kirillov conjecture. Moreover, it is shown that the the subalgebras of invariants of the quantum affine space and of quantum torus for the reflection groups and of the quantum We…
We establish the existence of Demazure flags for graded local Weyl modules for hyper current algebras in positive characteristic. If the underlying simple Lie algebra is simply laced, the flag has length one, i.e., the graded local Weyl modules are isomorphic to Demazure modules. This extends to the positive characteristic setting results of Fourier-Littelmann and Naoi for current algebras in characteristic zero. Using this result, we prove that the character of local Weyl modules for hyper loop algebras depend only on the highest weight, but not on the (algebraically closed) ground field, and…
We classify subalgebras of a ring of differential operators which are big in the sense that the extension of associated graded rings is finite. We show that these subalgebras correspond, up to automorphisms, to uniformly ramified finite morphisms. This generalizes a theorem of Levasseur-Stafford on the generators of the invariants of a Weyl algebra under a finite group.
Let $(\mathfrak{g},τ)$ be a real simple symmetric Lie algebra and let $W \subset \mathfrak{g}$ be an invariant closed convex cone which is pointed and generating with $τ(W) = -W$. For elements $h \in \mathfrak{g}$ with $τ(h) = h$, we classify the Lie algebras $\mathfrak{g}(W,τ,h)$ which are generated by the closed convex cones \[C_{\pm}(W,τ,h) := (\pm W) \cap \mathfrak{g}_{\pm 1}^{-τ}(h),\] where $\mathfrak{g}^{-τ}_{\pm 1}(h) := \{x \in \mathfrak{g} : τ(x) = -x, [h,x] = \pm x\}$. These cones occur naturally as the skew-symmetric parts of the Lie wedges of endomorphism semigroups of certain sta…
For each nonzero $h\in \mathbb{F}[x]$, where $\mathbb{F}$ is a field, let $\mathsf{A}_h$ be the unital associative algebra generated by elements $x,y$, satisfying the relation $yx-xy = h$. This gives a parametric family of subalgebras of the Weyl algebra $\mathsf{A}_1$, containing many well-known algebras which have previously been studied independently. In this paper, we give a full description the Hochschild cohomology $\mathsf{HH}^\bullet(\mathsf{A}_h)$ over a field of arbitrary characteristic. In case $\mathbb{F}$ has positive characteristic, the center of $\mathsf{A}_h$ is nontrivial and …
We present methods and explicit formulas for describing simple weight modules over twisted generalized Weyl algebras. When a certain commutative subalgebra is finitely generated over an algebraically closed field we obtain a classification of a class of locally finite simple weight modules as those induced from simple modules over a subalgebra isomorphic to a tensor product of noncommutative tori. As an application we describe simple weight modules over the quantized Weyl algebra.
We provide an explicit bijection between the ad-nilpotent ideals of a Borel subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra g and the orbits of \check{Q}/(h+1)\check{Q} under the Weyl group (\check{Q} being the coroot lattice and h the Coxeter number of g). From this result we deduce in a uniform way a counting formula for the ad-nilpotent ideals.
We develop the theory of integrable representations for an arbitrary maximal parabolic subalgebra of an affine Lie algebra. We see that such subalgebras can be thought of as arising in a natural way from a Borel--de Siebenthal pair of semisimple Lie algebras. We see that although there are similarities with the represenation thery of the standard maximal parabolic subalgebra there are also very interesting and non--trivial differences; including the fact that there are examples of non--trivial global Weyl modules which are irreducible and finite--dimensional. We also give a presentation of the…
A monomial basis and a filtration of subalgebras for the universal enveloping algebra $U(g_l)$ of a complex simple Lie algebra $g_l$ of type $A_l$ is given in this note. In particular, a new multiplicity formula for the Weyl module $V(λ)$ of $U(g_l)$ is obtained in this note.
We study the representation theory of graded Hecke algebras, starting from scratch and focusing on representations that are obtained with induction from a discrete series representation of a parabolic subalgebra. We determine all intertwining operators between such parabolically induced representations, and use them to parametrize the irreducible representations.
We establish the submaximal symmetry dimension for Riemannian and Lorentzian conformal structures. The proof is based on enumerating all subalgebras of orthogonal Lie algebras of sufficiently large dimension and verifying if they stabilize a non-zero Weyl tensor up to scale. Our main technical tools include Dynkin's classification of maximal subalgebras in complex simple Lie algebras, a theorem of Mostow, and Kostant's Bott-Borel-Weil theorem.
The orbits of Weyl groups W(A(n)) of simple A(n) type Lie algebras are reduced to the union of orbits of the Weyl groups of maximal reductive subalgebras of A(n). Matrices transforming points of the orbits of W(An) into points of subalgebra orbits are listed for all cases n<=8 and for the infinite series of algebra-subalgebra pairs A(n) - A(n-k-1) x A(k) x U(1), A(2n) - B(n), A(2n-1) - C(n), A(2n-1) - D(n). Numerous special cases and examples are shown.
In \cite{FMX19}, it is proved that the convolution algebra of top Borel-Moore homology on Steinberg variety of type $B/C$ realizes $U(sl_n^θ)$, where $sl_{n}^θ$ is the fixed point subalgebra of involution on $sl_n$. So top Borel-Moore homology of the partial Springer's fibers gives the representations of $U(sl_n^θ)$. In this paper, we study these representations using the Schur-Weyl duality and Springer theory.
Let X be the group of weights of a maximal torus of a simply connected semisimple group over C and let W be the Weyl group. The semidirect product W(Q\otimes X/X) is called the extended Weyl group. There is a natural C(v)-algebra H called the extended Hecke algebra with basis indexed by the extended Weyl group which contains the usual Hecke algebra as a subalgebra. We construct an H-module with basis indexed by the involutions in the extended Weyl group. This generalizes a construction of the author and D.Vogan.
We study the analogue of the Harish-Chandra homomorphism where the universal enveloping algebra is replaced by the Clifford algebra, $Cl(g)$, of a semisimple Lie algebra $g$. Two main goals are achieved. First, we prove that there is a Harish-Chandra type isomorphism between the subalgebra of $g$-invariants in $Cl(g)$ and the Clifford algebra of the Cartan subalgebra of $g$. Second, the Cartan subalgebra is identified, via this isomorphism, with a graded space of the so-called primitive skew-symmetric invariants of $g$. This leads to a distinguished orthogonal basis of the Cartan subalgebra, w…
We introduce generalized global Weyl modules and relate their graded characters to nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials and nonsymmetric $q$-Whittaker functions. In particular, we show that the series part of the nonsymmetric $q$-Whittaker function is a generating function for the graded characters of generalized global Weyl modules.
We construct a filtration on integrable highest weight module of an affine Lie algebra whose adjoint graded quotient is a direct sum of global Weyl modules. We show that the graded multiplicity of each Weyl module there is given by a corresponding level-restricted Kostka polynomial. This leads to an interpretation of level-restricted Kostka polynomials as the graded dimension of the space of conformal coinvariants. In addition, as an application of the level one case of the main result, we realize global Weyl modules of current algebras of type $\mathsf{ADE}$ in terms of Schubert manifolds of …
Using the Zhu algebra for a certain category of $\mathbb{C}$-graded vertex algebras $V$, we prove that if $V$ is finitely $Ω$-generated and satisfies suitable grading conditions, then $V$ is rational, i.e. has semi-simple representation theory, with one dimensional level zero Zhu algebra. Here $Ω$ denotes the vectors in $V$ that are annihilated by lowering the real part of the grading. We apply our result to the family of rank one Weyl vertex algebras with conformal element $ω_μ$ parameterized by $μ\in \mathbb{C}$, and prove that for certain non-integer values of $μ$, these vertex algebras, wh…
We study finite-dimensional respresentations of twisted current algebras and show that any graded twisted Weyl module is isomorphic to level one Demazure module for the twisted affine Kac-Moody algebra. Using the tensor product property of Demazure modules, we obtain, by analyzing the fundamental Weyl modules, dimension and character formulas. Moreover we prove that graded twisted Weyl modules can be obtained by taking the associated graded modules of Weyl modules for the loop algebra, which implies that its dimension and classical character are independent of the support and depend only on it…
We identify level one global Weyl modules for toroidal Lie algebras with certain twists of modules constructed by Moody-Eswara Rao-Yokonuma via vertex operators for type ADE and by Iohara-Saito-Wakimoto and Eswara Rao for general type. The twist is given by an action of $\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ on the toroidal Lie algebra. As a byproduct, we obtain a formula for the character of the level one local Weyl module over the toroidal Lie algebra and that for the graded character of the level one graded local Weyl module over an affine analog of the current Lie algebra.
Let g=g_0+g_1 be a Z_2-graded Lie algebra. We study the posets of abelian subalgebras of g_1 which are stable w.r.t. a Borel subalgebra of g_0. In particular, we find out a natural parametrization of maximal elements and dimension formulas for them. We recover as special cases several results of Kostant, Panyushev, Suter.
We prove that certain parabolic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials calculate the graded decomposition matrices of v-Schur algebras given by the Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules, confirming a conjecture of Leclerc and Thibon.
We count the number of strictly positive $B$-stable ideals in the nilradical of a Borel subalgebra and prove that the minimal roots of any $B$-stable ideal are conjugate by an element of the Weyl group to a subset of the simple roots. We also compute the number of ideals whose minimal roots are conjugate to a fixed subset of simple roots.
We classify the simple restricted modules for the minimal $p$-envelope of the non-graded, non-restricted Hamiltonian Lie algebra $H(2; (1,1); Φ(1))$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p \geq 5$. We also give the restrictions of these modules to a subalgebra isomorphic to the first Witt Algebra, a result stated in [S. Herpel and D. Stewart, \emph{Selecta Mathematica} 22:2 (2016) 765--799] with an incomplete proof.
The orbits of Weyl groups W(B(n)), W(C(n)) and W(D(n)) of the simple Lie algebras B(n), C(n) and D(n) are reduced to the union of the orbits of Weyl groups of the maximal reductive subalgebras of B(n), C(n) and D(n). Matrices transforming points of W(B(n)), W(C(n)) and W(D(n)) orbits into points of subalgebra orbits are listed for all cases n<=8 and for the infinite series of algebra-subalgebra pairs B(n) - B(n-1) x U(1), B(n) - D(n), B(n) - B(n-k) x D(k), B(n) - A(1), C(n) - C(n-k) x C(k), C(n) - A(n-1) x U(1), D(n) - A(n-1) x U(1), D(n) - D(n-1) x U(1), D(n) -B(n-1), D(n) - B(n-k-1) x B(k), …
We investigate the perfect derived category dgPer(A) of a positively graded differential graded (dg) algebra A whose degree zero part is a dg subalgebra and semisimple as a ring. We introduce an equivalent subcategory of dgPer(A) whose objects are easy to describe, define a t-structure on dgPer(A) and study its heart. We show that dgPer(A) is a Krull-Remak-Schmidt category. Then we consider the heart in the case that A is a Koszul ring with differential zero satisfying some finiteness conditions.
Let $V=\oC^n$ and let $T:=T(V)\otimes T(V^*)$ be the mixed tensor algebra over $V$. We characterize those subsets $A$ of $T$ for which there is a subgroup $G$ of the unitary group $\UU(n)$ such that $A=T^G$. They are precisely the nondegenerate contraction-closed graded $*$-subalgebras of $T$. While the proof makes use of the First Fundamental Theorem for $\GL(n,\oC)$ (in the sense of Weyl), the characterization has as direct consequences First Fundamental Theorems for several subgroups of $\GL(n,\oC)$. Moreover, a Galois connection between linear algebraic $*$-subgroups of $\GL(n,\oC)$ and no…