We count the number of strictly positive $B$-stable ideals in the nilradical of a Borel subalgebra and prove that the minimal roots of any $B$-stable ideal are conjugate by an element of the Weyl group to a subset of the simple roots. We also compute the number of ideals whose minimal roots are conjugate to a fixed subset of simple roots.
In the present paper the field of invariants of the adjoint action of the unitriangular group in the nilradical of any parabolic subalgebra is described.
In the present paper the adjoint action of the unitriangular group in the nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra is studied. We set up general conjectures on the construction of the field of invariants and the structure of orbits of maximal dimension. The conjecture is proved for parabolic subalgebras of special types.
In the paper the algebra of invariants of the adjoint action of the unitriangular group in the nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra is studied. We set up a conjecture on the structure of the algebra of invariants. The conjecture is proved for parabolic subalgebras of special types.
In this paper the field of invariants for the adjoint action of the Borel group in the nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra is studied. We construct the set of B-invariant rational functions generating the field of invariants.
We study invariants of the adjoint action of the unipotent group in the nilradical of a parabolic subalgebra of types Bn, Cn, Dn. We introduce the notion of expanded base in the set of positive roots and construct an invariant for every root of the expanded base. We prove that these invariants are algebraically independent. We also give an estimate of the transcendence degree of the field of invariants.
Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field $\mathbbm k$ of characteristic zero. We consider the commuting variety $\mathcal C(\mathfrak u)$ of the nilradical $\mathfrak u$ of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak b$ of a Borel subgroup $B$ of $G$. In case $B$ acts on $\mathfrak u$ with only a finite number of orbits, we verify that $\mathcal C(\mathfrak u)$ is equidimensional and that the irreducible components are in correspondence with the {\em distinguished} $B$-orbits in $\mathfrak u$. We observe that in general $\mathcal C(\mathfrak u)$ is not equidim…
Let $G$ be a semisimple Lie group and let $\g =\n_- +\hh +\n$ be a triangular decomposition of $\g= \hbox{Lie}\,G$. Let $\b =\hh +\n$ and let $H,N,B$ be Lie subgroups of $G$ corresponding respectively to $\hh,\n$ and $\b$. We may identify $\n_-$ with the dual space to $\n$. The coadjoint action of $N$ on $\n_-$ extends to an action of $B$ on $\n_-$. There exists a unique nonempty Zariski open orbit $X$ of $B$ on $\n_-$. Any $N$-orbit in $X$ is a maximal coadjoint orbit of $N$ in $\n_-$. The cascade of orthogonal roots defines a cross-section $\r_-^{\times}$ of the set of such orbits leading to…
Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra and b a fixed Borel subalgebra of g. We shall describe the abelian ideals of b in a uniform way, that is, independent of the classification of complex simple Lie algebras.
Elaborating on a paper by Suter, we provide a detailed description of the automorphism group of the poset of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of a finite dimensional complex simple Lie algebra.
Let $Φ$ be a finite crystallographic irreducible root system and $\mathcal P_Φ$ be the convex hull of the roots in $Φ$. We give a uniform explicit description of the polytope $\mathcal P_Φ$, analyze the algebraic-combinatorial structure of its faces, and provide connections with the Borel subalgebra of the associated Lie algebra. We also give several enumerative results.
Let g=g_0+g_1 be a Z_2-graded Lie algebra. We study the posets of abelian subalgebras of g_1 which are stable w.r.t. a Borel subalgebra of g_0. In particular, we find out a natural parametrization of maximal elements and dimension formulas for them. We recover as special cases several results of Kostant, Panyushev, Suter.
Let $G$ be a complex simply-connected semisimple Lie group and let $\frak{g}= Lie G$. Let $\frak{g} = \frak{n}_- +\frak{h} + \frak{n}$ be a triangular decomposition of $\frak{g}$. One readily has that $Cent\,U({\frak n})$ is isomorphic to the ring $S({\frak n})^{\frak\n}$ of symmetric invariants. Using the cascade ${\cal B}$ of strongly orthogonal roots, some time ago we proved that $S({\frak n})^{{\frak n}$ is a polynomial ring $\Bbb C [ξ_1,...,ξ_m]$ where $m$ is the cardinality of ${\cal B}$. Using this result we establish that the maximal coadjoint of $N = exp \frak {n}$ has codimension $m$…
Let $G$ be a complex simply-connected semisimple Lie group and let $\frak{g}= Lie G$. Let $\frak{g} = \frak{n}_- +\frak{h} + \frak{n}$ be a triangular decomposition of $\frak{g}$. One readily has that $Cent\,U({\frak n})$ is isomorphic to the ring $S({\frak n})^{\frak\n}$ of symmetric invariants. Using the cascade ${\cal B}$ of strongly orthogonal roots, some time ago we proved that $S({\frak n})^{{\frak n}$ is a polynomial ring $\Bbb C [ξ_1,...,ξ_m]$ where $m$ is the cardinality of ${\cal B}$. Using this result we establish that the maximal coadjoint of $N = exp \frak {n}$ has codimension $m$…
Let $g$ be a simple Lie algebra and $Ab$ the poset of non-trivial abelian ideals of a fixed Borel subalgebra of $g$. In 2003 (IMRN, no.35, 1889--1913), we constructed a partition of $Ab$ into the subposets $Ab_μ$, parameterised by the long positive roots of $g$, and established some properties of these subposets. In this note, we show that this partition is compatible with intersections, relate it to the Kostant-Peterson parameterisation of abelian ideals and to the centralisers of abelian ideals. We also prove that the poset of positive roots of $g$ is a join-semilattice.
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a simple Lie algebra with a Borel subalgebra $\mathfrak b$ and $\mathfrak{Ab}$ the set of abelian ideals of $\mathfrak b$. Let $Δ^+$ be the corresponding set of positive roots. We continue our study of combinatorial properties of the partition of $\mathfrak{Ab}$ parameterised by the long positive roots. In particular, the union of an arbitrary set of maximal abelian ideals is described, if $\mathfrak g\ne\mathfrak{sl}_n$. We also characterise the greatest lower bound of two positive roots, when it exists, and point out interesting subposets of $Δ^+$ that are modular lattic…
Let $g$ be a simple Lie algebra and $Ab(g)$ the set of Abelian ideals of a Borel subalgebra of $g$. In this note, an interesting connection between $Ab(g)$ and the subsets of the Dynkin diagram of $g$ is discussed. We notice that the number of abelian ideals with $k$ generators equals the number of subsets of the Dynkin diagram with $k$ connected components. For $g$ of type $A_n$ or $C_n$, we provide a combinatorial explanation of this coincidence by constructing a suitable bijection. We also construct another general bijection between $Ab(g)$ and the subsets of the Dynkin diagram, which is ba…
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a complex simple Lie algebra. We classify the parabolic subalgebras $\mathfrak p$ of $\mathfrak g$ such that the nilradical of $\mathfrak p$ has a commutative polarisation. The answer is given in terms of the Kostant cascade. It requires also the notion of an optimal nilradical and some properties of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak g$. Some invariant-theoretic consequences of the existence of a commutative polarisation are also discussed.
Let $ W(n) $ be Jacobson-Witt algebra over algebraic closed field $ \mathbb{K} $ with positive characteristic $ p>2. $ It is difficult to classify all Borel subalgebras of $ W(n) $ or non-classical restricted simple Lie algebras. The present paper and \cite{S7} study two kinds of subalgebras which are easily to understand and highly related to Borel subalgebras. In \cite{S7}, the last author investigates a class of special Borel subalgebras of $W(n)$ which is called homogeneous Borel subalgebras. The present paper focuses on subalgebras of $ W(n) $ which are related to Borel subalgebras such t…
This paper generalizes the classification in a paper of Dimitrov and Penkov of Borel subalgebras of gl_infty. Root-reductive Lie algebras are direct limits of finite-dimensional reductive Lie algebras along inclusions preserving the root spaces with respect to nested Cartan subalgebras. A Borel subalgebra of a root-reductive Lie algebra is by definition a maximal locally solvable subalgebra. The main general result of this paper is that a Borel subalgebra of an infinite-dimensional indecomposable root-reductive Lie algebra is the simultaneous stabilizer of a certain type of generalized flag in…
In this paper, we study certain ad-nilpotent subalgebras contained in the non-zero graded portion of a simple Z_n-graded Lie algebra. These subalgebras respect the grading on the Lie algebra and are modules for a Borel subalgebra for the grade-zero Lie subalgebra. We show that semisimple elements in such subalgebras lie in the center of the subalgebra, and we provide a classification of these subalgebras whose weight space decompositions have only non-zero weights.
Let $B$ be a Borel subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group $G$ and let $\mathfrak m$ be an abelian nilradical in $\mathfrak b={\rm Lie} (B)$. Using subsets of strongly orthogonal roots in the subset of positive roots corresponding to $\mathfrak m$, D. Panyushev \cite{Pan} gives in particular classification of $B-$orbits in $\mathfrak m$ and ${\mathfrak m}^*$ and states general conjectures on the closure and dimensions of the $B-$orbits in both $\mathfrak m$ and ${\mathfrak m}^*$ in terms of involutions of the Weyl group. Using Pyasetskii correspondence between $B-$orbits in $\mathfrak m$ and …
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a simple Lie algebra with a Borel subalgebra $\mathfrak b$. Let $Δ^+$ be the corresponding (po)set of positive roots and $θ$ the highest root. A pair $\{η,η'\}\subset Δ^+$ is said to be glorious, if $η,η'$ are incomparable and $η+η'=θ$. Using the theory of abelian ideals of $\mathfrak b$, we (1) establish a relationship of $η,η'$ to certain abelian ideals associated with long simple roots, (2) provide a natural bijection between the glorious pairs and the pairs of adjacent long simple roots (i.e., some edges of the Dynkin diagram), and (3) point out a simple transform conn…
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>3$, and $\ggg$ the $p$-dimensional Witt algebra over $\mathbb{F}$. Let $\N$ be the nilpotent cone of $\ggg$. Explicit description of $\N$ is given, so that the conjugacy classes of Borel subalgebras of $\ggg$ under the automorphism group are determined. In contrast with only one conjugacy class of Borel subalgebras in a classical simple Lie algebra, there are two conjugacy classes of Borel subalgebras in $\ggg$. The representatives of conjugacy classes of Borel subalgebras, i.e., the so-called standard Borel subalgebras, ar…
Let $\mathfrak{p}$ be a parabolic subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}(V)$ of maximal dimension and let $\mathfrak{n} \subset \mathfrak{p}$ be the corresponding nilradical. In this paper we classify the set of $\mathfrak{sl}(V)$-modules whose restriction to $U(\mathfrak{n})$ is free of rank $1$. It turns out that isomorphism classes of such modules are parametrized by polynomials in $\dim V-1$ variables. We determine the submodule structure for these modules and we show that they generically are simple.
Not every quasihereditary algebra $(A,Φ,\unlhd)$ has an exact Borel subalgebra. A theorem by Koenig, Külshammer and Ovsienko asserts that there always exists a quasihereditary algebra Morita equivalent to $A$ that has a regular exact Borel subalgebra, but a characterisation of such a Morita representative is not directly obtainable from their work. This paper gives a criterion to decide whether a quasihereditary algebra contains a regular exact Borel subalgebra and provides a method to compute all the representatives of $A$ that have a regular exact Borel subalgebra. It is shown that the Carta…
Let $\b$ be a Borel subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra $\g$ and let $\Ab$ denote the set of all Abelian ideals of $\b$. We consider $\Ab$ as poset with respect to inclusion, the zero ideal being the unique minimal element of $\Ab$. It was shown in my paper with G.Roehrle (Adv. Math. v.159 (2001)) that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the maximal Abelian ideals and the long simple roots of $\g$. But the very existence of it was demonstrated in a case-by-case fashion. Here a conceptual explanation for that empirical observation is given. The main results are: 1) there is a natural ma…
We prove a bijection between finite-dimensional irreducible modules for an arbitrary quantum affine algebra $U_q(g)$ and finite-dimensional irreducible modules for its Borel subalgebra $U_q(g)^{\geq 0}$.
This paper is devoted to a detailed study of certain remarkable posets which form a natural partition of all abelian ideals of a Borel subalgebra. Our main result is a nice uniform formula for the dimension of maximal ideals in these posets. We also obtain results on ad-nilpotent ideals which complete the analysis started in \cite{CP2}, \cite{CP3}.
Recently, Brzeziński, Koenig and Külshammer have introduced the notion of normal exact Borel subalgebra of a quasihereditary algebra. They have shown that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between normal directed bocses and quasihereditary algebras with a normal and homological exact Borel subalgebra. In this short note, we prove that every exact Borel subalgebra is automatically normal. As a corollary, we conclude that every directed bocs has a group-like element. These results simplify Brzeziński, Koenig and Külshammer's bijection.
We provide an explicit bijection between the ad-nilpotent ideals of a Borel subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra g and the orbits of \check{Q}/(h+1)\check{Q} under the Weyl group (\check{Q} being the coroot lattice and h the Coxeter number of g). From this result we deduce in a uniform way a counting formula for the ad-nilpotent ideals.
Up to Morita equivalence, every quasi-hereditary algebra is the dual algebra of a directed bocs or coring. From the bocs, an exact Borel subalgebra is obtained. In this paper a characterisation of exact Borel subalgebras arising in this way is given.
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a simple Lie algebra and $\mathfrak{Ab}$ the poset of all abelian ideals of a fixed Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak g$. If $\mathfrak a\in\mathfrak{Ab}$, then the normaliser of $\mathfrak a$ is a standard parabolic subalgebra of $\mathfrak g$. We give an explicit description of the normaliser for a class of abelian ideals that includes all maximal abelian ideals. We also elaborate on a relationship between abelian ideals and $\mathbb Z$-gradings of $\mathfrak g$ associated with their normalisers.
It was shown by Cellini and Papi that an ad-nilpotent ideal determines certain element of the affine Weyl group, and that there is a bijection between the ad-nilpotent ideals and the integral points of a simplex with rational vertices. We give a description of the generators of ad-nilpotent ideals in terms of these elements, and show that an ideal has $k$ generators if and only it lies on the face of this simplex of codimension $k$. We also consider two combinatorial statistics on the set of ad-nilpotent ideals: the number of simple roots in the ideal and the number of generators. Considering …
Let $B$ be a Borel subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group $G$, and let $\mathfrak a$ be an abelian ideal of $\mathfrak b=Lie(B)$. The ideal $\mathfrak a$ is determined by certain subset $Δ_{\mathfrak a}$ of positive roots, and using $Δ_{\mathfrak a}$ we give an explicit classification of the $B$-orbits in $\mathfrak a$ and $\mathfrak a^*$. Our description visibly demonstrates that there are finitely many $B$-orbits in both cases. We also describe the Pyasetskii correspondence between the $B$-orbits in $\mathfrak a$ and $\mathfrak a^*$ and the invariant algebras $\Bbbk[\mathfrak a]^U$ and $\B…
In this paper, we give upper bounds for the index of the quotient of the Borel subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra or its nilpotent radical by an ad-nilpotent ideal. For the nilpotent radical quotient, our bound is a generalization of the formula for the index given by Panov in the type A case. In general, this bound is not exact. Using results from Panov, we show that the upper bound for the Borel quotient is exact in the type $A$ case, and we conjecture that it is exact in general.
We consider a Borel subalgebra $\fg$ of the general linear algebra and its subalgebra $\BB$ which is a Borel subalgebra of the special linear algebra, over arbitrary field. Let $\cL\in\{\fg, \BB\}$. We establish here explicit realizations of the center $Z(\cL)$ and semi-center $Sz(\cL)$ of the enveloping algebra, the Poisson center $S(\cL)^{\cL}$ and Poisson semi-center $S(\cL)^{\cL}_{\si}$ of the symmetric algebra. We describe their structure as commutative rings and establish isomorphisms $Z(\cL)\cong S(\cL)^{\cL}$, $Sz(\cL)\cong S(\cL)^{\cL}_{\si}$
We construct a family of right coideal subalgebras of quantum groups, which have the property that all irreducible representations are one-dimensional, and which are maximal with this property. The obvious examples for this are the standard Borel subalgebras expected from Lie theory, but in a quantum group there are many more. Constructing and classifying them is interesting for structural reasons, and because they lead to unfamiliar induced (Verma-)modules for the quantum group. The explicit family we construct in this article consists of quantum Weyl algebras combined with parts of a standar…
Let $(\mathfrak{g},[p])$ be a finite-dimensional restricted Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{K}$ of characteristic $p>0$, and $G$ be the adjoint group of $\mathfrak{g}$. We say that $\mathfrak{g}$ satisfying the {\sl generic property} if $\mathfrak{g}$ admits generic tori introduced in \cite{BFS}. A Borel subalgebra (or Borel for short) of $\mathfrak{g}$ is by definition a maximal solvable subalgebra containing a maximal torus of $\mathfrak{g}$, which is further called generic if additionally containing a generic torus. In this paper, we first settle a conjecture propose…
The purpose of my Ph.D. research is to define and study an analogue of the classical Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand (BGG) category $\mathcal{O}$ for the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, where $\mathfrak{g}$ is one of the finitary, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras $\mathfrak{gl}_\infty(\mathbb{K})$, $\mathfrak{sl}_\infty(\mathbb{K})$, $\mathfrak{so}_\infty(\mathbb{K})$, and $\mathfrak{sp}_\infty(\mathbb{K})$. Here, $\mathbb{K}$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. We call these categories "extended categories $\mathcal{O}$" and use the notation $\bar{\mathcal{O}}$. While the categorie…
Let $\frb$ be a fixed Borel subalgebra of a finite-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra $\frg$. The Shi bijection associates to every ad-nilpotent ideal $\fri$ of $\frb$ a region $V_{\fri}$. In this paper, we show that $\fri$ is abelian if and only if $V_{\fri}\cap 2A$ is empty, if and only if the volume of $V_{\fri}\cap 2A$ equals to that of $A$, where $A$ is the fundamental alcove of the affine Weyl group. For certain flag of abelian ideals, we record an ascending property of their associated regions. We also determine the maximal eigenvalue $m_{r-1}$ of the Casimir operator on $\wedge^{r-…
We studied the positive representations $P_λ$ of split real quantum groups $U_{q\tilde{q}}(g_R)$ restricted to the Borel subalgebra $U_{q\tilde{q}}(b_R)$. We proved that the restriction is independent of the parameter $λ$. Furthermore, we prove that it can be constructed from the GNS-representation of the multiplier Hopf algebra $U_{q\tilde{q}}^{C^*}(b_R)$ constructed earlier, which enables us to decompose their tensor product using the theory of the "multiplicative unitary". This will be an essential ingredient in the construction of quantum higher Teichmüller theory from the perspective of r…
In this note, we formulate and prove branching rules of simple polynomial modules for the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$. Our branching rules depend on the conjugacy class of the Borel subalgebra. A Gelfand-Tsetlin basis of a polynomial module associated to each Borel subalgebra is obtained in terms of generalized semistandard tableaux.
Highest weight categories arising in Lie theory are known to be associated with finite dimensional quasi-hereditary algebras such as Schur algebras or blocks of category $\mathcal O$. An analogue of the PBW theorem will be shown to hold for quasi-hereditary algebras: Up to Morita equivalence each such algebra has an exact Borel subalgebra. The category $\mathcal{F}(Δ)$ of modules with standard (Verma, Weyl, \dots) filtration, which is exact, but rarely abelian, will be shown to be equivalent to the category of representations of a directed box. This box is constructed as a quotient of a dg alg…
A (vector space) basis B of a Lie algebra is said to be very nilpotent if all the iterated brackets of elements of B are nilpotent. In this note, we prove a refinement of Engel's Theorem. We show that a Lie algebra has a very nilpotent basis if and only if it is a nilpotent Lie algebra. When g is a semisimple Lie algebra, this allows us to define an ideal of S((g^n)^*)^G whose associated algebraic set in g^n is the set of n-tuples lying in a same Borel subalgebra.
We continue the study in Ben-Shimol [1],[2] and consider a Borel subalgebra $\mathfrak{b}$ and its nil radical $\mathfrak{n}$ of the simple Lie algebras of types $G_2$, $F_4$, $C_n$ over arbitrary field. Let $\mathcal{L}\in\{\mathfrak{n}, \mathfrak{b}\}$. We establish here explicit realizations of the center $Z(\mathcal{L})$ and semi-center $Sz(\mathcal{L})$ of the enveloping algebra, the Poisson center $S(\mathcal{L})^{\mathcal{L}}$ and Poisson semi-center $S(\mathcal{L})^{\mathcal{L}}_{\operatorname{si}}$ of the symmetric algebra. We describe their structure as commutative rings and establis…