Buch and Fulton conjectured the nonnegativity of the quiver coefficients appearing in their formula for a quiver variety. Knutson, Miller and Shimozono proved this conjecture as an immediate consequence of their ``component formula''. We present an alternative proof of the component formula by substituting combinatorics for Grobner degeneration. We relate the component formula to the work of Buch, Kresch, Tamvakis and the author where a ``splitting'' formula for Schubert polynomials in terms of quiver coefficients was obtained. We prove analogues of this latter result for the type BCD-Schubert polynomials of Billey and Haiman.
We give a description of faces of all codimensions for the cones of weights of rings of semi-invariants of quivers. For a triple flag quiver and faces of codimension 1 this reduces to the result of Knutson-Tao-Woodward on the facets of the Klyachko cone. We give new applications to Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, including a product formula for LR-coefficients corresponding to triples of partitions lying on a wall of the Klyachko cone. We systematically review and develop the necessary methods (exceptional and Schur sequences, orthogonal categories, semi-stable decompositions, GIT quotient…
We describe two new combinatorial algorithms (using the language of "triangular arrays") for computing the Fourier transforms of simple perverse sheaves on the moduli space of representations of an equioriented quiver of type A. (A rather different solution to this problem was previously obtained by Knight-Zelevinsky.) Along the way, we also show that the closure partial order and the dimensions of orbits have especially concise descriptions in the language of triangular arrays.
We recast the classical notion of standard tableaux in an alcove-geometric setting and extend these classical ideas to all reduced paths in our geometry. This broader path-perspective is essential for implementing the higher categorical ideas of Elias--Williamson in the setting of quiver Hecke algebras. Our first main result is the construction of light leaves bases of quiver Hecke algebras. These bases are richer and encode more structural information than their classical counterparts, even in the case of the symmetric groups. Our second main result provides path-theoretic generators for the …
This paper presents a geometric model of the Auslander-Reiten quiver of a type A quiver together with a stability function for which all indecomposable modules are stable. We also introduce a new Catalan object which we call a maximal almost rigid representation. We show that its endomorphism algebra is a tilted algebra of type A. We define a partial order on the set of maximal almost rigid representations and use our new geometric model to show that this partial order is a Cambrian lattice.
We investigate the combinatorics of quivers that arise from triangulations of even-dimensional cyclic polytopes. Work of Oppermann and Thomas pinpoints such quivers as the prototypes for higher-dimensional cluster theory. We first show that a $2d$-dimensional triangulation has no interior $(d + 1)$-simplices if and only if its quiver is a cut quiver of type $A$, in the sense of Iyama and Oppermann. This is a higher-dimensional generalisation of the fact that triangulations of polygons with no interior triangles correspond to orientations of an $A_{n}$ Dynkin diagram. An application of this fir…
Exceptional sequences are important sequences of quiver representations in the study of representation theory of algebras. They are also closely related to the theory of cluster algebras and the combinatorics of Coxeter groups. We combinatorially classify exceptional sequences of a family of type D Dynkin quivers, and we show how our model for exceptional sequences connects to the combinatorics of type D noncrossing partitions.
In this paper, we utilize the machinery of cluster algebras, quiver mutations, and brane tilings to study a variety of historical enumerative combinatorics questions all under one roof. Previous work [Zha, LMNT14], which arose during the second author's monitorship of undergraduates, and more recently of both authors [LM17], analyzed the cluster algebra associated to the cone over $\mathbf{dP_3}$, the del Pezzo surface of degree $6$ ($\mathbb{CP}^2$ blown up at three points). By investigating sequences of toric mutations, those occurring only at vertices with two incoming and two outgoing arro…
Algebraic Nahm equations, considered in the paper, are polynomial equations, governing the $q\rightarrow 1$ limit of the $q$-hypergeometric Nahm sums. They make an appearance in various fields: hyperbolic geometry, knot theory, quiver representation theory, topological strings and conformal field theory. In this paper we focus primarily on Nahm sums and Nahm equations that arise in relation with symmetric quivers. For a large class of them, we prove that quiver A-polynomials -- specialized resultants of the Nahm equations, are tempered (the so-called K-theoretic condition). This implies that t…
Exceptional sequences are certain ordered sequences of quiver representations. We introduce a class of objects called strand diagrams and use this model to classify exceptional sequences of representations of a quiver whose underlying graph is a type $A_n$ Dynkin diagram. We also use variations of this model to classify c-matrices of such quivers, to interpret exceptional sequences as linear extensions of posets, and to give a simple bijection between exceptional sequences and certain chains in the lattice of noncrossing partitions. This work extends a classification of exceptional sequences f…
In this paper we study the combinatorial consequences of the relationship between rational Cherednik algebras of type $G(l,1,n)$, cyclic quiver varieties and Hilbert schemes. We classify and explicitly construct $\mathbb{C}^*$-fixed points in cyclic quiver varieties and calculate the corresponding characters of tautological bundles. Furthermore, we give a combinatorial description of the bijections between $\mathbb{C}^*$-fixed points induced by the Etingof-Ginzburg isomorphism and Nakajima reflection functors. We apply our results to obtain a new proof as well as a generalization of the $q$-ho…
We define Bernstein-Gelfand-Ponomarev reflection functors in the cluster categories of hereditary algebras. They are triangle equivalences which provide a natural quiver realization of the "truncated simple reflections" on the set of almost positive roots $Φ_{\ge -1}$ associated to a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra. Combining with the tilting theory in cluster categories developed in [4], we give a unified interpretation via quiver representations for the generalized associahedra associated to the root systems of all Dynkin types (a simply-laced or non-simply-laced). This confirms th…
The work of Buch and Fulton established a formula for a general kind of degeneracy locus associated to an oriented quiver of type $A$. The main ingredients in this formula are Schur determinants and certain integers, the quiver coefficients, which generalize the classical Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. Our aim in this paper is to prove a positive combinatorial formula for the quiver coefficients when the rank conditions defining the degeneracy locus are given by a permutation. In particular, this gives new expansions for Fulton's universal Schubert polynomials and the Schubert polynomials…
The main theorem here is the K-theoretic analogue of the cohomological `stable double component formula' for quiver functions in [Knutson, Miller, and Shimozono, math.AG/0308142]. This K-theoretic version is still in terms of lacing diagrams, but nonminimal diagrams contribute terms of higher degree. The motivating consequence is a conjecture of A. Buch on the sign-alternation of the coefficients appearing in his expansion of quiver K-polynomials in terms of stable Grothendieck polynomials for partitions [Buch, math.AG/0104029].
We prove K-theoretic generalizations of the component formulas of Knutson, Miller, and Shimozono, and deduce that K-theoretic quiver coefficients have alternating signs. We also prove new variants of the factor sequences conjecture, and a conjecture of Knutson, Miller, and Shimozono stating that the double ratio formula agrees with the original quiver formulas. For completeness we include a short proof of the ratio formula for quiver varieties.
Fulton's universal Schubert polynomials give cohomology formulas for a class of degeneracy loci, which generalize Schubert varieties. The K-theoretic quiver formula of Buch expresses the structure sheaves of these loci as integral linear combinations of products of stable Grothendieck polynomials. We prove an explicit combinatorial formula for the coefficients, which shows that they have alternating signs. Our result is applied to obtain new expansions for the Grothendieck polynomials of Lascoux and Schützenberger.
In our joint paper with W. Fulton (math.AG/9804041) we prove a formula for the cohomology class of a quiver variety. This formula involves a new class of generalized Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, all of which surprisingly seem to be non-negative. We conjecture that each of these coefficients count the number of sequences of semistandard Young tableaux which satisfy certain conditions. In this paper I give a proof of this conjecture in the special case where the quiver variety can be described by at most four vector bundles. I also prove that the general conjecture follows from a simple c…
We use combinatorics of quivers and the corresponding surfaces to study maximal green sequences of minimal length for quivers of type $\mathbb{A}$. We prove that such sequences have length $n+t$, where $n$ is the number of vertices and $t$ is the number of 3-cycles in the quiver. Moreover, we develop a procedure that yields these minimal length maximal green sequences.
Lots of research focuses on the combinatorics behind various bases of cluster algebras. This paper studies the natural basis of a type A cluster algebra, which consists of all cluster monomials. We introduce a new kind of combinatorial formulas for the cluster monomials in terms of the so-called globally compatible collections. We give bijective proofs of these formulas by comparing with the well-known combinatorial models of the T-paths and of the perfect matchings in a snake diagram. For cluster variables of a type A cluster algebra, we give a bijection that relates our new formula with the …
In our joint paper with W. Fulton (math.AG/9804041) we prove a formula for the cohomology class of a quiver variety. This formula is general enough to give new expressions for all known types of Schubert polynomials. In the present paper we discuss the relationship between this formula and Stanley symmetric functions. We show that the coefficients obtained when a Stanley symmetric function is expressed in the basis of Schur functions are special cases of a class of generalized Littlewood-Richardson coefficients appearing in the formula for quiver varieties. We also prove that Fulton's universa…
We study the Grothendieck classes of quiver cycles, i.e. invariant closed subvarieties of the representation space of a quiver. For quivers without oriented loops we show that the class of a quiver cycle is determined by quiver coefficients, which generalize the earlier studied quiver coefficients for equioriented quivers of type A. We conjecture that quiver coefficients satisfy positivity and finiteness properties. Our main result is a formula for the quiver coefficients for orbit closures of Dynkin type with rational singularities, which confirms the finiteness conjecture. This formula is ba…
We give an explicit natural identification between the quiver coefficients of Buch and Fulton, decomposition coefficients for Schubert polynomials, and the Schubert structure constants for flag manifolds. This is also achieved in K-theory where we give a direct argument that the decomposition coefficients have alternating signs, based on a theorem of Brion, which then implies that the quiver coefficients have alternating signs. Our identification shows that known combinatorial formulas for the latter two numbers give formulas for the quiver coefficients.
We use the stabilization functors to study the combinatorial aspects of the $F$-polynomial of a representation of any finite-dimensional basic algebra. We characterize the vertices of their Newton polytopes. We give an explicit formula for the $F$-polynomial restricting to any face of its Newton polytope. For acyclic quivers, we give a complete description of all facets of the Newton polytope when the representation is general. We also prove that the support of the $F$-polynomial is saturated for any rigid representation. We provide many examples and counterexamples, and pose several conjectur…
We provide combinatorial formulas for the multidegree and K-polynomial of an arbitrarily oriented type A quiver locus. These formulas are generalizations of three of Knutson-Miller-Shimozono's formulas from the equioriented setting; in particular, we prove the K-theoretic component formula conjectured by Buch and Rimányi.
We prove a formula for the structure sheaf of a quiver variety in the Grothendieck ring of its embedding variety. This formula generalizes and gives new expressions for Grothendieck polynomials. We furthermore conjecture that the coefficients in our formula have signs which alternate with degree. The proof of our formula involves $K$-theoretic generalizations of several useful cohomological tools, including the Thom-Porteous formula, the Jacobi-Trudi formula, and a Gysin formula of Pragacz.
We study graded dimension formulas for finite quiver Hecke algebras $R^{Λ_0}(β)$ of type $A^{(2)}_{2\ell}$ and $D^{(2)}_{\ell+1}$ using combinatorics of Young walls. We introduce the notion of standard tableaux for proper Young walls and show that the standard tableaux form a graded poset with lattice structure. We next investigate Laurent polynomials associated with proper Young walls and their standard tableaux arising from the Fock space representations consisting of proper Young walls. Then we prove the graded dimension formulas described in terms of the Laurent polynomials. When evaluatin…
We give four positive formulae for the (equioriented type A) quiver polynomials of Buch and Fulton. All four formulae are combinatorial, in the sense that they are expressed in terms of combinatorial objects of certain types: Zelevinsky permutations, lacing diagrams, Young tableaux, and pipe dreams (also known as rc-graphs). Three of our formulae are multiplicity-free and geometric, meaning that their summands have coefficient 1, and correspond bijectively to components of a torus-invariant scheme. The remaining (presently non-geometric) formula was conjectured for by Buch and Fulton in terms …
We prove the equivalence of (a slightly modified version of) the wall-crossing formula of Manschot, Pioline and Sen and the wall-crossing formula of Kontsevich and Soibelman. The former involves abelian analogues of the motivic Donaldson-Thomas type invariants of quivers with stability introduced by Kontsevich and Soibelman, for which we derive positivity and geometricity properties.
Kempf [1976] studied proper, G-equivariant maps from equivariant vector bundles over flag manifolds to G-representations V, which he called _collapsings_. We give a simple formula for the G-equivariant cohomology class on V, or_multidegree_, associated to the image of a collapsing: apply a certain sequence of divided difference operators to a certain product of linear polynomials, then divide by the number of components in a general fiber. When that number of components is 1, we construct a desingularization of the image of the collapsing. If in addition the image has rational singularities, w…
We investigate a family of representations of Gale-Robinson quivers that are geared towards providing concrete information about the corresponding cluster algebras. In this way, we provide a representation theoretic explanation for known combinatorial formulas for the Gale-Robinson sequence and also obtain similar formulas for several other cluster variables.
Caldero and Zelevinsky studied the geometry of quiver Grassmannians for the Kronecker quiver and computed their Euler characteristics by examining natural stratification of quiver Grassmannians. We consider generalized Kronecker quivers and compute virtual Poincare polynomials of certain varieties which are the images under projections from strata of quiver Grassmannians to ordinary Grassmannians. In contrast to the Kronecker quiver case, these polynomials do not necessarily have positive coefficients. The key ingredient is the explicit formula for noncommutative cluster variables given by Ral…
We prove a formula which generalizes both Onn's colorful determinantal formula, related to Rota's basis conjecture, and Svrtan's $n!$ formula, related to the Atiyah-Sutcliffe problem. In some cases, our formula allows us to prove some results similar in spirit to the statement of Rota's basis conjecture. We prove such a result using Svrtan's $n!$ formula, generalizing one of Svrtan's arguments to a combinatorial setting.
We prove a closed formula for the derivative, of any order, of a implicit function, in terms of some binomial building blocks, and explain the combinatorics behind the coefficients appearing in the formula.
In the case of Dynkin quivers we establish a formula for the Grothendieck class of a quiver cycle as the iterated residue of a certain rational function, for which we provide an explicit combinatorial construction. Moreover, we utilize a new definition of the double stable Grothendieck polynomials due to Rimanyi and Szenes in terms of iterated residues to exhibit how the computation of quiver coefficients can be reduced to computing coefficients in Laurent expansions of certain rational functions.
We show that the well known {\em homotopy complementation formula} of Björner and Walker admits several closely related generalizations on different classes of topological posets (lattices). The utility of this technique is demonstrated on some classes of topological posets including the Grassmannian and configuration posets, $\widetilde{\mathbf G}_n(R)$ and $\exp_n(X)$ which were introduced and studied by V.~Vassiliev. Among other applications we present a reasonably complete description, in terms of more standard spaces, of homology types of configuration posets $\exp_n(S^m)$ which leads to …
We obtain an explicit combinatorial formula for certain parabolic Kostka-Shoji polynomials associated with the cyclic quiver, generalizing results of Shoji and of Liu and Shoji.
We consider the algebraic combinatorics of the set of injections from a $k$-element set to an $n$-element set. In particular, we give a new combinatorial formula for the spherical functions of the Gelfand pair $(S_k \times S_n, \text{diag}(S_k) \times S_{n-k})$. We use this combinatorial formula to give new Delsarte linear programming bounds on the size of codes over injections.
We investigate the combinatorics of the general formulas for the powers of the operator $h \partial^k$, where $h$ is a central element of a ring and $\partial$ is a differential operator. This generalizes previous work on the powers of operators $h \partial$. New formulas for the generalized Stirling numbers are obtained.
We introduce new partial orders on the sequence positive roots and study the statistics of the poset by using Auslander-Reiten quivers for finite type ADE. Then we can prove that the statistics provide interesting information on the representation theories of KLR-algebras, quantum groups and quantum affine algebras including Dorey's rule, bases theory for quantum groups, and denominator formulas between fundamental representations. As applications, we prove Dorey's rule for quantum affine algebras $U_q(E_{6,7,8}^{(1)})$ and partial information of denominator formulas for $U_q(E_{6,7,8}^{(1)})$…
We derive explicit formulas for the normal ordering of powers of arbitrary monomials of boson operators. These formulas lead to generalisations of conventional Bell and Stirling numbers and to appropriate generalisations of the Dobinski relations. These new combinatorial numbers are shown to be coherent state matrix elements of powers of the monomials in question. It is further demonstrated that such Bell-type numbers, when considered as power moments, give rise to positive measures on the positive half-axis, which in many cases can be written in terms of known functions.
We study the generalization of shifted Jack polynomials to arbitrary multiplicity free spaces. In a previous paper (math.RT/0006004) we showed that these polynomials are eigenfunctions for commuting difference operators. Our central result now is the "transposition formula", a generalization of Okounkov's binomial theorem (q-alg/9608021) for shifted Jack polynomials. From this formula, we derive an interpolation formula, an evaluation formula, a scalar product, a binomial theorem, and properties of the algebra generated by the multiplication and difference operators.
In a previous paper we have presented a partition formula for the even-index Fibonacci numbers using the preprojective representations of the 3-Kronecker quiver and its universal cover, the 3-regular star. Now we deal in a similar way with the odd-index Fibonacci numbers. The Fibonacci modules introduced here provide a convenient categorification of the Fibonacci numbers.
We present a concise explicit expression for the heat trace coefficients of spheres. Our formulas yield certain combinatorial identities which are proved following ideas of D. Zeilberger. In particular, these identities allow to recover in a surprising way some known formulas for the heat trace asymptotics. Our approach is based on a method for computation of heat invariants developed in math.DG/9905073.
We study using combinatorial methods the structural coefficients of the formal homogeneous universal enveloping algebra Uh(sl2) of the special linear algebra sl2 over a field of characteristic zero. We provide explicit formulae for the product of generic elements in Uh(sl2), and construct combinatorial objects giving flesh to these formulae.
