Let S be a minimal complex surface of general type with p_g=0 such that the bicanonical map of S is not birational and let Z be the bicanonical image. In [M.Mendes Lopes, R.Pardini, "Enriques surfaces with eight nodes", Math. Zeit. 241 (4) (2002), 673-683] it is shown that either: i) Z is a rational surface, or ii) K^2_S=3, the bicanonical map is a degree two morphism and Z is birational to an Enriques surface. Up to now no example of case ii) was known. Here an explicit construction of all such surfaces is given.
Furthermore it is shown that the corresponding subset of the moduli space of surfaces of general type is irreducible and uniruled of dimension 6.
We prove that if the bicanonical map of a minimal surface of general type S with p_{g}=q=1 and K^2=8 is non birational, then it is a double cover onto a rational surface. An application of this theorem is the complete classification of minimal surfaces of general type with p_{g}=q=1, K^2=8 and nonbirational bicanonical map.
Let $S$ be a minimal surface of general type with $p_g(S) = 0, K_S^2 = 5$ and bicanonical map of degree 4. Denote by $Σ$ the bicanonical image. If $Σ$ is smooth, then $S$ is a Burniat surface; and if $Σ$ is singular, then we reduced $Σ$ to one case and described it, furthermore $S$ has at most one $(-2)$-curve.
Let $S$ be a minimal surface of general type with $p_g = q = 1, K_S^2 = 7$. We prove that the degree of the bicanonical map is 1 or 2. Furthermore, if the degree is 2, we describe $S$ by a double cover.
We prove that the bicanonical map of the Cartwright-Steger surface is an embedding. We also discuss two minimal surfaces of general type, both covered by the Cartwright-Steger surface. One has $K^2=2$, $p_g=1$, $π_1=\{1\}$ and the other has $K^2=1$, $p_g=0$, $π_1=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$.
In this note it is shown that, given a smooth minimal complex surface of general type S with p_g(S)=0, K^2_S=3, for which the bicanonical map is a morphism, then the degree of the bicanonical map of S is not equal to 3. This completes our earlier results, showing that if X is a minimal surface of general type with p_g=0, K^2>=3 such that |2K_X| is free, then the bicanonical map of X can have degree 1, 2 or 4.
In this paper we study marked numerical Godeaux surfaces with special bicanonical fibers. Based on our construction method of marked Godeaux surfaces we give a complete characterization for the existence of hyperelliptic bicanonical fibers and torsion fibers. Moreover, we describe how the families of Reid and Miyaoka with torsion $\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}/5\mathbb{Z}$ arise in our homological setting.
In the present note we show that any surface of general type with $p_g=2$,$q=1$ and non-birational bicanonical map has a pencil of curves of genus 2. Combining this result with previous ones, one obtains thatan irregular surface $S$ of general type with $χ(S)\geq 2$ and non-birational bicanonical map has a pencil of curves of genus 2.
We study the minimal complex surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=7$ or 8 whose bicanonical map is not birational. In the paper 'The bicanonical map of surfaces with $p_g=0$ and $K^2\ge 7$' we have shown that if $S$ is such a surface, then the bicanonical map has degree 2. Here we describe precisely such surfaces showing that there is a fibration $f\colon S\to \pp^1$ such that: i) the general fibre $F$ of $f$ is a genus 3 hyperelliptic curve; ii) the involution induced by the bicanonical map of $S$ restricts to the hyperelliptic involution of $F$. Furthermore, if $K^2_S=8$, then $f$ …
This note contains a new proof of a theorem of Gang Xiao saying that the bicanonical map of a surface S of general type is generically finite if and only if the second plurigenus of S is strictly larger than 2. Such properties are also studied for adjoint linear systems |K_S+L|, where L is any divisor with at least 2 linearly independent sections.
By a theorem of Reider, a twisted bicanonical system, that means a linear system of divisors numerically equivalent to a bicanonical divisor, on a minimal surface of general type, is base point free if $K^2_S \geq 5$. Twisted bicanonical systems with base points are known in literature only for $K^2=1,2$. We prove in this paper that all surfaces in a family of surfaces with $K^2=3$ constructed in a previous paper with G. Bini and J. Neves have a twisted bicanonical system (different from the bicanonical system) with two base points. We show that the map induced by the above twisted bicanonical…
This paper is devoted to the classification of irregular surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=2$ and non birational bicanonical map. The main result is that, if $S$ is such a surface and if $S$ is minimal with no pencil of curves of genus 2, then $S$ is a double cover of a principally polarized abelian surface $(A,Θ)$, with $Θ$ irreducible. The double cover $S\to A$ is branched along a divisor $B\in |2Θ|$, having at most double points and so $K_S^2=4$.
A minimal surface of general type with $p_g(S)=0$ satisfies $1\le K^2\le 9$ and it is known that the image of the bicanonical map $\fie$ is a surface for $K_S^2\geq 2$, whilst for $K^2_S\geq 5$, the bicanonical map is always a morphism. In this paper it is shown that $\fie$ is birational if $K_S^2=9$ and that the degree of $\fie$ is at most 2 if $K_S^2=7$ or $K_S^2=8$. By presenting two examples of surfaces $S$ with $K_S^2=7$ and 8 and bicanonical map of degree 2, it is also shown that this result is sharp. The example with $K_S^2=8$ is, to our knowledge, a new example of a surface of general …
Let $S$ be a minimal surface of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=6$, such that its bicanonical map $\fie\colon S\to\pp^6$ is not birational. The map $\fie$ is a morphism of degree $\le 4$ onto a surface. The case of $°\fie=4$ is completely characterized in [Topology, {\bf 40} (5) (2001), 977--991] and the present paper completes the classification of these surfaces. It is proven that the degree of $\fie$ cannot be equal to 3, and the geometry of surfaces with $°\fie=2$ is analysed in detail. The last section contains three examples of such surfaces, two of which appear to be new.
A real 2-elementary K3 surfaces of type ((3,1,1),- id) yields a real anti-bicanonical curve s \cup A^\prime_1 (disjoint union) on the 4-th real Hirzebruch surface F_4 where s is the exceptional section of F_4 and the real curve A^\prime_1 has one real double point. We give a criterion (see Proposition 2.4) which determines whether the real double point is degenerate or not. One direction of the assertion of this proposition has already been proved in Lemma 4.6 of the preceding paper [9] (2015) by the author. In this paper we prove the inverse direction.
We classify the minimal algebraic surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1, K^2=8$ and bicanonical map of degree 2. It will turn out that they are isogenous to a product of curves, so that if $S$ is such a surface then there exist two smooth curves $C, F$ and a finite group $G$ acting freely on $C \times F$ such that $S = (C \times F)/G$. We describe the $C, F$ and $G$ that occur. In particular the curve $C$ is a hyperelliptic-bielliptic curve of genus 3, and the bicanonical map $ϕ$ of $S$ is composed with the involution $σ$ induced on $S$ by $τ\times id: C \times F \longrightarrow C \times F$, …
In this article we study the bicanonical map $ϕ_2$ of quadruple Galois canonical covers X of surfaces of minimal degree. We show that $ϕ_2$ has diverse behavior and exhibit most of the complexities that are possible for a bicanonical map of surfaces of general type, depending on the type of X. There are cases in which $ϕ_2$ is an embedding, and if so happens, $ϕ_2$ embeds $X$ as a projectively normal variety, and cases in which $ϕ_2$ is not an embedding. If the latter, $ϕ_2$ is finite of degree 1, 2 or 4. We also study the canonical ring of X, proving that it is generated in degree less than o…
This paper classifies surfaces of general type $S$ with $p_g=q=1$ having an involution $i$ such that $S/i$ has non-negative Kodaira dimension and that the bicanonical map of $S$ factors through the double cover induced by $i.$ It is shown that $S/i$ is regular and either: a) the Albanese fibration of $S$ is of genus 2 or b) $S$ has no genus 2 fibration and $S/i$ is birational to a $K3$ surface. For case a) a list of possibilities and examples are given. An example for case b) with $K^2=6$ is also constructed.
We list up all the candidates for the real isotopy types of real anti-bicanonical curves with one real nondegenerate double point on the 4-th real Hirzebruch surface RF_4 by enumerating the connected components of the moduli space of real 2-elementary K3 surfaces of type (S,θ)=((3,1,1), -id). We also list up all the candidates for the non-increasing simplest degenerations of real nonsingular anti-bicanonical curves on RF_4. We find an interesting correspondence between the real isotopy types of real anti-bicanonical curves with one real nondegenerate double point on RF_4 and the non-increasing…
In this paper some numerical restrictions for surfaces with an involution are obtained. These formulas are used to study surfaces of general type $S$ with $p_g=q=1$ having an involution $i$ such that $S/i$ is a non-ruled surface and such that the bicanonical map of $S$ is not composed with $i.$ A complete list of possibilities is given and several new examples are constructed, as bidouble covers of surfaces. In particular the first example of a minimal surface of general type with $p_g=q=1$ and $K^2=7$ having birational bicanonical map is obtained.
A nodal Enriques surface can have at most 8 nodes. We give an explicit description of Enriques surfaces with 8 nodes, showing that they are quotients of products of elliptic curves by a group isomorphic to $\Z_2^2$ or to $\Z_2^3$ acting freely in codimension 1. We use this result to show that if $S$ is a minimal surface of general type with $p_g=0$ such that the image of the bicanonical map is birational to an Enriques surface then $K^2_S=3$ and the bicanonical map is a morphism of degree 2.
We study surfaces of general type $S$ with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=3$ having an involution $i$ such that the bicanonical map of $S$ is not composed with $i$. It is shown that, if $S/i$ is not rational, then $S/i$ is birational to an Enriques surface or it has Kodaira dimension $1$ and the possibilities for the ramification divisor of the covering map $S\rightarrow S/i$ are described. We also show that these two cases do occur, providing an example. In this example $S$ has a hyperelliptic fibration of genus $3$ and the bicanonical map of $S$ is of degree $2$ onto a rational surface.
Let S be a minimal surface of general type with $p_g(S)=0$ and such that the bicanonical map $ϕ:S\to \pp^{K^2_S}$ is a morphism: then the degree of $ϕ$ is at most 4 and if it is equal to 4 then $K^2_S\le 6$. Here we prove that if $K^2_S=6$ and $°ϕ=4$ then S is a so-called {\em Burniat surface}. In addition we show that minimal surfaces with $p_g=0$, $K^2=6$ and bicanonical map of degree 4 form a 4-dimensional irreducible connected component of the moduli space of surfaces of general type.
We construct a new family of minimal smooth surfaces of general type with K^2=7 and p_g= 0. We show that for a surface in this family, its canonical divisor is ample and its bicanonical morphism is birational. We prove that these surfaces satisfy Bloch's conjecture.
We give explicit constructions of all the numerical Campedelli surfaces, i.e the minimal surfaces of general type with K^2=2 and p_g=0, whose fundamental group has order 9. There are three families, one with fundamental group equal to Z_9 and two with fundamental group equal to Z_3^2. We also determine the base locus of the bicanonical system of these surfaces. It turns out that for the surfaces with fundamental group equal to Z_9 and for one of the families of surfaces with fundamental group equal to Z_3^2 the base locus consists of two points. To our knowlegde, these are the only known examp…
We prove that the bicanonical system on a surface of general type with K^2=4 has no base components and describe clusters contracted by 4K_X for a numerical Godeaux surface and 3K_X for a numerical Campedelli surface.
We prove that the bicanonical map of a surfaces of general S type with p_g=q=0 is non birational if there exists a pencil on S whose general member is an hyperelliptic curve of genus 3.
Chapters : Old and new inequalities; Surfaces with $χ=1$ and the bicanonical map; Surfaces with $p_g=4$; Surfaces isogeneous to a product, Beauville surfaces and the absolute Galois group;Lefschetz pencils and braid monodromies;DEF, DIFF and other equivalence relations.
We show that the Kulikov surfaces form a connected component of the moduli space of surfaces of general type with p_g=0 and K^2=6. We also give a new description for the surfaces, extending ideas of Inoue. Finally we calculate the bicanonical degree of a Kulikov surface, and prove that they verify the Bloch conjecture.
We discover a family of surfaces of general type with $K^2=3$ and $p=q=0$ as free $C_{13}$ quotients of special linear cuts of the octonionic projective plane $\mathbb O \mathbb P^2$. A special member of the family has $3$ singularities of type $A_2$, and is a quotient of a fake projective plane. We use the techniques of \cite{BF20} to define this fake projective plane by explicit equations in its bicanonical embedding.
Let $S$ be a minimal surface of general type with $p_{g}(S)=0$ and $K^{2}_{S}=4$. Assume the bicanonical map $φ$ of $S$ is a morphism of degree $4$ such that the image of $φ$ is smooth. Then we prove that the surface $S$ is a Burniat surface with $K^{2}=4$ and of non nodal type.
We give a list of possibilities for surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$ having an involution $i$ such that the bicanonical map of $S$ is not composed with $i$ and $S/i$ is not rational. Some examples with $K^2=4,...,7$ are constructed as double coverings of an Enriques surface. These surfaces have a description as bidouble coverings of the plane.
The moduli space $\mathscr{M}$ of surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1, K^2=g=3$ (where $g$ is the genus of the Albanese fibration) was constructed by Catanese and Ciliberto in \cite{CaCi93}. In this paper we characterize the subvariety $\mathscr{M}_2 \subset \mathscr{M}$ corresponding to surfaces containing a genus 2 pencil, and moreover we show that there exists a non-empty, dense subset $\mathscr{M}^0 \subset \mathscr{M}$ which parametrizes isomorphism classes of surfaces with birational bicanonical map.
In this paper we study the minimal surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1$ and $K^2=4$ whose Albanese general fibre has genus 2, classifying those such that the direct image (under the Albanese morphism) of the bicanonical sheaf is sum of line bundles. We find 8 unirational families, all of dimension strictly bigger than the expected one. These families are pairwise disjoint irreducible components of the moduli space of minimal surfaces of general type.
In 1985 Xiao Gang proved that the bicanonical system of a complex surface $S$ of general type with $p_2(S)>2$ is not composed of a pencil [Bull. Soc. Math. France, 113 (1985), 23--51]. When in the end of the 80's it was finally proven that $| 2K_S|$ is base point free, whenever $p_g\geq 1$, the part of this theorem concerning surfaces with $p_g\geq 1$ became trivial. In this note a new proof of this theorem for surfaces with $p_g=0$ is presented.
In this paper, we study algebraic surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1$ and genus 2 Albanese fibrations. We first study the examples of surfaces with $p_g=q=1, K^2=5$ and genus 2 Albanese fibrations constructed by Catanese using singular bidouble covers of $\mathbb{P}^2$. We prove that these surfaces give an irreducible and connected component of $\mathcal{M}_{1,1}^{5,2}$, the Gieseker moduli space of surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1, K^2=5$ and genus 2 Albanese fibrations. Then by constructing surfaces with $p_g=q=1,K^2=3$ and a genus 2 Albanese fibration such that the number of the s…
Let $S$ be a {\em Todorov surface}, {\it i.e.}, a minimal smooth surface of general type with $q=0$ and $p_g=1$ having an involution $i$ such that $S/i$ is birational to a $K3$ surface and such that the bicanonical map of $S$ is composed with $i.$ The main result of this paper is that, if $P$ is the minimal smooth model of $S/i,$ then $P$ is the minimal desingularization of a double cover of $\mathbb P^2$ ramified over two cubics. Furthermore it is also shown that, given a Todorov surface $S$, it is possible to construct Todorov surfaces $S_j$ with $K^2=1,...,K_S^2-1$ and such that $P$ is also…
This short note contains an example of a 4-dimensional family of K3 surfaces having finite-dimensional motive. Some consequences are presented, for instance the verification of a conjecture of Voisin (concerning 0-cycles on the self-product) for K3 surfaces in this family.
We give a 1-dimensional family of classical and supersingular Enriques surfaces in characteristic 2 covered by the supersingular K3 surface with Artin invariant 1. Moreover we show that there exist 30 nonsingular rational curves and ten non-effective (-2)-divisors on these Enriques surfaces whose reflection group is of finite index in the orthogonal group of the Neron-Severi lattice modulo torsion.
In this note we construct an unlimited family of irregular algebraic surfaces of general type with canonical map of degree $ 8 $, irregularity $ 1 $ and arbitrarily large geometric genus such that the image of the canonical map is not a surface of minimal degree.
We complete the classification of smooth surfaces swept out by a 1-dimensional family of plane curves that do not form a fibration. As a consequence, we characterize manifolds swept out by a 1-dimensional family of hypersurfaces that do not form a fibration.
A few facts concerning the phrase "the automorphism groups become larger at special points of the moduli of K3 surfaces" are presented. It is also shown that the automorphism groups are of infinite order over a dense subset in any one-dimensional non-trivial family of projective K3 surfaces.
The minimal resolution of the degree four cyclic cover of the plane branched along a GIT stable quartic is a K3 surface with a non symplectic action of Z_4. In this paper we study the geometry of the one dimensional family of K3 surfaces associated to the locus of plane quartics with five nodes.
In this paper we describe a construction method for numerical Godeaux surfaces based on homological algebra. We show the existence of an 8-dimensional locally complete family of simply connected numerical Godeaux surfaces.
We describe a new method of constructing rational surfaces with given invariants in P^4 and present a family of degree 11 rational surfaces of sectional genus 11 with 2 six-secants that we found with this method.
We define and study a family of cubic surfaces in the projectivized tangent bundle over a four dimensional projective space associated to the root system D_5. The 27 lines are rational over the base and we determine the classifying map to the moduli space of marked cubic surfaces. This map has degree two and we use it to get short proofs for some results on the Chow group of the moduli space of marked cubic surfaces.
Let $p \geqslant 3$ be a prime number and let $n \geqslant 0$ be an integer such that $p-1$ divides $n.$ In this short note we construct a family of $(p,n)$-gonal Riemann surfaces of maximal genus $2np+(p-1)^2$ with more than one $(p,n)$-gonal group.
We study a family of surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=2$ and $K^2=7$, originally constructed by Cancian and Frapporti by using the Computer Algebra System MAGMA. We provide an alternative, computer-free construction of these surfaces, that allows us to describe their Albanese map and their moduli space.
We study the construction of complex minimal smooth surfaces $S$ of general type with $p_g(S)=0$ and $K_S^2=7$. Inoue constructed the first examples of such surfaces, which can be described as Galois $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$-covers over the four-nodal cubic surface. Later the first named author constructed more examples as Galois $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$-covers over certain six-nodal del Pezzo surfaces of degree one. In this paper we construct a two-dimensional family of minimal smooth surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=7$, as Galois $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$…
Bujalance, Costa and Izquierdo have recently proved that all those Riemann surfaces of genus $g \ge 2$ different from $3, 6, 12, 15$ and 30, with exactly $4g$ automorphisms form an equisymmetric one-dimensional family, denoted by $\mathcal{F}_g.$ In this paper, for every prime number $q \ge 5,$ we explore further properties of each Riemann surface $S$ in $\mathcal{F}_q$ as well as of its Jacobian variety $JS.$
For a smooth quasi-projective surface $X$ and an integer $n\ge 3$, we show that the universal family $Z^n$ over the Hilbert scheme $\text{Hilb}^{n}(X)$ of $n$ points has non $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein, rational singularities, and that the Samuel multiplicity $μ$ at a closed point on $Z^n$ can be computed in terms of the dimension of the socle. We also show that $μ\le n$.
We study a family of surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=2$ and $K^2=7$, originally constructed by C. Rito. We provide an alternative construction of these surfaces, that allows us to describe their Albanese map and the corresponding locus $\mathcal{M}$ in the moduli space of the surfaces of general type. In particular we prove that $\mathcal{M}$ is an open subset, and it has three connected components, two dimensional, irreducible and generically smooth.
We construct a new family of minimal surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=2$ and $K^2=6$, whose Albanese map is a quadruple cover of an abelian surface with polarization of type $(1,3)$. We also show that this family provides an irreducible component of the moduli space of surfaces with $p_g=q=2$ and $K^2=6$. Finally, we prove that such a component is generically smooth of dimension 4 and that it contains the 2-dimensional family of product-quotient examples previously constructed by the first author. The main tools we use are the Fourier-Mukai transform and the Schrödinger representation of t…
