We generalize a result of Ein-Lazarsfeld-Smith (math.AG/0202303), proving that for an arbitrary sequence of zero-dimensional ideals, the multiplicity of the sequence is equal with its volume. This is done using a deformation to monomial ideals. As a consequence of our result, we obtain a formula which computes the multiplicity of an ideal I in terms of the multiplicities of the initial monomial ideals of the powers I^m. We use this to give a new proof of the inequality between multiplicity and the log canonical threshold due to de Fernex, Ein and the author.
We show the existence (and define) the mixed multiplicities of arbitrary graded families of ideals under mild assumptions. In particular, our methods and results are valid for the case of arbitrary $\mathfrak{m}$-primary graded families. Furthermore, we provide a far-reaching "Volume = Multiplicity formula" for the mixed multiplicities of graded families of ideals.
Let $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ be a Noetherian local ring of dimension $d > 0$. Let $I_\bullet = \{I_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ be a graded family of $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals in $R$. We examine how far off from a polynomial can the length function $\ell_R(R/I_n)$ be asymptotically. More specifically, we show that there exists a constant $γ> 0$ such that for all $n \ge 0$, $$\ell_R(R/I_{n+1}) - \ell_R(R/I_n) < γn^{d-1}.$$
We give simple necessary and sufficient conditions on projective schemes over a field k for asymptotic limits of the growth of all graded linear series of a fixed Kodaira-Iitaka dimension to exist. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions on a local ring R of dimension d for the limit \lim_{i\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\ell_R(R/I_n)}{n^d} to exist whenever \{I_n\} is a graded family of m_R-primary ideals. We give a number of applications.
Let S be a finitely generated standard multi-graded algebra over a Noetherian local ring A. This paper first expresses mixed multiplicities of S in term of Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity that explained the mixed multiplicities S as the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicities for quotient modules of S. As an application, we get formulas for the mixed multiplicities of ideals that covers the main result of Trung-Verma 2007 [TV].
We find simple necessary and sufficient conditions on a local ring $R$ of dimension $d$ for the limit $$ \lim_{i\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\ell_R(R/I_n)}{n^d} $$ to exist whenever $\{I_n\}$ is a graded family of $m_R$-primary ideals, and give a number of applications. We also give simple necessary and sufficient conditions on projective schemes over a field $k$ for asymptotic limits of the growth of all graded linear series of a fixed Kodaira-Iitaka dimension to exist.
We show that the mixed volumes of arbitrary convex bodies are equal to mixed multiplicities of graded families of monomial ideals, and to normalized limits of mixed multiplicities of monomial ideals. This result evinces the close relation between the theories of mixed volumes from convex geometry and mixed multiplicities from commutative algebra.
We associate convex regions in R^n to m-primary graded sequences of subspaces, in particular m-primary graded sequences of ideals, in a large class of local algebras (including analytically irreducible local domains). These convex regions encode information about Samuel multiplicities. This is in the spirit of the theory of Grobner bases and Newton polyhedra on one hand, and the theory of Newton-Okounkov bodies for linear systems on the other hand. We use this to give a new proof, as well as a generalization of a Brunn-Minkowski inequality for multiplicities due to Teissier and Rees-Sharp.
This paper is a survey on major results on Hilbert functions of multigraded algebras and mixed multiplicities of ideals, including their applications to the computation of Milnor numbers of complex analytic hypersurfaces with isolated singularity, multiplicities of blowup algebras and mixed volumes of polytopes.
The main results of this paper interpret mixed volumes of lattice polytopes as mixed multiplicities of ideals and mixed multiplicities of ideals as Samuel's multiplicities. In particular, we can give a purely algebraic proof of Bernstein's theorem which asserts that the number of common zeros of a system of Laurent polynomial equations in the torus is bounded above by the mixed volume of their Newton polytopes.
This paper investigates the relationship between multiplicities and the degree sequence of ideals in graded algebras, gives multiplicity equations of graded rings via the degree sequence of ideals, and characterizes mixed multiplicities and multiplicities of Rees rings in terms of the degree sequence of ideals. As an application, the paper answered an open question on the multiplicity of Rees rings.
We prove that limits of multiplicities associated to graded families of ideals exist under very general conditions. Most of our results hold for analytically unramified equicharacteristic local rings, with perfect residue fields. We give a number of applications, including a "volume = multiplicity" formula, generalizing the formula of Lazarsfeld and Mustata, and a proof that the epsilon multiplicity of Ulrich and Validashti exists as a limit for ideals in rather general rings, including analytic local domains. We also prove an asymptotic "additivity formula" for limits of multiplicities, and a…
We give several new applications of our theorem on the existence of multiplicity of graded families of ideals as a limit, including a very general Minkowski type inequality for graded families of ideals, a very general formula for existence of local volumes as a limit and a very general theorem on the existence of epsilon multiplicities as a limit for modules.
This paper is a review of concepts from graded commutative algebra with specific attention given to length and multiplicity. The author's motivation for this paper comes from the study of equivariant cohomology in algebraic topology where the graded commutative algebra of the module is intimately connected to topological properties of the space (as shown by Quillen). Results (and their proofs) which are often left as exercises, or considered 'folklore' in the commutative algebra community are included in this paper, as are references to relevant applications in topology. As such, this paper is…
On a smooth variety, Serre's intersection formula computes intersection multiplicities via an alternating sum of the lengths of Tor groups. When the variety is singular, the corresponding sum can be a divergent series. But there are alternate geometric approaches for assigning (often fractional) intersection multiplicities in some singular settings. Our motivating question comes from Fulton, who asks whether an analytic continuation of the divergent series from Serre's formula can be related to these fractional multiplicities. By applying work of Avramov and Buchweitz, we positively answer Ful…
Suppose that $R$ is an excellent local domain with maximal ideal $m_R$. The theory of multiplicities and mixed multiplicities of $m_R$-primary ideals extends to (possibly non Noetherian) filtrations of $R$ by $m_R$-primary ideals, and many of the classical theorems for $m_R$-primary ideals continue to hold for filtrations. The celebrated theorems involving inequalities continue to hold for filtrations, but the good conclusions that hold in the case of equality for $m_R$-primary ideals do not hold for filtrations. In this article, we consider multiplicities and mixed multiplicities of $R$ by $m…
This paper studies mixed multiplicities of an arbitrary standard bigraded algebra and mixed multiplicities of two ideals I, J in a local ring (A,m), where I is an m-primary ideal and J an arbitrary ideal. The main results are criteria for their positivity which can be used to compute them effectively. We also show that the range of positive mixed multiplicities of a bigraded algebra is rigid if the algebra satisfies the first chain condition and is connected in codimension one and that this range is always rigid for mixed multiplicities of ideals. These results can be used to study the mu-inva…
Let R be the local ring of a point on a variety X over an algebraically closed field k. We make a connection between the notion of mixed (Samuel) multiplicity of m-primary ideals in R and intersection theory of subspaces of rational functions on X which deals with the number of solutions of systems of equations. From this we readily deduce several properties of mixed multiplicities. In particular, we prove a (reverse) Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality for mixed multiplicities due to Teissier and Rees-Sharp. As an application in convex geometry we obtain a proof of a (reverse) Alexandrov-Fenchel in…
We interpret Hilbert-Kunz theory of a graded ring of positive characteristic in terms of Frobenius asymptotic of cohomology of vector bundles on projective varieties. With this method we show that for almost all prime numbers there exist three-dimensional quartic hypersurface domains and modules of finite length with irrational Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity. From this we deduce that also the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of a local noetherian domain might be an irrational number.
In this paper we define and explore properties of mixed multiplicities of (not necessarily Noetherian) filtrations of $m_R$-primary ideals in a Noetherian local ring $R$, generalizing the classical theory for $m_R$-primary ideals. We construct a real polynomial whose coefficients give the mixed multiplicities. This polynomial exists if and only if the dimension of the nilradical of the completion of $R$ is less than the dimension of $R$, which holds for instance if $R$ is excellent and reduced. We show that many of the classical theorems for mixed multiplicities of $m_R$-primary ideals hold fo…
Let S=K[x_1,...,x_n] be a polynomial ring and R=S/I be a graded K-algebra where I is a graded ideal in S. Herzog, Huneke and Srinivasan have conjectured that the multiplicity of R is bounded above by a function of the maximal shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R over S. We prove the conjecture in the case that codim(R)=2 which generalizes results in of Herzog, Srinivasan and Gold. We also give a proof for the bound in the case in which I is componentwise linear. For example, stable and squarefree stable ideals belong to this class of ideals.
We establish a generalization of the Briancon-Skoda theorem about integral closures of ideals for graded systems of ideals satisfying a certain geometric condition.
This paper gives the additivity and reduction formulas for mixed multiplicities of multi-graded modules $M$ and mixed multiplicities of arbitrary ideals, and establishes the recursion formulas for the sum of all the mixed multiplicities of $M.$ As an application of these formulas we get the recursion formulas for the multiplicity of multi-graded Rees modules.
We explore connections between the generalized multiplicities of square-free monomial ideals and the combinatorial structure of the underlying hypergraphs using methods of commutative algebra and polyhedral geometry. For instance, we show the $j$-multiplicity is multiplicative over the connected components of a hypergraph, and we explicitly relate the $j$-multiplicity of the edge ideal of a properly connected uniform hypergraph to the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of its special fiber ring. In addition, we provide general bounds for the generalized multiplicities of the edge ideals and compute t…
We consider the notion of mixed multiplicities for multigraded modules by using Hilbert series, and this is later applied to study the projective degrees of rational maps. We use a general framework to determine the projective degrees of a rational map via a computation of the multiplicity of the saturated special fiber ring. As specific applications, we provide explicit formulas for all the projective degrees of rational maps determined by perfect ideals of height two or by Gorenstein ideals of height three.
In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the minimal reductions of $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals of Cohen--Macaulay local rings. Using this algorithm, we are able to compute the Hilbert--Samuel multiplicities and solve the membership problem for the integral closure of $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals.
The theory of mixed multiplicities of filtrations by $m$-primary ideals in a ring is introduced in a recent paper by Cutkosky, Sarkar and Srinivasan. In this paper, we consider the positivity of mixed multiplicities of filtrations. We show that the mixed multiplicities of filtrations must be nonnegative real numbers and give examples to show that they could be zero or even irrational. When $R$ is analytically irreducible, and $\mathcal I(1),\ldots,\mathcal I(r)$ are filtrations of $R$ by $m_R$-primary ideals, we show that all of the mixed multiplicities $e_R(\mathcal I(1)^{[d_1]},\ldots,\mathc…
We give an expression for the Łojasiewicz exponent of a wide class of n-tuples of ideals $(I_1,..., I_n)$ in $Ø_n$ using the information given by a fixed Newton filtration. In order to obtain this expression we consider a reformulation of Łojasiewicz exponents in terms of Rees mixed multiplicities. As a consequence, we obtain a wide class of semi-weighted homogeneous functions $(\mathbb{C}^n,0)\to (\mathbb{C},0)$ for which the Łojasiewicz of its gradient map $\nabla f$ attains the maximum possible value.
In this article we give explicit descriptions of the multiplicities of some classes of monomial ideals. For instance, we give a formula for the multiplicities of all codimension 1 monomial ideals, and another formula for the multiplicities of almost complete intersections. We also introduce a new class of ideals that extends the family of monomial complete intersections, and give a formula for their multiplicity, as well as a visual interpretation of this invariant.
Suppose that R is an analytically irreducible or excellent local domain with maximal ideal m_R. We consider multiplicities and mixed multiplicities of R by filtrations of m_R-primary ideals. We show that the theorem of Teissier, Rees and Sharp, and Katz, characterizing equality in the Minkowski inequality for multiplicities of ideals, is true for divisorial filtrations, and for the larger category of bounded filtrations. This theorem is not true for arbitrary filtrations of m_R-primary ideals.
Over a regular local ring of dimension two with maximal ideal m, we study the Buchsbaum-Rim multiplicity of a finitely generated module M of finite colength in a free module F. First, we investigate the colength of an m-primary ideal and its Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity using linkage theory. As applications, we establish several multiplicity formula that express the Buchsbaum-Rim multiplicity of M in terms of the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicities of ideals related to a certain minimal reduction U of M. Moreover, there exists m-primary Bourbaki ideals I and J of the modules F and M respectively such…
Let $R$ be a standard graded Noetherian algebra over an Artinian local ring. Motivated by the work of Achilles and Manaresi in intersection theory, we first express the multiplicity of $R$ by means of local $j$-multiplicities of various hyperplane sections. When applied to a homogeneous inclusion $A\subseteq B$ of standard graded Noetherian algebras over an Artinian local ring, this formula yields the multiplicity of $A$ in terms of that of $B$ and of local $j$-multiplicities of hyperplane sections along ${\rm Proj}\,(B)$. Our formulas can be used to find the multiplicity of special fiber ring…
In this expository paper we survey results that relate Hilbert coefficients of an m-primary ideal I in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring (R, m) with depth of the associated graded ring G(I). Several results in this area follow from two theorems of S. Huckaba and T. Marley. These were proved using homological techniques. We provide simple proofs using superficial sequences.
We introduce the notion of Betti category for graded modules over suitably graded polynomial rings, and more generally for modules over certain small categories. Our categorical approach allows us to treat simultaneously many important cases, such as monomial ideals and toric rings. We prove that in these cases the Betti category is a finite combinatorial object that completely determines the structure of the minimal free resolution. For monomial ideals, the Betti category is the same as the Betti poset that we studied in a previous article. We describe in detail and with examples how the theo…
Given a graded sequence of ideals (a_m) on a smooth variety $X$ having finite log canonical threshold, suppose that for every m we have a divisor E_m over X that computes the log canonical threshold of a_m, and such that the log discrepancies of the divisors E_m are bounded. We show that in this case the set of divisors E_m is finite.
We develop a theory of multiplicities and mixed multiplicities of filtrations, extending the theory for filtrations of $m$-primary ideals to arbitrary (not necessarily Noetherian) filtrations. The mixed multiplicities of $r$ filtrations on an analytically unramified local ring $R$ come from the coefficients of a suitable homogeneous polynomial in $r$ variables of degree equal to the dimension of the ring, analogously to the classical case of the mixed multiplicities of $m$-primary ideals in a local ring. We prove that the Minkowski inequalities hold for arbitrary filtrations. The characterizat…
Let $(A, \frak m)$ be a noetherian local ring with maximal ideal $\frak{m}$ and infinite residue field $k = A/\frak{m}.$ Let $J$ be an $\frak m$-primary ideal, $I_1,...,I_s$ ideals of $A$, and $M$ a finitely generated $A$-module. In this paper, we interpret mixed multiplicities of $(I_1,..., I_s,J)$ with respect to $M$ as multiplicities of joint reductions of them. This generalizes the Rees's theorem on mixed multiplicity (Theorem 2.4). As an application we show that mixed multiplicities are also multiplicities of Rees's superficial sequences.
We use \ZZ^d-gradings to study d-dimensional monomial ideals. The Koszul functor is employed to interpret the quasidegrees of local cohomology in terms of the geometry of distractions and to explicitly compute the multiplicities of exponents. These multigraded techniques originate from the study of hypergeometric systems of differential equations.
Let $(R, \mathfrak m)$ be a Noetherian local ring. In this work we use the notion of (FC)-sequences, as defined in \cite{perez-bedregal1}, to present some results concerning reductions and the positivity of mixed multiplicities of a finite collection of arbitrary submodules of $R^p.$ We also investigate the length of maximal (FC)-sequences. We actually work in the more general context of standard graded $R$-algebras.
Let $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$ with maximal ideal $\frak{m}=(x_1,...,x_n)$, and let $I$ be a graded ideal of $S$. In this paper, we define the saturation number $\sat(I)$ of $I$ to be the smallest non-negative integer $k$ such that $I:\mm^{k+1}= I:\mm^k$. We show that $f(k)$ is linearly bounded, and that $f(k)$ is a quasi-linear function for $k\gg 0$, if $I$ is a monomial ideal. Furthermore, we show that $\sat(I^k)=k$ if $I$ is a principal Borel ideal and prove that $\sat(I_{d,n}^k) =\max\{l\:\; (kd-l)/(k-l) \leq n\},$ where $I_{d,n}$ is the …
The main result provides an algorithm for determining the minimal free resolution of ideals of fat point subschemes of ${\bf P}^2$ involving up to 8 general points with arbitrary multiplicities; the results hold over algebraically closed fields of any characteristic. The algorithm, which works by giving a formula in certain cases and a reduction to these cases otherwise, does not involve Gröbner bases, and so is very fast, even for very large multiplicities. Partial information is also obtained in certain cases with $n>8$.
Let R be a local Cohen-Macaulay ring, let I be an R-ideal, and let G be the associated graded ring of I. We give an estimate for the depth of G when G is not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay. We assume that I is either equimultiple, or has analytic deviation one, but we do not have any restriction on the reduction number. We also give a general estimate for the depth of G involving the first r+l powers of I, where r denotes the Castelnuovo regularity of G and l denotes the analytic spread of I.
This paper defines mixed multiplicity systems; the Euler-Poincare characteristic and the mixed multiplicity symbol of $\mathbb{N}^d$-graded modules with respect to a mixed multiplicity system, and proves that the Euler-Poincare characteristic and the mixed multiplicity symbol of any mixed multiplicity system of the type $(k_1,\ldots,k_d)$ and the $(k_1,\ldots,k_d)$-difference of the Hilbert polynomial are the same. As an application, we get results for mixed multiplicities.
For multiplicities arising from a family of ideals we provide a general approach to transformation rules for a ring extension étale in codimension one. Our result can be applied to bound the size of the local étale fundamental group of a singularity in terms of F-signature, recovering a recent result of Carvajal-Rojas, Schwede, and Tucker, and differential signature, providing the first characteristic-free effective bound.
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring with nonzero unity $1$. In this article, we introduce the concept of graded strongly $1$-absorbing primary ideals. A proper graded ideal $P$ of $R$ is said to be a graded strongly $1$-absorbing primary ideal of $R$ if whenever nonunit homogeneous elements $x, y, z\in R$ such that $xyz\in P$, then either $xy\in P$ or $z\in Grad(\{0\})$ (the graded radical of $\{0\}$). Several properties of graded strongly $1$-absorbing primary ideals are investigated. Many results are given to disclose the relations between this new c…
We study Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity for points of Schubert varieties in the complete flag variety, by Groebner degenerations of the Kazhdan-Lusztig ideal. In the covexillary case, we give a positive combinatorial rule for multiplicity by establishing (with a Groebner basis) a reduced and equidimensional limit whose Stanley-Reisner simplicial complex is homeomorphic to a shellable ball or sphere. We show that multiplicity counts the number of facets of this complex. We also obtain a formula for the Hilbert series of the local ring. In particular, our work gives a multiplicity rule for Grassman…
Let $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring over the field $K$, and let $I\subset S$ be a graded ideal. It is shown that for $k \gg0$ the postulation number of $I^k$ is bounded by a linear function of $k$, and it is a linear function of $k$, if $I$ is generated in a single degree. By using the relationship of the $h$-vector with the higher iterated Hilbert coefficients of $I^k$ it is shown that the Hilbert coefficients $e_i(I^k)$ of $I^k$ are polynomials for $k \gg 0$, whenever $I$ is generated in a single degree.
Let X be a smooth projective variety with torsion-free Picard group. We introduce complexes of vector spaces whose homology determines the structure of the minimal free resolution of the Cox ring of X over the polynomial ring and show how the homology of these complexes can be studied by purely geometric methods. As an application of these techniques we give a simple new proof of a characterization of the Cox rings of Del Pezzo surfaces (of degree >1) conjectured by Batyrev and Popov.
We find formulas for the graded core of certain m-primary ideals in a graded ring. In particular, if S is the section ring of an ample line bundle on a Cohen-Macaulay complex projective variety, we show that under suitable hypothesis, the core and graded core of the ideal of S generated by all elements of degrees at least N (for some, equivalently every, large N) are equal if and only if the line bundle admits a non-zero global section. We also prove a formula for the graded core of the powers of the unique homogeneous maximal ideal in a standard graded Cohen-Macaulay ring of arbitrary charact…
