This paper is a review of concepts from graded commutative algebra with specific attention given to length and multiplicity. The author's motivation for this paper comes from the study of equivariant cohomology in algebraic topology where the graded commutative algebra of the module is intimately connected to topological properties of the space (as shown by Quillen). Results (and their proofs) which are often left as exercises, or considered 'folklore' in the commutative algebra community are included in this paper, as are references to relevant applications in topology. As such, this paper is aimed at algebraic topologists and geometers looking for a detailed exposition of length and multiplicity computations in graded commutative algebra.
In this paper we establish a faithfulness result, in a homotopical sense, between a subcategory of the model category of augmented differential graded commutative algebras CDGA and a subcategory of the model category of augmented differential graded algebras DGA over the field of rational numbers $\mathbb{Q}$.
We prove that every commutative differential graded algebra whose cohomology is a simply-connected Poincare duality algebra is quasi-isomorphic to one whose underlying algebra is simply-connected and satisfies Poincare duality in the same dimension. This has application in particular to the study of CDGA models of configuration spaces on a closed manifold.
We use homological perturbation machinery specific for the algebra category [P. Real. Homological Perturbation Theory and Associativity. Homology, Homotopy and Applications vol. 2, n. 5 (2000) 51-88] to give an algorithm for computing the differential structure of a small 1--homological model for commutative differential graded algebras (briefly, CDGAs). The complexity of the procedure is studied and a computer package in Mathematica is described for determining such models.
In the context of commutative differential graded algebras over $\mathbb Q$, we show that an iteration of "odd spherical fibration" creates a "total space" commutative differential graded algebra with only odd degree cohomology. Then we show for such a commutative differential graded algebra that, for any of its "fibrations" with "fiber" of finite cohomological dimension, the induced map on cohomology is injective.
We show that the infinite symmetric product of a connected graded-commutative algebra over the rationals is naturally isomorphic to the free graded-commutative algebra on the positive degree subspace of the original algebra. In particular, the infinite symmetric product of a connected commutative (in the usual sense) graded algebra over the rationals is a polynomial algebra. Applied to topology, we obtain a quick proof of the Dold-Thom theorem in rational homotopy theory for connected spaces of finite type. We also show that finite symmetric products of certain simple free graded commutative a…
The aim of this note is to understand under which conditions invertible modules over a commutative S-algebra in the sense of Elmendorf, Kriz, Mandell and May give rise to elements in the algebraic Picard group of invertible graded modules over the coefficient ring by taking homotopy groups. If a connective commutative S-algebra R has coherent localizations (R_*)_m for every maximal ideal m in R_*, then for every invertible R-module U, U_* is an invertible graded R_*-module. In some non-connective cases we can carry the result over under the additional assumption that the commutative S-algebra …
In this paper one considers three homotopy functors on the category of manifolds, $hH^\ast, cH^\ast, sH^\ast,$ and parallel them with other three homotopy functors on the category of connected commutative differential graded algebras, $HH^\ast, CH^\ast, SH^\ast.$ If $P$ is a smooth 1-connected manifold and the algebra is the de-Rham algebra of $P$ the two pairs of functors agree but in general do not. The functors $ HH^\ast $ and $CH^\ast$ can be also derived as Hochschild resp. cyclic homology of commutative differential graded algebra, but this is not the way they are introduced here. The th…
The category of differential graded operads is a cofibrantly generated model category and as such inherits simplicial mapping spaces. The vertices of an operad mapping space are just operad morphisms. The 1-simplices represent homotopies between morphisms in the category of operads. The goal of this paper is to determine the homotopy of the operadic mapping spaces Map(E_n,C) with a cofibrant E_n-operad on the source and the commutative operad on the target. First, we prove that the homotopy class of a morphism phi: E_n -> C is uniquely determined by a multiplicative constant which gives the ac…
We construct a cofibrantly generated model structure on the category of differential non-negatively graded quasi-coherent commutative $D_X$-algebras, where $D_X$ is the sheaf of differential operators of a smooth afine algebraic variety X. The paper contains an extensive appendix on D-modules, sheaves versus global sections, some more technical model categorical issues, as well as on relative Sullivan algebras. This article is the first of a series of works -located at the interface of homotopical algebra, algebraic geometry, and mathematical physics - on a derived D-geometric approach to the …
A differential module is a module equipped with a square-zero endomorphism. This structure underpins complexes of modules over rings, as well as differential graded modules over graded rings. We establish lower bounds on the class--a substitute for the length of a free complex--and on the rank of a differential module in terms of invariants of its homology. These results specialize to basic theorems in commutative algebra and algebraic topology. One instance is a common generalization of the equicharacteristic case of the New Intersection Theorem of Hochster, Peskine, P. Roberts, and Szpiro, c…
Let R be a strongly Z-graded ring with degree-0 subring S, and let C be a chain complex of modules over the subring P of elements of non-negative degree. We show that there are non-commutative localisations of P which detect whether the complex C is S-finitely dominated or S-contractible, respectively, and that these localisations are universal among P-rings making S-finitely dominated and S-contractible complexes contractible. This generalises known results for polynomial rings to a much wider class of rings. We show by example that in general C need not be P-homotopy finite even if C is S-fi…
We show that the category of projective modules over a graded commutative ring admits a triangulation with respect to module suspension if and only if the ring is a finite product of graded fields and exterior algebras on one generator over a graded field (with a unit in the appropriate degree). We also classify the ungraded commutative rings for which the category of projective modules admits a triangulation with respect to the identity suspension. Applications to two analogues of the generating hypothesis in algebraic topology are given, and we translate our results into the setting of modul…
This correction article is actually unnecessary. The proof of Theorem 1.2, concerning commutative HQ-algebra spectra and commutative differential graded algebras, in the author's paper [American Journal of Mathematics vol. 129 (2007) 351-379 (arxiv:math/0209215v4)] is correct as originally stated. Neil Strickland carefully proved that D is symmetric monoidal; so Proposition 4.7 and hence also Theorem 1.2 hold as stated. Strickland's proof will appear in joint work with Stefan Schwede; see related work in Strickland's [arxiv:0810.1747]. Note here D is defined as a colimit of chain complexes; in…
This paper introduces the category of marked curved Lie algebras with curved morphisms, equipping it with a closed model category structure. This model structure is---when working over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero---Quillen equivalent to a model category of pseudo-compact unital commutative differential graded algebras; this extends known results regarding the Koszul duality of unital commutative differential graded algebras and differential graded Lie algebras. As an application of the theory developed within this paper, algebraic deformation theory is extended to func…
In this paper we study classical deformations of diagrams of commutative algebras over a field of characteristic 0. In particular we determine several homotopy classes of DG-Lie algebras, each one of them controlling this above deformation problem: the first homotopy type is described in terms of the projective model structure on the category of diagrams of differential graded algebras, the others in terms of the Reedy model structure on truncated Bousfield-Kan approximations. The first half of the paper contains an elementary introduction to the projective model structure on the category of c…
The commutative differential graded algebra $A_{\mathrm{PL}}(X)$ of polynomial forms on a simplicial set $X$ is a crucial tool in rational homotopy theory. In this note, we construct an integral version $A^{\mathcal{I}}(X)$ of $A_{\mathrm{PL}}(X)$. Our approach uses diagrams of chain complexes indexed by the category of finite sets and injections $\mathcal{I}$ to model $E_{\infty}$ differential graded algebras by strictly commutative objects, called commutative $\mathcal{I}$-dgas. We define a functor $A^{\mathcal{I}}$ from simplicial sets to commutative $\mathcal{I}$-dgas and show that it is a…
Given a finite, simple, vertex-weighted graph, we construct a graded associative (non-commutative) algebra, whose generators correspond to vertices and whose ideal of relations has generators that are graded commutators corresponding to edges. We show that the Hilbert series of this algebra is the inverse of the clique polynomial of the graph. Using this result it easy to recognize if the ideal is inert, from which strong results on the algebra follow. Non-commutative Grobner bases play an important role in our proof. There is an interesting application to toric topology. This algebra arises n…
We compute the homology of the complex of formal operations on the Hochschild complex of differential graded commutative algebras as defined by Wahl and prove that these can be built as infinite sums of operations obtained from Loday's shuffle operations, Connes' boundary operator and the shuffle product.
We consider the cotriple resolution of algebras over operads in differential graded modules. We focus, to be more precise, on the example of algebras over the differential graded Barratt-Eccles operad and on the example of commutative alegbras. We prove that the geometric realization of the cotriple resolution (in the sense of model categories) gives a cofibrant resolution functor on these categories of differential graded algebras.
An almost commutative algebra, or a $ρ$-commutative algebra, is an algebra which is graded by an abelian group and whose commutativity is controlled by a function called a commutation factor. The same way as a formulation of a supermanifold as a ringed space, we introduce concepts of the $ρ$-commutative versions of manifolds, Q-manifolds, Berezin volume forms, and the modular classes. They are generalizations of the ones in supergeometry. We give examples including a $ρ$-commutative version of the Schouten bracket and a noncommutative torus.
In this paper, we give a concrete description of the higher homotopy groups (n>0) of the mapping space Map_{Alg}(R,S) for R and S unbounded differential graded algebras (DGA) over a commutative ring k. In the connective case, we describe the relation between the higher (negative) Hochschild cohomology $HH^{-n+1}(R,S)$ and higher homotopy groups $π_{n} Map_{Alg}(R,S)$, when $n>1$.
