Jiun-Cheng Chen
The main propose of this paper is to show that Bridgeland's moduli space of perverse point sheaves for certain flopping contractions gives the flops, and the Fourier-Mukai transform given by the birational correspondence of the flop is an equivalence between bounded derived categories.
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We define and calculate the weighted multiplicities of non Gorenstein terminal singularities on threefolds and some quotient singularities. We improve freeness conditions on threefolds.
We provide a complete classification of Fano threefolds X having canonical Gorenstein singularities and the anticanonical degree (-KX)^3 equal 64.
We present a list of arithmetically Gorenstein Calabi-Yau threefolds in $\mathbb{P}^7$ and give evidence that this is a complete list. In particular we construct three new families of arithmetically Gorenstein Calabi-Yau threefolds in $\mathbb{P}^7$ for which no mirror construction is known.
We give some rationality constructions for Fano threefolds with canonical Gorenstein singularities.
We classify all Gorenstein Fano threefolds with at worst canonical singularities for which the anticanonical system has a nonempty base locus.
We classify three-dimensional Fano varieties with canonical Gorenstein singularities of degree bigger than 64.
We classify the non-toric, $\mathbb Q$-factorial, Gorenstein, log terminal Fano threefolds of Picard number one that admit an effective action of a two-dimensional algebraic torus.
Degrees of non-Gorenstein canonical Fano threefolds with Picard number one
研究了Picard数为一的非Gorenstein Q-极小canonical Fano三维簇的反canonical次数上界，得出最佳上界为200/3。
We classify some special classes of non-rational Fano threefolds with terminal singularities. In particular, all such hyperelliptic and trigonal varieties are found.
We classify nonrational Fano threefolds $X$ with terminal Gorenstein singularities such that $\mathrm{\rk}\, \mathrm{\Pic}(X)=1$, $(-K_X)^3\ge 8$, and $\mathrm{\rk}\, \mathrm{\Cl}(X)\le 2$.
We present a combinatorial criterion on reflexive polytopes of dimension 3 which gives a local-to-global obstruction for the smoothability of the corresponding Fano toric threefolds. As a result, we show examples of singular Gorenstein Fano toric threefolds which have compound Du Val, hence smoothable, singularities but are not smoothable.
We extend the known classification of threefolds of general type that are complete intersections to various classes of non-complete intersections, and find other classes of polarised varieties, including Calabi-Yau threefolds with canonical singularities, that are not complete intersections. Our methods apply more generally to construct orbifolds described by equations in given Gorenstein formats.
Rational curves on Fano threefolds with Gorenstein terminal singularities
本文研究具有Gorenstein终端奇点的Fano三维簇上的有理曲线，推广了几何Manin猜想至奇异情形，并证明了某些奇异del Pezzo三维簇的该猜想。
On the degree of Fano threefolds with canonical Gorenstein singularities
本文研究具有canonical Gorenstein奇点的Fano三维流形，证明了其度数的严格上界为72。
An extremal curve germ is the analytic germ of a threefold with terminal singularities along a reduced complete curve admitting a contraction whose fibers have dimension at most one. The aim of the present paper is to review the results concerning those contractions whose central fiber is irreducible and contains only one non-Gorenstein point.
We consider Fano threefolds $X$ with canonical Gorenstein singularities. Under additional assumption that $X$ has at least one non-cDV point we prove a sharp bound of the degree: $-K_X^3\le 72$.
Gorenstein Fano threefolds of Picard number one with a $\mathbb{K}^*$-action and maximal orbit quotient $\mathbb{P}_2$
本文分类了一类具有 $\mathbb{K}^*$ 作用和最大轨道商 $\mathbb{P}_2$ 的非环、$\mathbb{Q}$-因子、Gorenstein、Picard 数为一的 Fano 三维簇。
Let $X$ be a Gorenstein minimal projective $3$-fold with at worst locally factorial terminal singularities. Suppose that the canonical map is generically finite onto its image. C. Hacon showed that the canonical degree is universally bounded by $576$. We improved Hacon's universal bound to $360$. Moreover, we gave all the possible canonical degrees of $X$ if $X$ is an abelian cover over $\mathbb{P}^3$ and constructed all the examples with these canonical degrees.
The concept of non-Gorenstein involutions on Calabi-Yau threefolds is a higher dimensional generalization of non-symplectic involutions on $K3$ surfaces. We present some elementary facts about Calabi-Yau threefolds with non-Gorenstein involutions. We give a classification of the Calabi-Yau threefolds of Picard rank one with non-Gorenstein involutions whose fixed locus is not zero-dimensional.
Elliptic singularities and threefold flops in positive characteristic
本文通过研究非完备域上亏格一的 Gorenstein 曲线与二维椭圆奇点，证明正特征代数闭域上光滑三维簇的任意 flop 均保持光滑。
Smooth threefold flops with irreducible centres are classified by the length invariant, which takes values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. This classification by Katz and Morrison identifies 6 possible partial resolutions of Kleinian singularities that can occur as generic hyperplane sections, and the simultaneous resolutions associated to such a partial resolution produce the universal flop of length $l$. In this paper we translate these ideas into noncommutative algebra. We introduce the universal flopping algebra of length $l$ from which the universal flop of length $l$ can be recovered by a moduli con…
We generalize the result of Kawamata concerning the strong version of Fujita's freeness conjecture for smooth 3-folds to some singular cases, namely, Gorenstein terminal singularities and quotient singularities of type 1/r(1,1,1) and of type 1/r(1,1,-1). We generalize furthermore the result of that to projective threefolds with only canonical singularities for canonical and not terminal singularities. It turns out that the estimates in the first three cases are better than the one for the smooth case, which it is not in the fourth case. We also give explicit examples which show the estimate in…
Boundedness of weak Fano threefolds with fixed Gorenstein index in positive characteristic
该研究在特征p>5的不可数代数闭域上，通过引入Gorenstein指数、补与Kodaira型零化条件，部分证明了三维簇的BAB猜想，同时给出了射影三维簇上nef大可逆层Seshadri常数的一致下界。
Flop connections between minimal models for corank 1 foliations over threefolds
本文将Kawamata关于极小模型间翻折连接的结论推广到叶状情形，证明配备余秩1 F-dlt叶状结构的共同三维配对所导出的两个叶状极小模型也可由翻折序列连接。
On Gorenstein $\mathbb{Q}_p$-rational threefold and fourfold singularities
本文证明对于$n\leq 4$且$p>5$，拟Gorenstein $F$-纯且$\mathbb{Q}_p$-有理$n$维奇点是典范的，基于对对数典范奇点dlt修正的对偶复形的分析。
Let $X$ be a Gorenstein minimal projective 3-fold with at worst locally factorial terminal singularities. Suppose the canonical map is of fiber type. Denote by $F$ a smooth model of a generic irreducible component in fibers of the canonical map of $X$ and so $F$ is a smooth curve or a smooth surface. The main result of the paper is that there is a computable constant $K$ (independent of $X$) such that $g(F)\leq 647$ or $p_g(F)\leq 38$ whenever $p_g(X)\geq K$. The method heavily relies on both a Noether type of inequality and a Miyaoka-Yau inequality and that is the reason we only treat a Goren…
Weighted projective spaces admitting $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein smoothings to Fano threefolds with Picard number one
研究加权射影三维簇允许Q-戈伦斯坦光滑化为Picard数一的光滑Fano三维簇，推导必要数值与局部条件，计算机搜索确定数值候选，构造若干光滑化并证明一个非光滑化例子，给出消失环准则保持Picard数一。
We introduce a notion of homological flips and homological flops. The former includes the class of all flips between Gorenstein normal varieties; while the latter includes the class of all flops between Cohen-Macaulay normal varieties whose contracted variety is quasi-Gorenstein. Our main theorem shows that certain local cohomology complexes are dual to each other under homological flips/flops. We give some preliminary applications of this duality to relate the derived categories under flip/flop. Further applications are in [Yeu20b].
We consider two cases of birational transformations of Q-Gorenstein threefolds: the case of a terminal flop and the case of a Francia flip. In the first case we show that, if one replaces the threefolds by their canonical covering stacks, the the flop coincides with the moduli stack of perverse point sheaves. This adds to a result of Kawamata showing the derived equivalence. Our construction has the drawback that the moduli space is defined using a presentation of the stack. In the second case we show that, if one takes a Francia flip $X \to Y$ and replaces $X$ by its canonical covering stack,…
The explicit McKay correspondence, as formulated by Gonzalez-Sprinberg and Verdier, associates to each exceptional divisor in the minimal resolution of a rational double point a matrix factorization of the equation of the rational double point. We study deformations of these matrix factorizations, and show that they exist over an appropriate "partially resolved" deformation space for rational double points of types A and D. As a consequence, all simple flops of lengths 1 and 2 can be described in terms of blowups defined from matrix factorizations. We also formulate conjectures which would ext…
This paper contains some applications of Fourier-Mukai techniques to the birational geometry of threefolds. In particular, we prove that birational Calabi-Yau threefolds have equivalent derived categories. To do this we show how flops arise naturally as moduli spaces of perverse coherent sheaves.
We classify simple flops on smooth threefolds, or equivalently, Gorenstein threefold singularities with irreducible small resolution. There are only six families of such singularities, distinguished by Koll{á}r's {\em length} invariant. The method is to apply invariant theory to Pinkham's construction of small resolutions. As a by-product, generators of the ring of invariants are given for the standard action of the Weyl group of each of the irreducible root systems.
We study the Donaldson-Thomas type invariants for the Calabi-Yau threefold Deligne-Mumford stacks under flops. A crepant birational morphism between two smooth Calabi-Yau threefold Deligne-Mumford stacks is called an orbifold flop if the flopping locus is the quotient of weighted projective lines by a cyclic group action. We prove that the Donaldson-Thomas invariants are preserved under orbifold flops.
Let $f\colon X\to S$ be an extremal contraction from a threefold with only terminal singularities to a surface. We study local analytic structure such contractions near degenerate fiber $C$ in the case when $C$ is irreducible and $X$ has on $C$ only one non-Gorenstein point.
We classify Fano 3-folds with canonical Gorenstein singularities whose anticanonical linear system has no base points but does not give an embedding, and we classify anticanonically embedded Fano 3-folds with canonical Gorenstein singularities which are not intersections of quadrics. We also study the rationality questions for most of these varieties.
In this paper we study a local structure of extrmal contractions $f\colon X\to S$ from threffolds $X$ with only terminal singularities onto a surface $S$. If the surface $S$ is non-singular and $X$ has a unique non-Gorenstein point on a fiber we prove that either the linear system $|-K_X|$, $|-2K_X|$ or $|-3K_X|$ contains a "good" divisor.
A projectively normal Calabi-Yau threefold $X \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n$ has an ideal $I_X$ which is arithmetically Gorenstein, of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity four. Such ideals have been intensively studied when $I_X$ is a complete intersection, as well as in the case where $X$ is codimension three. In the latter case, the Buchsbaum-Eisenbud theorem shows that $I_X$ is given by the Pfaffians of a skew-symmetric matrix. A number of recent papers study the situation when $I_X$ has codimension four. We prove there are 16 possible betti tables for an arithmetically Gorenstein ideal $I$ with $\math…
The Hilbert scheme of points on a threefold: broken Gorenstein structures and linkage
研究三维光滑空间的希尔伯特方案，引入断裂格罗滕迪耶结构概念，证明其存在性保证希尔伯特方案的光滑性，并推测其完备性。分析单调理想对应的光滑点，探讨奇点性质，验证Hu的猜想。
On the canonical degree of a Gorenstein minimal threefold of general type
本文证明一般型Gorenstein极小三维流形X的典范映射次数不超过72，当p_g(X)>243时，并刻画了等号成立时X的Albanese纤维的性质。
We classify Fano threefolds with only Gorenstein terminal singularities and Picard number greater than 1 satisfying an additional assumption that the $G$-invariant part of the Weil divisor class group is of rank 1 with respect to an action of some group $G$.
We prove the motivic version of the DT/PT-correspondence in \cite{PT} and the motivic flop formula of the curve counting invariants in the derived category of smooth Calabi-Yau threefold DM stacks. The main method we use is Bridgeland's Hall algebra identities and the motivic integration map of Bridgeland and Joyce from the motivic Hall algebra of the abelian category of coherent sheaves on a Calabi-Yau threefold DM stack $Y$ to the motivic quantum torus, which is a Poisson algebra homomorphism.
A Fano-Enriques threefold is a three-dimensional non-Gorenstein Fano variety of index 1 with at most canonical singularities. We study the birational geometry of Fano-Enriques threefolds with terminal cyclic quotient singularities. We investigate their rationality, and also provide an example of a Fano-Enriques threefold, whose pliability is 9, i.e. a Fano-Enriques threefold birationally equivalent to exactly 9 Mori fibre spaces in Sarkisov category.
Non-smoothable Calabi-Yau threefolds from reflexive polytopes
本文构造了具有孤立Gorenstein典范奇点且不可光滑化的Calabi-Yau三维流形，利用Altmann形变理论与Corti-Filip-Petracci准则，并在Kreuzer-Skarke分类中识别出约8.27%的多胞形存在此阻碍。
We show that the minimal log discrepancy of any $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein non-canonical threefold is $\leq\frac{12}{13}$, which is an optimal bound.
We show that terminal 3-fold divisorial contraction to a point of index $>1$ with non-minimal discrepancy may be factored into a sequence of flips, flops and divisorial contractions to a point with minimal discrepancies.
Monodromy of Calabi-Yau threefold flops via grade restriction rule and their quantum Kahler moduli
本文基于等级限制规则和窗口类别，给出了Calabi-Yau三重域翻转相关Monodromy的精确表达式，并通过量子Kähler模空间的判别式进一步细化Monodromy形式，利用其与嵌套环链基本群的关系进行验证。
Let $f: W \rightarrow T$ be an elliptic threefold that is a Weierstrass model, which is locally defined by $y^2 = x^3 + fx + g$ over $T$, with a singular fiber such that $(f,g,4f^3 + 27g^2)$ vanishes of order $(4,6,12)$ over an isolated point over $T$. Such a fiber can be explicitly resolved to fibers with smaller vanishing order and the resulting model, $Y$, contains a rational elliptic surface, $S$, where some sections of $S$ are flopping curves on $Y$. As a consequence of this arithmetic and geometric connection, we are able to describe some constraints between flops of $Y$ and the properti…
We give a classification of Fano threefolds $X$ with canonical Gorenstein singularities such that $X$ possess a regular involution, which acts freely on some smooth surface in $|-K_X|$, and the linear system $|-K_X|$ gives a morphism which is not an embedding. From this classification one gets, in particular, a description of some natural class of Fano--Enriques threefolds.
We study Gorenstein almost Fano threefolds X with canonical singularities and pseudoindex > 1. We show that the maximal Picard number of X is 10 in general, 3 if X is Fano, and 8 if X is toric. Moreover, we characterize the boundary cases. In the Fano case, we prove that the generalized Mukai conjecture holds.
Flips and Flops Constructed by GIT Quotient
本文在Brown的$\u2102^5$超曲面GIT商三维翻转研究基础上，分类了$\u2102^6$完全交GIT商对应的三维翻转与反翻转，并证明n≥7时无此类新例子。
Flops for Complete Intersection Calabi-Yau Threefolds
本文利用 CICY 配置矩阵分类并构造 Calabi–Yau 三维流形的两类 flop，证明第二类总给出同构流形，并分析奇异簇、无限 flop 链及除子与 Picard 群映射。
We prove transformation formulae for generating functions of Gromov-Witten invariants on general toric Calabi-Yau threefolds under flops. Our proof is based on a combinatorial identity on the topological vertex and analysis of fans of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Difference Equations and Reconstruction of Local Gopakumar-Vafa Spectra for Threefold Flops
研究 Calabi-Yau 三维流形翻折的局部 Gromov-Witten 差分方程，提出用中心差分算子组织本原次数，证明经典强迫项决定 GV 谱，并揭示重构失败的三种情形。
We prove a comparison formula for the Donaldson-Thomas curve-counting invariants of two smooth and projective Calabi-Yau threefolds related by a flop. By results of Bridgeland any two such varieties are derived equivalent. Furthermore there exist pairs of categories of perverse coherent sheaves on both sides which are swapped by this equivalence. Using the theory developed by Joyce we construct the motivic Hall algebras of these categories. These algebras provide a bridge relating the invariants on both sides of the flop.
We investigate Gromov-Witten invariants associated to exceptional classes for primitive birational contractions on a Calabi-Yau threefold X. It was observed in a previous paper that these invariants are locally defined, in that they can be calculated from knowledge of an open neighbourhood of the exceptional locus of the contraction; in this paper, we make this explicit. For Type I contractions (i.e. only finitely many exceptional curves), a method is given for calculating the Gromov-Witten invariants, and these in turn yield explicit expressions for the changes in the cubic form $D^3$ and the…
Simple fibrations in (1,2)-surfaces
本研究引入(1,2)-曲面中简单纤维化的概念，分类了射影直线上至多带典范奇点的Gorenstein简单纤维化，确定其对应Noether线上的典范三维簇，还发现几何亏格模8余6时存在模空间的新分支。
We study Gorenstein liaison of codimension two subschemes of an arithmetically Gorenstein scheme X. Our main result is a criterion for two such subschemes to be in the same Gorenstein liaison class, in terms of the category of ACM sheaves on X. As a consequence we obtain a criterion for X to have the property that every codimension 2 arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subscheme is in the Gorenstein liaison class of a complete intersection. Using these tools we prove that every arithmetically Gorenstein subscheme of $\mathbb{P}^n$ is in the Gorenstein liaison class of a complete intesection and we a…
If Y,Z are three-dimensional smooth varieties related by a flop, then Bondal and Orlov conjectured that the derived categories of coherent sheaves on Y and Z are equivalent. This conjecture was recently proved by Bridgeland. Our aim in this paper is to give a partially new proof of Bridgeland's result using non-commutative rings. The new proof also covers some mild singular and higher dimensional situations (including the one in the recent paper by Chen: ``Flops and Equivalences of derived Categories for Threefolds with only Gorenstein Singularities'').
The conifold is a basic example of a noncompact Calabi-Yau threefold that admits a simple flop, and in M-theory, gives rise to a 5d hypermultiplet at low energies, realized by an M2-brane wrapped on the vanishing sphere. We develop a novel gauge-theoretic method to construct new classes of examples that generalize the simple flop to so-called length l=1,...,6. The method allows us to naturally read off the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. Although they share similar properties to the beloved conifold, these threefolds are expected to admit M2-bound states of higher degree. We demonstrate this throug…
K-Moduli of Fano Threefolds of Family 3.3
本文显式刻画了Fano三维簇族3.3的K-模空间，通过降低体积界限并利用格极化K3曲面方法，将其等同于GIT商的Kirwan爆破。
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