The explicit McKay correspondence, as formulated by Gonzalez-Sprinberg and Verdier, associates to each exceptional divisor in the minimal resolution of a rational double point a matrix factorization of the equation of the rational double point. We study deformations of these matrix factorizations, and show that they exist over an appropriate "partially resolved" deformation space for rational double points of types A and D. As a consequence, all simple flops of lengths 1 and 2 can be described in terms of blowups defined from matrix factorizations. We also formulate conjectures which would extend these results to rational double points of type E and simple flops of length greater than 2.
The main propose of this paper is to show that Bridgeland's moduli space of perverse point sheaves for certain flopping contractions gives the flops, and the Fourier-Mukai transform given by the birational correspondence of the flop is an equivalence between bounded derived categories.
Smooth threefold flops with irreducible centres are classified by the length invariant, which takes values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. This classification by Katz and Morrison identifies 6 possible partial resolutions of Kleinian singularities that can occur as generic hyperplane sections, and the simultaneous resolutions associated to such a partial resolution produce the universal flop of length $l$. In this paper we translate these ideas into noncommutative algebra. We introduce the universal flopping algebra of length $l$ from which the universal flop of length $l$ can be recovered by a moduli con…
We consider two cases of birational transformations of Q-Gorenstein threefolds: the case of a terminal flop and the case of a Francia flip. In the first case we show that, if one replaces the threefolds by their canonical covering stacks, the the flop coincides with the moduli stack of perverse point sheaves. This adds to a result of Kawamata showing the derived equivalence. Our construction has the drawback that the moduli space is defined using a presentation of the stack. In the second case we show that, if one takes a Francia flip $X \to Y$ and replaces $X$ by its canonical covering stack,…
This paper contains some applications of Fourier-Mukai techniques to the birational geometry of threefolds. In particular, we prove that birational Calabi-Yau threefolds have equivalent derived categories. To do this we show how flops arise naturally as moduli spaces of perverse coherent sheaves.
We study the Donaldson-Thomas type invariants for the Calabi-Yau threefold Deligne-Mumford stacks under flops. A crepant birational morphism between two smooth Calabi-Yau threefold Deligne-Mumford stacks is called an orbifold flop if the flopping locus is the quotient of weighted projective lines by a cyclic group action. We prove that the Donaldson-Thomas invariants are preserved under orbifold flops.
We prove the motivic version of the DT/PT-correspondence in \cite{PT} and the motivic flop formula of the curve counting invariants in the derived category of smooth Calabi-Yau threefold DM stacks. The main method we use is Bridgeland's Hall algebra identities and the motivic integration map of Bridgeland and Joyce from the motivic Hall algebra of the abelian category of coherent sheaves on a Calabi-Yau threefold DM stack $Y$ to the motivic quantum torus, which is a Poisson algebra homomorphism.
Monodromy of Calabi-Yau threefold flops via grade restriction rule and their quantum Kahler moduli
Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Fudan University（复旦大学数学交叉科学中心）；Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences（上海数学与交叉科学研究院）
Let $f: W \rightarrow T$ be an elliptic threefold that is a Weierstrass model, which is locally defined by $y^2 = x^3 + fx + g$ over $T$, with a singular fiber such that $(f,g,4f^3 + 27g^2)$ vanishes of order $(4,6,12)$ over an isolated point over $T$. Such a fiber can be explicitly resolved to fibers with smaller vanishing order and the resulting model, $Y$, contains a rational elliptic surface, $S$, where some sections of $S$ are flopping curves on $Y$. As a consequence of this arithmetic and geometric connection, we are able to describe some constraints between flops of $Y$ and the properti…
We show that terminal 3-fold divisorial contraction to a point of index $>1$ with non-minimal discrepancy may be factored into a sequence of flips, flops and divisorial contractions to a point with minimal discrepancies.
Results due to Druel and Beauville show that the blowup of the intermediate Jacobian of a smooth cubic threefold X in the Fano surface of lines can be identified with a moduli space of semistable sheaves of Chern classes c_1=0, c_2=2, c_3=0 on X. Here we further identify this space with a space of matrix factorizations. This has the advantage that this description naturally generalizes to singular and even reducible cubic threefolds. In this way, given a degeneration of X to a reducible cubic threefold X_0, we obtain an associated degeneration of the above moduli spaces of semistable sheaves.
We prove transformation formulae for generating functions of Gromov-Witten invariants on general toric Calabi-Yau threefolds under flops. Our proof is based on a combinatorial identity on the topological vertex and analysis of fans of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds.
In this paper, we provide examples of Sarkisov links of type II between complex projective Fano threefolds $X$ with $ρ(X) = 1$. To show examples of these links, we study smooth weak Fano threefolds with extremal rays of type $E$. We further assume that the pluri-anticanonical morphism contracts only a finite number of curves. We numerically classify smooth weak Fano threefolds with $ρ(X) = 2$ having an extremal ray of type $E$ both before and after a flop as well as prove the existence of some of these numerical cases.
We investigate Gromov-Witten invariants associated to exceptional classes for primitive birational contractions on a Calabi-Yau threefold X. It was observed in a previous paper that these invariants are locally defined, in that they can be calculated from knowledge of an open neighbourhood of the exceptional locus of the contraction; in this paper, we make this explicit. For Type I contractions (i.e. only finitely many exceptional curves), a method is given for calculating the Gromov-Witten invariants, and these in turn yield explicit expressions for the changes in the cubic form $D^3$ and the…
The conifold is a basic example of a noncompact Calabi-Yau threefold that admits a simple flop, and in M-theory, gives rise to a 5d hypermultiplet at low energies, realized by an M2-brane wrapped on the vanishing sphere. We develop a novel gauge-theoretic method to construct new classes of examples that generalize the simple flop to so-called length l=1,...,6. The method allows us to naturally read off the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. Although they share similar properties to the beloved conifold, these threefolds are expected to admit M2-bound states of higher degree. We demonstrate this throug…
We discuss the symplectic topology of the Stein manifolds obtained by plumbing two 3-dimensional spheres along a circle. These spaces are related, at a derived level and working in a characteristic determined by the specific geometry, to local threefolds which contain two floppable $(-1,-1)$-curves meeting at a point. Using contraction algebras we classify spherical objects on the B-side, and derive topological consequences including a complete description of the homology classes realised by graded exact Lagrangians.
We classify simple flops on smooth threefolds, or equivalently, Gorenstein threefold singularities with irreducible small resolution. There are only six families of such singularities, distinguished by Koll{á}r's {\em length} invariant. The method is to apply invariant theory to Pinkham's construction of small resolutions. As a by-product, generators of the ring of invariants are given for the standard action of the Weyl group of each of the irreducible root systems.
In this note, we explain how certain matrix factorizations on cubic threefolds lead to families of curves of genus 15 and degree 16 in P^4. We prove that the moduli space M={(C,L) | C a curve of genus 15, L a line bundle on C of degree 16 with 5 sections} is birational to a certain space of matrix factorizations of cubics, and that M is uniruled. Our attempt to prove the unirationality of this space failed with our methods. Instead one can interpret our findings as evidence for the conjecture that the basis of the maximal rational connected fibration of M has a three dimensional base.
This is the second of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds using the minimal model program. The main result is the following. Let $X$ be a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold. Assume that the set of real points is an orientable 3-manifold (this assumption can be weakened considerably). Then there is a fairly simple description on how the topology of real points changes under the minimal model program. The first application is to study the topology of real projective varieties which are birational to projective 3-space (Nash conjecture). The second application is a factoriz…
We describe a remarkable rank fourtenn matrix factorization of the octic Spin(14)-invariant polynomial on either of its half-spin representations. We observe that this representation can be, in a suitable sense, identified with a tensor product of two octonion algebras. Moreover the matrix factorisation can be deduced from a particular Z-grading of the exceptional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_8$. Intriguingly, the whole story can be extended to the whole Freudenthal-Tits magic square and yields matrix factorizations on other spin representations, as well as for the degree seven invariant on the s…
We introduce and study a two-parameter family of symmetry reductions of the two-dimensional Toda lattice hierarchy, which are characterized by a rational factorization of the Lax operator into a product of an upper diagonal and the inverse of a lower diagonal formal difference operator. They subsume and generalize several classical 1 + 1 integrable hierarchies, such as the bigraded Toda hierarchy, the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy and E. Frenkel's q-deformed Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy. We establish their characterization in terms of block Toeplitz matrices for the associated factorization problem, an…
