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arXiv cs/0307018cs.GTcs.CCcs.MA
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通用投票协议调整,使操纵变得困难

Universal Voting Protocol Tweaks to Make Manipulation Hard

Vincent Conitzer, Tuomas Sandholm

摘要:

投票是多智能体环境中偏好聚合的一般方法,但开创性的结果表明,所有(非独裁)投票协议是可操纵的。人们可以尝试通过使用投票协议来避免操纵,其中确定有益的操纵在计算上是困难的。最近的一些论文研究了操纵现有协议的复杂性。本文是下一步设计新协议的第一项工作,这些协议特别难以操作。我们不是从头开始设计这些新协议,而是展示如何调整现有协议以使操作变得困难,同时保留协议的大部分原始性质。所研究的调整包括在选举前增加一轮淘汰。令人惊讶的是,这种极其简单和通用的调整使得典型的协议难以操作!协议变得NP难、#P难或PSPACE难操纵,这取决于预轮的调度是在投票被收集之前、在投票被收集之后确定的,还是调度和投票收集分别交错。我们证明了一般的充分条件的协议,这种调整引入硬度,并表明,最常见的投票协议满足这些条件。这些是投票设置中的第一个结果,其中操纵的复杂性级别高于NP(假设PSPACE $\neq$ NP)。

英文摘要:

Voting is a general method for preference aggregation in multiagent settings, but seminal results have shown that all (nondictatorial) voting protocols are manipulable. One could try to avoid manipulation by using voting protocols where determining a beneficial manipulation is hard computationally. A number of recent papers study the complexity of manipulating existing protocols. This paper is the first work to take the next step of designing new protocols that are especially hard to manipulate. Rather than designing these new protocols from scratch, we instead show how to tweak existing protocols to make manipulation hard, while leaving much of the original nature of the protocol intact. The tweak studied consists of adding one elimination preround to the election. Surprisingly, this extremely simple and universal tweak makes typical protocols hard to manipulate! The protocols become NP-hard, #P-hard, or PSPACE-hard to manipulate, depending on whether the schedule of the preround is determined before the votes are collected, after the votes are collected, or the scheduling and the vote collecting are interleaved, respectively. We prove general sufficient conditions on the protocols for this tweak to introduce the hardness, and show that the most common voting protocols satisfy those conditions. These are the first results in voting settings where manipulation is in a higher complexity class than NP (presuming PSPACE $\neq$ NP).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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