Families of Bridgeland stability conditions induce families of stability data, wall-crossing structures and scattering diagrams on the motivic Hall algebra. These structures can be transferred to the quantum torus if the stability conditions of the family have global dimension at most 2. We show that geometric stability conditions on surfaces with nef anticanonical bundle have global dimension 2 and we study the resulting family of stability data. We formulate a conjecture relating this family to the family of stability data associated with a quiver with potential and we verify this conjecture for the projective plane.
Wall-crossing phenomena are ubiquitous in many problems of algebraic geometry and theoretical physics. Various ways to encode the relevant information and the need to track the changes under the variation of parameters lead to rather complicated transformation rules and non-trivial combinatorial problems. In this paper we propose a framework, reminiscent of collections and plethysms in the theory of operads, that conceptualizes those transformation rules. As an application we obtain new streamlined proofs of some existing wall-crossing formulas as well as some new formulas related to attractor…
BPS states in N=4 supersymmetric SU(N) gauge theories in four dimensions can be represented as planar string networks with ends lying on D3-branes. We introduce several protected indices which capture information on the spectrum and various quantum numbers of these states, give their wall crossing formula and describe how using the wall crossing formula we can compute all the indices at all points in the moduli space.
We study the wall-crossing phenomena of D4-D2-D0 bound states with two units of D4-brane charge on the resolved conifold. We identify the walls of marginal stability and evaluate the discrete changes of the BPS indices by using the Kontsevich-Soibelman wall-crossing formula. In particular, we find that the field theories on D4-branes in two large radius limits are properly connected by the wall-crossings involving the flop transition of the conifold. We also find that in one of the large radius limits there are stable bound states of two D4-D2-D0 fragments.
For a balanced wall crossing in geometric invariant theory, there exist derived equivalences between the corresponding GIT quotients if certain numerical conditions are satisfied. Given such a wall crossing, I construct a perverse sheaf of categories on a disk, singular at a point, with half-monodromies recovering these equivalences, and with behaviour at the singular point controlled by a GIT quotient stack associated to the wall. Taking complexified Grothendieck groups gives a perverse sheaf of vector spaces: I characterise when this is an intersection cohomology complex of a local system on…
We prove wall-crossing formulas for the motivic invariants of the moduli spaces of framed objects in the ind-constructible abelian categories. Developed techniques are applied in the case of the motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants of quivers with potentials. Another application is a new proof of the formula for the motivic invariants of smooth models of quiver moduli spaces.
We study the relation between the instanton counting on ALE spaces and the BPS state counting on a toric Calabi-Yau three-fold. We put a single D4-brane on a divisor isomorphic to A_{N-1}-ALE space in the Calabi-Yau three-fold, and evaluate the discrete changes of BPS partition function of D4-D2-D0 states in the wall-crossing phenomena. In particular, we find that the character of affine SU(N) algebra naturally arises in wall-crossings of D4-D2-D0 states. Our analysis is completely based on the wall-crossing formula for the d=4, N=2 supersymmetric theory obtained by dimensionally reducing the …
We prove the equivalence of (a slightly modified version of) the wall-crossing formula of Manschot, Pioline and Sen and the wall-crossing formula of Kontsevich and Soibelman. The former involves abelian analogues of the motivic Donaldson-Thomas type invariants of quivers with stability introduced by Kontsevich and Soibelman, for which we derive positivity and geometricity properties.
We study K-theoretic GLSM invariants with one-dimensional gauge group and introduce elliptic central charges that depend on an elliptic cohomology class called an elliptic brane and a choice of level structure. These central charges have an integral representation related to an interpolation problem for the elliptic brane and satisfy natural q-difference equations. Integral representaions lead to the wall crossing statement for the central charges in two different phases of the GLSM. We explain how the orbifold structure leads to differences between wall crossing of the usual (K-theoretic) and…
The wall crossing formula of Kontsevich and Soibelman gives an implicit relation between the BPS indices on two sides of the wall of marginal stability by equating two symplectomorphisms constructed from the indices on two sides of the wall. The wall crossing formulae of Manschot, Pioline and the author give two apparently different explicit expressions for the BPS index on one side of the wall in terms of the BPS indices on the other side. We prove the equivalence of all the three formulae.
We discuss the wall-crossing of the BPS bound states of a non-compact holomorphic D4-brane with D2 and D0-branes on the conifold. We use the Kontsevich-Soibelman wall-crossing formula and analyze the BPS degeneracy in various chambers. In particular we obtain a relation between BPS degeneracies in two limiting attractor chambers related by a flop transition. Our result is consistent with known results and predicts BPS degeneracies in all chambers.
In this paper we propose definitions and examples of categorical enhancements of the data involved in the $2d$-$4d$ wall-crossing formulas which generalize both Cecotti-Vafa and Kontsevich-Soibelman motivic wall-crossing formulas.
We study wall-crossing phenomena in the McKay correspondence. Craw-Ishii show that every projective crepant resolution of a Gorenstein abelian quotient singularity arises as a moduli space of $θ$-stable representations of the McKay quiver. The stability condition $θ$ moves in a vector space with a chamber decomposition in which (some) wall-crossings capture flops between different crepant resolutions. We investigate where chambers for certain resolutions with Hilbert scheme-like moduli interpretations - iterated Hilbert schemes, or 'Hilb of Hilb' - sit relative to the principal chamber definin…
We study the wall-crossing phenomena of BPS D4-D2-D0 states on the conifold and orbifold C^2/Z_2, from the viewpoint of the quiver quantum mechanics on the D-branes. The Kahler moduli dependence of the BPS index is translated into the FI parameter dependence of the Witten index. The wall-crossing phenomena are related to the Seiberg dualities of the quiver quantum mechanics. All the differences from the D6-D2-D0 case arise from the additional superpotential and "anti-quark" induced by the D4-brane. When the D-branes are on the conifold, the flop transition changes the duality cascade. When the…
We give a remark on the wall crossing behavior of perverse coherent sheaves on a blow-up and stability condition constructed by Toda. We also explain the wall crossing of twisted stability in terms of stability condition.
We study refined and motivic wall-crossing formulas in N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories with SU(2) gauge group and N_f < 4 matter hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. Such gauge theories provide an excellent testing ground for the conjecture that "refined = motivic."
We show how some of the refined tropical counts of Block and Göttsche emerge from the wall-crossing formalism. This leads naturally to a definition of a class of putative q-deformed Gromov-Witten invariants. We prove that this coincides with another natural q-deformation, provided by a result of Reineke and Weist in the context of quiver representations, when the latter is well defined.
This paper summarizes recent developments in the theory of Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) state counting and the wall crossing phenomena, emphasizing in particular the role of the statistical mechanical model of crystal melting. This paper is divided into two parts, which are closely related to each other. In the first part, we discuss the statistical mechanical model of crystal melting counting BPS states. Each of the BPS state contributing to the BPS index is in one-to-one correspondence with a configuration of a molten crystal, and the statistical partition function of the melting cry…
We prove formula between Nekrasov partition functions defined from stable and co-stable ADHM data for the plane following method by Nakajima-Yoshioka based on the theory of wall-crossing formula developed by Mochizuki. This formula is similar to conjectures by Itoh-Maruyoshi-Okuda for $A_{1}$ singularity.
By embedding N=2 gauge theories in string theory and utilizing string dualities we map the counting of BPS states with arbitrary electric and magnetic charges to computations of an A-model topological string on an associated geometry constructed from the data of the SW curve. We show how the conjecture of Kontsevich and Soibelman regarding wall crossing, as well as a more refined version which captures the spin content of BPS states, is a natural consequence. Chern-Simons theory realized on A-branes and a twistorial construction play key roles.
We study motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants in the sense of Behrend-Bryan-Szendroi. A wall-crossing formula under a mutation is proved for a certain class of quivers with potentials.
We develop the technique of weight truncation in the context of wall-crossings in birational cobordisms, parallel to that in [HL15, BFK19]. More precisely, for each such wall-crossing, we embed the bounded above derived category of coherent sheaves of the semistable part as a semi-orthogonal summand of that of the stack in question. Our construction does not require any smoothness assumptions, and exhibits a strong symmetry across the two sides of the wall-crossing. As an application, we show that for wall-crossings satisfying suitable regularity conditions, a certain duality of local cohomolo…
Notes from the report at the Fields institute in Toronto. We introduce the Donaldson-Thomas invariants and describe the wall-crossing formulas for numerical Donaldson-Thomas invariants.
We study the Hilbert scheme of twisted cubics in the three-dimensional projective space by using Bridgeland stability conditions. We use wall-crossing techniques to describe its geometric structure and singularities, which reproves the classical result of Piene and Schlessinger.
We compare the $K$-theory stable bases of the Springer resolution associated to different affine Weyl alcoves. We prove that (up to relabelling) the change of alcoves operators are given by the Demazure-Lusztig operators in the affine Hecke algebra. We then show that these bases are categorified by the Verma modules of the Lie algebra, under the localization of Lie algebras in positive characteristic of Bezrukavnikov, Mirković, and Rumynin. As an application, we prove that the wall-crossing matrices of the $K$-theory stable bases coincide with the monodromy matrices of the quantum cohomology o…
We prove, under suitable conditions, that there exist wall-crossing and reduction morphisms for moduli spaces of stable log pairs in all dimensions as one varies the coefficients of the divisor.
We study the BPS spectrum of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group $SU(2)$ and a massive adjoint hypermultiplet, which has an extremely intricate structure with infinite spectrum in all chambers of its Coulomb moduli space, and is not well understood. We build on previous results by employing the BPS quiver description of the spectrum, and explore the qualitative features in detail using numerical techniques. We find novel and unexpected behaviour in the form of wall-crossings involving interactions between BPS particles with negative electric-magne…
We introduce moduli spaces of stable perverse coherent systems on small crepant resolutions of Calabi-Yau 3-folds and consider their Donaldson-Thomas type counting invariants. The stability depends on the choice of a component (= a chamber) in the complement of finitely many lines (= walls) in the plane. We determine all walls and compute generating functions of invariants for all choices of chambers when the Calabi-Yau is the resolved conifold. For suitable choices of chambers, our invariants are specialized to Donaldson-Thomas, Pandharipande-Thomas and Szendroi invariants.
We define rational numbers counting holomorphic disks bounding a complex lagrangian submanifold on a hyperkhaler manifold of real dimension four. We provide a simple a direct proof of Kontsevich-Soibelman Wall Crossing Formula for these rational invariants.
We investigate the wall-crossing behavior as Bridgeland moduli spaces for some Simpson moduli spaces of Gieseker-semistable torsion sheaves on $\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1$ with linear Hilbert polynomial. In particular, we recover some of the birational transformations of these spaces described by Maican and Chung-Moon as wall-crossing maps in certain slices of $Stab(\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1)$.
For a Fermat quasi-homogeneous polynomial $W$, we study a family of K-theoretic quantum invariants parametrized by a positive rational number $ε$. We prove a wall-crossing formula by showing the generating functions lie on the Lagrangian cone of the permutation-equivariant K-theoretic FJRW theory of $W$.
The notion of limit stability on Calabi-Yau 3-folds is introduced by the author to construct an approximation of Bridgeland-Douglas stability conditions at the large volume limit. It has also turned out that the wall-crossing phenomena of limit stable objects seem relevant to the rationality conjecture of the generating functions of Pandharipande-Thomas invariants. In this article, we shall make it clear how wall-crossing formula of the counting invariants of limit stable objects solves the above conjecture.
We prove that the "Thaddeus flips" of $L$-twisted sheaves constructed by Matsuki and Wentworth can be obtained via Bridgeland wall-crossing. Similarly, we realize the change of polarization for moduli spaces of 1-dimensional Gieseker semistable sheaves on a surface by varying a family of stability conditions.
In this paper, we study holomorphic discs in K3 surfaces and defined the open Gromov-Witten invariants. Using this new invariant, we can establish a version of correspondence between tropical discs and holomorphic discs with non-trivial invariants. We give an example of wall-crossing phenomenon of the invariant and expect it satisfies Kontsevich-Soibelman wall-crossing formula.
Bridgeland stability condition is preserved under the Fourier-Mukai transform by its definition. We explain the relation with Gieseker stability. By studying the wall-crossing behavior, we reprove that the moduli spaces of stable sheaves on abelian surfaces are birationally equivalent, if the associated Mukai vectors are related by isometries of the Mukai lattice.
We study the BPS invariants for local del Pezzo surfaces, which can be obtained as the signed Euler characteristic of the moduli spaces of stable one-dimensional sheaves on the surface $S$. We calculate the Poincare polynomials of the moduli spaces for the curve classes $β$ having arithmetic genus at most 2. We formulate a conjecture that these Poincare polynomials are divisible by the Poincare polynomials of $((-K_S).β-1)$-dimensional projective space. This conjecture motivates upcoming work on log BPS numbers.
We give a new proof of the following theorem: moduli spaces of stable complexes on a complex projective K3 surface, with primitive Mukai vector and with respect to a generic Bridgeland stability condition, are hyperkähler varieties of $\mathrm{K3}^{[n]}$-type of expected dimension. We use derived equivalences, deformations and wall-crossing for Bridgeland stability to reduce to the case of the Hilbert scheme of points.
We extend the ideas of Friedman and Qin (Flips of moduli spaces and transition formulae for Donaldson polynomial invariants of rational surfaces) to find the wall-crossing formulae for the Donaldson invariants of algebraic surfaces with geometrical genus zero, positive irregularity and anticanonical divisor effective, for any wall $ζ$ with $l_ζ=(ζ\sp{2}-p_1)/4$ being zero or one.
We compute I-functions and central charges for abelian GLSMs using virtual matrix factorizations of Favero and Kim. In the Calabi-Yau case we provide analytic continuation for the central charges by explicit integral formulas. The integrals in question are called hemisphere partition functions and we call the integral representation Higgs-Coulomb correspondence. We then use it to prove GIT stability wall-crossing for central charges.
We introduce a higher rank analog of the Joyce-Song theory of stable pairs. Given a nonsingular projective Calabi-Yau threefold $X$, we define the higher rank Joyce-Song pairs given by ${O}^{r}_{X}(-n)\rightarrow F$ where $F$ is a pure coherent sheaf with one dimensional support, $r>1$ and $n\gg 0$ is a fixed integer. We equip the higher rank pairs with a Joyce-Song stability condition and compute their associated invariants using the wallcrossing techniques in the category of weakly semistable objects.
In this paper, we use an M-theory model to conjecture the refined reminiscence of the OSV formula connecting the refined topological string partition function with the refined BPS states partition function for the toric Calabi-Yau threefolds without any compact four cycles. Further, we show how to use the vertex operators in 2d free fermions to reproduce the refined BPS states partition function for the $\mathbb{C}^3$ case and the wall-crossing formulas of the refined BPS states partition function for the resolved conifold and $\mathcal{O}(-2)\oplus\mathcal{O}\rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$ cases.
In recent work, the authors derived a tropical interpretation of monotone and strictly monotone double Hurwitz numbers. In this paper, we apply the technique of tropical flows to this interpretation in order to provide a new proof of the piecewise polynomiality of these enumerative invariants. Moreover, we derive new types of wall-crossing formulae.
In this survey paper, we briefly review various aspects of the SYZ approach to mirror symmetry for non-Calabi-Yau varieties, focusing in particular on Lagrangian fibrations and wall-crossing phenomena in Floer homology. Various examples are presented, some of them new.
For each positive rational number $ε$, we define $K$-theoretic $ε$-stable quasimaps to certain GIT quotients $W\sslash G$. For $ε>1$, this recovers the $K$-theoretic Gromov-Witten theory of $W\sslash G$ introduced in more general context by Givental and Y.-P. Lee. For arbitrary $ε_1$ and $ε_2$ in different stability chambers, these $K$-theoretic quasimap invariants are expected to be related by wall-crossing formulas. We prove wall-crossing formulas for genus zero $K$-theoretic quasimap theory when the target $W\sslash G$ admits a torus action with isolated fixed points and isolated one-dimens…
The moduli space of holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces to the Grassmannian is known to have two kinds of compactifications: Kontsevich's stable map compactification and Marian-Oprea-Pandharipande's stable quotient compactification. Over a non-singular curve, the latter moduli space is Grothendieck's Quot scheme. In this paper, we give the notion of `$ε$-stable quotients' for a positive real number $ε$, and show that stable maps and stable quotients are related by the wall-crossing phenomena. We will also discuss Gromov-Witten type invariants associated to $ε$-stable quotients, and investig…
