Some misprints have been corrected and the references are actualised. This is a final peer-reviewed manuscript accepted for publication in Annales de l'Instiut Fourier (Grenoble)
Let $D \subset {\mathbb R}^d,\: d \geqslant 2,$ be the union of a finite collection of pairwise disjoint strictly convex compact obstacles. Let $μ_j \in {\mathbb C},\: {\rm Im}\: μ_j > 0,$ be the resonances of the Laplacian in the exterior of $D$ with Neumann or Dirichlet boundary condition on $\partial D$. For $d$ odd, $u(t) = \sum_j e^{i |t| μ_j}$ is a distribution in $ \mathcal{D}'({\mathbb R} \setminus \{0\})$ and the Laplace transforms of the leading singularities of $u(t)$ yield the dynamical zeta functions $η_{\mathrm N},\: η_{\mathrm D}$ for Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, respectively. These zeta functions play a crucial role in the analysis of the distribution of the resonances. Under the non-eclipse condition (1.1), for $d \geqslant 2$ we show that $η_{\mathrm N}$ and $η_\mathrm D$ admit a meromorphic continuation to the whole complex plane. In the particular case when the boundary $\partial D$ is real analytic, by using a result of Fried (1995), we prove that the function $η_\mathrm{D}$ cannot be entire. Following the result of Ikawa (1988), this implies the existence of a strip $\{z \in {\mathbb C}: \: 0 < {\rm Im}\: z \leqα\}$ containing an infinite number of resonances $μ_j$ for the Dirichlet problem. Moreover, for $α\gg 1$ we obtain a lower bound for the resonances lying in this strip.
We consider a geodesic billiard system consisting of a complete Riemannian manifold and an obstacle submanifold with boundary at which the trajectories of the geodesic flow experience specular reflections. We show that if the geodesic billiard system is hyperbolic on its trapped set and the latter is compact and non-grazing the techniques for open hyperbolic systems developed by Dyatlov and Guillarmou can be applied to a smooth model for the discontinuous flow defined by the non-grazing billiard trajectories. This allows us to obtain a meromorphic resolvent for the generator of the billiard fl…
In this article, we introduce an entropy based on the formal power series expansion of the Ihara Zeta function. We find a number of inequalities based on the values of the Ihara zeta function. These new entropies are applicable in symbolic dynamics and the dynamics of billiards.
In this article, we define an information-theoretic entropy based on the Ihara zeta function of a graph which is called the Ihara entropy. A dynamical system consists of a billiard ball and a set of reflectors correspond to a combinatorial graph. The reflectors are represented by the vertices of the graph. Movement of the billiard ball between two reflectors is represented by the edges. The prime cycles of this graph generate the bi-infinite sequences of the corresponding symbolic dynamical system. The number of different prime cycles of a given length can be expressed in terms of the adjacenc…
We provide an explicit construction of a cross section for the geodesic flow on infinite-area Hecke triangle surfaces which allows us to conduct a transfer operator approach to the Selberg zeta function. Further we construct closely related cross sections for the billiard flow on the associated triangle surfaces and endow the arising discrete dynamical systems and transfer operator families with two weight functions which presumably encode Dirichlet respectively Neumann boundary conditions. The Fredholm determinants of these transfer operator families constitute dynamical zeta functions, which…
We consider open circular billiards with one and with two holes. The exact formulas for escape are obtained which involve the Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet L-functions. It is shown that the problem of finding the exact asymptotics in the small hole limit for escape in some of these billiards is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis.
The connected configuration space of a so called cylindric billiard system is a flat torus minus finitely many spherical cylinders. The dynamical system describes the uniform motion of a point particle in this configuration space with specular reflections at the boundaries of the removed cylinders. It is proven here that under a certain geometric condition --- slightly stronger than the necessary condition presented in [S-Sz(1998)] --- a cylindric billiard flow is completely hyperbolic. As a consequence, every hard ball system is completely hyperbolic --- a result strengthening the theorem of …
Using Hecke triangle surfaces of finite and infinite area as examples, we present techniques for thermodynamic formalism approaches to Selberg zeta functions with unitary finite-dimensional representations $(V,χ)$ for hyperbolic surfaces (orbifolds) $Γ\backslash\mathbb{H}$ as well as transfer operator techniques to develop period-like functions for $(Γ,χ)$-automorphic cusp forms. This leads to several natural conjectures. We further show how to extend these results to the billiard flow on the underlying triangle surfaces, and study the convergence of transfer operators along sequences of Hecke…
We study a class of dynamical systems which generalizes and unifies some models arising in the analysis of switched flow systems in manufacturing. General properties of these dynamical systems, called pseudo billiards, as well as some their perturbations are discussed.
In this article we introduce a simple dynamical system called symplectic billiards. As opposed to usual/Birkhoff billiards, where length is the generating function, for symplectic billiards symplectic area is the generating function. We explore basic properties and exhibit several similarities, but also differences of symplectic billiards to Birkhoff billiards.
The Kac-Baker model describes a 1-dim. classical lattice spin system with exponentially fast decaying two body interaction. The model was introduced by M. Kac and G. Baker to investigate the phenomenon of phase transition in systems with weak long-range interactions like van der Waals gas. Ruelle's dynamical zeta function for this model can be expressed in terms of Fredholm determinants of two transfer operators and hence is a meromorphic function. One of the two operators, found by M. Kac, is an integral operator with symmetric kernel acting in the Hilbert space of square integrable functions…
We offer some theorems, mainly of finiteness, for certain patterns in elliptical billiards, related to periodic trajectories. For instance, if two players hit a ball at a given position and with directions forming a fixed angle in $(0,π)$, there are only finitely many cases for both trajectories being periodic. Another instance is the finiteness of the billiard shots which send a given ball into another one so that this falls eventually in a hole. These results have their origin in `relative' cases of the Manin-Mumford conjecture, and constitute instances of how arithmetical content may affect…
A billiard is a dynamical system in which a particle alternates between motion in a straight line and specular reflection from a boundary. For billiards in non-convex areas bounded by segments of confocal quadrics are studied. The topology of 3-dimmensional bifurcations of Liouville foliations is described.
We apply a one-dimensional discrete dynamical system originally considered by Arnol'd reminiscent of mathematical billiards to the study of two-move riders, a type of fairy chess piece. In this model, particles travel through a bounded convex region along line segments of one of two fixed slopes. We apply this dynamical system to characterize the vertices of the inside-out polytope arising from counting placements of nonattacking chess pieces and also to give a bound for the period of the counting quasipolynomial. The analysis focuses on points of the region that are on trajectories that conta…
We study the stability of periodic trajectories of planar inverse magnetic billiards, a dynamical system whose trajectories are straight lines inside a connected planar domain $Ω$ and circular arcs outside $Ω$. Explicit examples are calculated in circles, ellipses, and the one parameter family of curves $x^{2k}+y^{2k}=1$. Comparisons are made to the linear stability of periodic billiard and magnetic billiard trajectories.
In the paper, we establish Squash Rigidity Theorem - the dynamical spectral rigidity for piecewise analytic Bunimovich squash-type stadia. We also establish Stadium Rigidity Theorem - the dynamical spectral rigidity for piecewise analytic Bunimovich stadia whose flat boundaries are a priori fixed. In addition, for smooth Bunimovich squash-type stadia we compute the Lyapunov exponents along the maximal period two orbit, as well as the value of the Peierls' Barrier function from the maximal marked length spectrum associated to the rotation number $\frac{2n}{4n+1}$.
We study the rate of mixing of observables of Z^d-extensions of probability preserving dynamical systems. We explain how this question is directly linked to the local limit theorem and establish a rate of mixing for general classes of observables of the Z^2-periodic Sinai billiard. We compare our approach with the induction method.
This article introduces and investigates the basic features of a dynamical zeta function for group actions, motivated by the classical dynamical zeta function of a single transformation. A product formula for the dynamical zeta function is established that highlights a crucial link between this function and the zeta function of the acting group. A variety of examples are explored, with a particular focus on full shifts and closely related variants. Amongst the examples, it is shown that there are infinitely many non-isomorphic virtually cyclic groups for which the full shift has a rational zet…
We investigate the location of zeros and poles of a dynamical zeta function arizing in a class of lattice spin models introduced in the 60-ties by M. Kac. The transfer operator method allows us to prove the xistence of infinitely nontrivial zeros of this function on the real line. For certain parameter values there exist also infinitely many trivial equally spaced zeros on a line parallel to the imaginary axis. Hence also for this kind of dynamical zeta function some kind of Riemann hypothesis seems to hold.
We introduce a new dynamical system that we call "tiling billiards," where trajectories refract through planar tilings. This system is motivated by a recent discovery of physical substances with negative indices of refraction. We investigate several special cases where the planar tiling is created by dividing the plane by lines, and we describe the results of computer experiments.
This document is the manuscript of Corentin Fierobe's thesis about the billiard as a dynamical system. The first pages (title, introduction) are in French, but the rest of the document is in English.
We investigate the decay rates of correlations for nonuniformly hyperbolic systems with or without singularities, on piecewise Hölder observables. By constructing a new scheme of coupling methods using the probability renewal theory, we obtain the optimal bounds for decay rates of correlations for a large class of such observables. We also establish the alpha-mixing property for time series generated by these systems, which leads to a vast ranges of limiting theorems. Our results apply to rather general hyperbolic systems with singularities, including Bunimovich flower billiards, semidispersin…
We introduce a new class of billiard systems in the plane, with boundaries formed by finitely many arcs of confocal conics such that they contain some reflex angles. Fundamental dynamical, topological, geometric, and arithmetic properties of such billiards are studied. The novelty, caused by reflex angles on boundary, induces invariant leaves of higher genera and dynamical behaviour different from Liouville-Arnold's theorem. Its analogue is derived from the Maier theorem on measured foliations. A local version of Poncelet theorem is formulated and necessary algebro-geometric conditions for per…
We introduce a new method for estimating the growth of various quantities arising in dynamical systems. We apply our method to polygonal billiards on surfaces of constant curvature. For instance, we obtain power bounds of degree two plus epsilon in length for the number of billiard orbits between almost all pairs of points in a planar polygon.
We discuss about the conjectural cohomological theory of dynamical zeta functions in the case of general Anosov flows. Our aim is to provide a functional-analytic framework that enables us to justify the basic part of the theory rigorously. We show that the zeros and poles of a class of dynamical zeta functions, including the semi-classical (or Gutzwiller-Voros) zeta functions, are interpreted as eigenvalues of the generators of some transfer operators acting on the leaf-wise de Rham cohomology spaces of the unstable foliation.
In this paper we show that, under certain generic conditions, billiards on ovals have only a finite number of periodic orbits, for each period, all non-degenerate and at least one of them is hyperbolic. Moreover, the invariant curves of two hyperbolic points are transversal. We explore these properties to give some dynamical consequences specially about the dynamics in the instability regions.
We introduce multifractal pressure and dynamical multifractal zeta-functions providing precise information of a very general class of multifractal spectra, including, for example, the fine multifractal spectra of self-conformal measures and the fine multifractal spectra of ergodic Birkhoff averages of continuous functions.
This errata fixes a mistake in the part of Giulietti, P.; Liverani, C.; Pollicott, M. Anosov flows and dynamical zeta functions. Ann. of Math. (2) {\bf 178} (2013), no. 2, 687--773, which proves a spectral gap for contact Anosov flows with respect to the measure of maximal entropy (Section 7). However, the first part of the paper, in which it is proved that the Ruelle zeta function is meromorphic, is unaffected.
We study dynamical properties of the billiard flow on convex polyhedra away from a neighbourhood of the non-smooth part of the boundary, called ``pockets''. We prove there are only finitely many immersed periodic tubes missing the pockets and moreover establish a new quantitative estimate for the lengths of such tubes. This extends well-known results in dimension $2$. We then apply these dynamical results to prove a quantitative Laplace eigenfunction mass concentration near the pockets of convex polyhedral billiards. As a technical tool for proving our concentration results on irrational polyh…
A characterization of dynamically defined zeta functions is presented. It comprises a list of axioms, natural extension of the one which characterizes topological degree, and a uniqueness theorem. Lefschetz zeta function is the main (and proved unique) example of such zeta functions. Another interpretation of this function arises from the notion of symmetric product from which some corollaries and applications are obtained.
In this paper, we give concrete descriptions of leafwise cohomology groups and show the regularized determinant expression of the dynamical zeta function for fiber bundles over $S^{1}$. As applications, we show a functional equation and some formulas for special values of the dynamical zeta function.
We use a simple argument to extend the microlocal proofs of meromorphicity of dynamical zeta functions to the nonorientable case. In the special case of geodesic flow on a connected non-orientable negatively curved closed surface, we compute the order of vanishing of the zeta function at the zero point to be the first Betti number of the surface.
A Riemmanian foliated dynamical system of 3-dimension $(\mathrm{RFDS}^{3})$ is a closed Riemannian 3-manifold with additional structures: foliation, dynamical system. In the context of arithmetic topology, it is a geometric/analytic analogue of an arithmetic scheme with a conjectural dynamical system suggested by C. Deninger. In this paper, we show leafwise cohomological expression of dynamical zeta function on a Riemannian foliated dynamical system.
In this paper we continue to study the Reidemeister zeta function. We prove Pólya -- Carlson dichotomy between rationality and a natural boundary for analytic behavior of the Reidemeister zeta function for a large class of automorphisms of Abelian groups. We also study dynamical representation theory zeta functions counting numbers of fixed irreducible representations for iterations of an endomorphism. The rationality and functional equation for these zeta functions are proven for several classes of groups. We find a connection between these zeta functions and the Reidemeister torsions of the …
We introduce multifractal pressure and dynamical multifractal zeta-functions providing precise information of a very general class of multifractal spectra, including, for example, the fine multifractal spectra of graph-directed self-conformal measures and the fine multifractal spectra of ergodic Birkhoff averages of continuous functions on graph-directed self-conformal sets.
These are notes from a course given in Orsay in 2002 explaining carefully the Milnor-Thurston kneading determinant approach to dynamical zeta functions as interpreted by Baladi and Ruelle (Invent. Math. 1996). We make them available in view of the recent renewed interest in this approach. (see arXiv:1501.00294, The Milnor-Thurston determinant and the Ruelle transfer operator, HH Rugh, Comm. Math. Phys. 342 (2016) 603-614, and arXiv:1407.5313, Kneading with weights, HH Rugh, Lei Tan, J. Fractal Geom. 2 (2015) 339-375)
In this brief note we present a very simple strategy to investigate dynamical determinants for uniformly hyperbolic systems. The construction builds on the recent introduction of suitable functional spaces which allow to transform simple heuristic arguments in rigorous ones. Although the results so obtained are not exactly optimal the straightforwardness of the argument makes it noticeable.
We show that the Ruelle zeta function of any smooth Axiom A flow with orientable stable/unstable spaces has a meromorphic continuation to the entire complex plane. The proof uses the meromorphic continuation result of [arXiv:1410.5516] together with the work of Conley-Easton and [arXiv:1711.10059] which imply that every basic hyperbolic set can be put into the framework of [arXiv:1410.5516].
For a $\mathbb{Z}^d$-action $α$ by commuting homeomorphisms of a compact metric space, Lind introduced a dynamical zeta function that generalizes the dynamical zeta function of a single transformation. In this article, we investigate this function when $α$ is generated by continuous automorphisms of a compact abelian zero-dimensional group. We address Lind's conjecture concerning the existence of a natural boundary for the zeta function and prove this for two significant classes of actions, including both zero entropy and positive entropy examples. The finer structure of the periodic point cou…
It is well-known that the Artin-Mazur dynamical zeta function of a hyperbolic or quasi-hyperbolic toral automorphism is a rational function, which can be calculated in terms of the eigenvalues of the corresponding integer matrix. We give an elementary proof of this fact that extends to the case of general toral endomorphisms without change. The result is a closed formula that can be calculated by integer arithmetic only. We also address the functional equation and the relation between the Artin-Mazur and Lefschetz zeta functions.
A dynamical zeta function $ζ$ and a transfer operator $\scr L$ are associated with a piecewise monotone map $f$ of the interval $[0,1]$ and a weight function $g$. The analytic properties of $ζ$ and the spectral properties of $\scr L$ are related by a theorem of Baladi and Keller under an assumption of ``generating partition''. It is shown here how to remove this assumption and, in particular, extend the theorem of Baladi and Keller to the case when $f$ has negative Schwarzian derivative.
