In the present paper, we consider multidimensional nonlinear backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) with a driver depending on the martingale part $M$ of a solution. We assume that the nonlinear term is merely monotone continuous with respect to the state variable. As to the regularity of the driver with respect to the martingale variable, we consider a very general condition which permits path-dependence on "the future" of the process $M$ as well as a dependence of its law (McKean-Vlasov-type equations). For such driver, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a global solution (i.e. for any maturity $T>0$) to BSDE with data satisfying natural integrability conditions.
This paper presents the integral(or differential) form of G-BSDEs, gives some kind of apriori estimates of their solutions, and under a very strong condition, proves the G-martingale representation theorem, and the existence and uniqueness theorem of G-BSDEs.
In [8] we established existence and uniqueness of solutions of backward stochastic differential equations in L^p under a monotonicity condition on the generator and in a general filtration. There was a mistake in the case 1 \textless{} p \textless{} 2. Here we give a corrected proof. Moreover the quasi-left continuity condition on the filtration is removed.
Using properties of backward stochastic differential equations we give new proofs of some well known results on BMO martingales and improve some estimates of BMO norms.
In this paper, we establish representation theorems for generators of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs in short) in probability spaces with general filtration from the perspective of transposition solutions of BSDEs. As applications, we give a converse comparison theorem for generators of BSDEs and also some characterizations to positive homogeneity, independence of y, subadditivity and convexity of generators of BSDEs. Then, we extend concepts of g-expectations and conditional g-expectations to the probability spaces with general filtration and investigate their properties.
We focus on a class of BSDEs driven by a cadlag martingale and corresponding Markov type BSDE which arise when the randomness of the driver appears through a Markov process. To those BSDEs we associate a deterministic problem which, when the Markov process is a Brownian diffusion, is nothing else but a parabolic type PDE. The solution of the deterministic problem is intended as decoupled mild solution, and it is formulated with the help of a time-inhomogeneous semigroup.
We provide a unified approach to a priori estimates for supersolutions of BSDEs in general filtrations, which may not be quasi left-continuous. Unlike the previous related approaches in simpler settings, our results do not only rely on a simple application of Itô's formula and classical estimates, but use crucially appropriate generalizations of deep estimates for supermartingales obtained by Meyer. As an example of application, we prove that reflected BSDEs are well-posed in a general framework which has not been covered so far in the existing literature.
We analyze multidimensional BSDEs in a filtration that supports a Brownian motion and a Poisson random measure. Under a monotonicity assumption on the driver, the paper extends several results from the literature. We establish existence and uniqueness of solutions in $L^p$ provided that the generator and the terminal condition satisfy appropriate integrability conditions. The analysis is first carried out under a deterministic time horizon, and then generalized to random time horizons given by a stopping time with respect to the underlying filtration. Moreover, we provide a comparison principl…
We establish some well-posedness and comparison results for BSDEs driven by one- and multi-dimensional martingales. On the one hand, our approach is largely motivated by results and methods developed in Carbone et al. (2008) and El Karoui and Huang (1997). On the other hand, our results are also motivated by the recent developments in arbitrage pricing theory under funding costs and collateralization. A new version of the comparison theorem for BSDEs driven by a multi-dimensional martingale is established and applied to the pricing and hedging BSDEs studied in Bielecki and Rutkowski (2014) and…
We consider reflected backward stochastic differential equations, with two barriers, defined on probability spaces equipped with filtration satisfying only the usual assumptions of right continuity and completeness. As for barriers we assume that there are càdlàg processes of class D that are completely separated. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for integrable final condition and integrable monotone generator. An application to zero-sum Dynkin game is given.
In this paper, we present martingale decomposition on time scales. We establish the related backward stochastic dynamic equations on time scales (this paper BS$\nabla$E for short, concerning $\nabla$-integral on time scales) which unify backward stochastic differential equations and backward stochastic difference equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness theorem of BS$\nabla$E. This work can be considered as a unification and a generalization of similar results in backward stochastic difference equations and backward stochastic differential equations.
In this paper we prove that every random variable of the form $F(M_T)$ with $F:\real^d \to\real$ a Borelian map and $M$ a $d$-dimensional continuous Markov martingale with respect to a Markov filtration $\mathcal{F}$ admits an exact integral representation with respect to $M$, that is, without any orthogonal component. This representation holds true regardless any regularity assumption on $F$. We extend this result to Markovian quadratic growth BSDEs driven by $M$ and show they can be solved without an orthogonal component. To this end, we extend first existence results for such BSDEs under a …
In this paper, we study doubly reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations defined on probability spaces equipped with filtration satisfying only the usual assumptions of right continuity and completeness in the case where the barriers L and U don't satisfy any regularity assumption (without right continuity). We suppose that the barriers L and U and their left limits are completely separated and we show existence and uniqueness of the solution.
We study the well-posedness of general reflected BSDEs driven by a continuous martingale, when the coefficient f of the driver has at most quadratic growth in the control variable Z, with a bounded terminal condition and a lower obstacle which is bounded above. We obtain the basic results in this setting : comparison and uniqueness, existence, stability. For the comparison theorem and the special comparison theorem for reflected BSDEs (which allows one to compare the increasing processes of two solutions), we give intrinsic proofs which do not rely on the comparison theorem for standard BSDEs.…
In this Note we consider a quadratic backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) driven by a continuous martingale $M$ and whose generator is a deterministic function. We prove (in Theorem \ref{theorem:main}) that if $M$ is a strong homogeneous Markov process and if the BSDE has the form \eqref{BSDE} then the unique solution $(Y,Z,N)$ of the BSDE is reduced to $(Y,Z)$, \textit{i.e.} the orthogonal martingale $N$ is equal to zero showing that in a Markovian setting the "usual" solution $(Y,Z)$ has not to be completed by a strongly orthogonal even if $M$ does not enjoy the martingale repres…
Generalized Reflected BSDEs with RCLL Random Obstacles in a General Filtration
Cadi Ayyad University（卡迪·阿亚德大学）；National School of Applied Sciences of Marrakech（马拉喀什国立应用科学学院）；Ibn Zohr University（伊本·佐哈尔大学）；Faculty of Sciences Agadir（阿加迪尔理学院）；Laboratory of Analysis and Applied Mathematics (LAMA)（分析与数学应用实验室）
We prove some new results on reflected BSDEs and doubly reflected BSDEs driven by a multi-dimensional RCLL martingale. The goal is to develop a general multi-asset framework encompassing a wide spectrum of nonlinear financial models, including as particular cases the setups studied by Peng and Xu \cite{PX2009} and Dumitrescu et al. \cite{DGQS2018} who dealt with BSDEs driven by a one-dimensional Brownian motion and a purely discontinuous martingale with a single jump. Our results are not covered by existing literature on reflected and doubly reflected BSDEs driven by a Brownian motion and a Po…
We discuss a class of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations(BSDEs) with no driving martingale. When the randomness of the driver depends on a general Markov process $X$, those BSDEs are denominated Markovian BSDEs and can be associated to a deterministic problem,called Pseudo-PDE which constitute the natural generalization of a parabolicsemilinear PDE which naturally appears when the underlying filtration is Brownian. We consider two aspects of well-posedness forthe Pseudo-PDEs: "classical" and "martingale" solutions.
In this paper, we study multidimensional generalized BSDEs that have a monotone generator in a general filtration supporting a Brownian motion and an independent Poisson random measure. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of $\mathbb{L}^p(p\ge2)$-solutions in the case of a fixed terminal time under suitable $p$-integrability conditions on the data. Then, we extend these results to the case of a random terminal time. Furthermore, we provide a comparison result in dimension $1$.
Using a new notion of path-derivative, we study well-posedness of backward stochastic differential equation driven by a continuous martingale $M$ when $f(s,γ,y,z)$ is locally Lipschitz in $(y,z)$: \[Y_{t}=ξ(M_{[0,T]})+\int_{t}^{T}f(s,M_{[0,s]},Y_{s-},Z_{s}m_{s})d{\rm tr}[M,M]_{s}-\int_{t}^{T}Z_{s}dM_{s}-N_{T}+N_{t}\] Here, $M_{[0,t]}$ is the path of $M$ from $0$ to $t$ and $m$ is defined by $[M,M]_{t}=\int_{0}^{t}m_{s}m_{s}^{*}d{\rm tr}[M,M]_{s}$. When the BSDE is one-dimensional, we could show the existence and uniqueness of solution. On the contrary, when the BSDE is multidimensional, we sho…
The aim of this paper is to introduce a new formalism for the deterministic analysis associated with backward stochastic differential equations driven by general c{à}dl{à}g martingales. When the martingale is a standard Brownian motion, the natural deterministic analysis is provided by the solution of a semilinear PDE of parabolic type. A significant application concerns the hedging problem under basis risk of a contingent claim $g(X\_T,S\_T)$, where $S$ (resp. $X$) is an underlying price of a traded (resp. non-traded but observable) asset, via the celebrated F{ö}llmer-Schweizer decomposition.…
We focus on a class of path-dependent problems which include path-dependent (possibly Integro) PDEs, and their representation via BSDEs driven by a cadlag martingale. For those equations we introduce the notion of decoupled mild solution for which, under general assumptions, we study existence and uniqueness and its representation via the afore mentioned BSDEs. This concept generalizes a similar notion introduced by the authors in previous papers in the framework of classical PDEs and IPDEs. For every initial condition (s, $η$), where s is an initial time and $η$ an initial path, the solution …
In this paper, we study a class of quadratic Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs) which arises naturally when studying the problem of utility maximization with portfolio constraints. We first establish existence and uniqueness results for such BSDEs and then, we give an application to the utility maximization problem. Three cases of utility functions will be discussed: the exponential, power and logarithmic ones.
$\mathbb{L}^p$-solutions for Reflected BSDEs with jumps in a general filtration under stochastic Lipschitz coefficients
National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics (INSEA)（国立统计与应用经济研究所）；Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), National School of Applied Sciences of Marrakech (ENSA-M)（卡迪·阿亚德大学，马拉喀什国立应用科学学院）
We consider Lipschitz-type backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) driven by cylindrical martingales on the space of continuous functions. We show the existence and uniqueness of the solution of such infinite-dimensional BSDEs and prove that the sequence of solutions of corresponding finite-dimensional BSDEs approximates the original solution. We also consider the hedging problem in bond markets and prove that, for an approximately attainable contingent claim, the sequence of locally risk-minimizing strategies based on small markets converges to the generalized hedging strategy.
We prove existence and uniqueness of the reflected backward stochastic differential equation's (RBSDE) solution with a lower obstacle which is assumed to be right upper-semicontinuous but not necessarily right-continuous in a filtration that supports a Brownian motion $W$ and an independent Poisson random measure $π$. The result is established by using some tools from the general theory of processes such as Mertens decomposition of optional strong (but not necessarily right continuous) supermartingales and some tools from optimal stopping theory, as well as an appropriate generalization of Itô…
In this paper, we study the connections between three concepts - the reverse Hölder inequality for matrix-valued martingales, the well-posedness of linear BSDEs with unbounded coefficients, and the well-posedness of quadratic BSDE systems. In particular, we show that a linear BSDE with bmo (bounded mean oscillation) coefficients is well-posed if and only if the stochastic exponential of a related matrix-valued martingale satisfies a reverse Hölder inequality. Furthermore, we give structural conditions under which these two equivalent conditions are satisfied. Finally, we apply our results on l…
A strict local martingale is a local martingale that is not a martingale. We investigate how such a process might arise from a true martingale as a result of an enlargement of the filtration. We study and implement a particular type of enlargement, initial expansion of filtration, for various stochastic differential equations and provide sufficient conditions in each of these cases such that initial expansion can create a strict local martingale under an equivalent probability measure. Such situations arise in the theory of Mathematical Finance.
We study generalized backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) up to a random time horizon $\vartheta$, which is not a stopping time, under minimal assumptions regarding the properties of $\vartheta$. In contrast to existing works in this area, we do not impose specific assumptions on the random time $\vartheta$ and we study the existence of solutions to BSDEs and reflected BSDEs with a random time horizon through the method of reduction. In addition, we also examine BSDEs and reflected BSDEs with a làdlàg driver where the driver is allowed to have a finite number of common jumps with…
We derive the explicit form of the martingale representation for square-integrable processes that are martingales with respect to the natural filtration of the super-Brownian motion. This is done by using a weak extension of the Dupire derivative for functionals of superprocesses.
Consider $\mathbb{G}$ the progressive enlargement of a filtration $\mathbb{F}$ with a random time $τ$. Assuming that, in $\mathbb{F}$, the martingale representation property holds, we examine conditions under which the martingale representation property holds also in $\mathbb{G}$. A general methodology is developed in this paper, with results covering every known (classical or recent) examples.
We present two examples of loss of the predictable representation property for semi-martingales by enlargement of the reference filtration. First of all we show that the predictable representation property for a square-integrable semi-martingale X does not transfer from the reference filtration F to a larger filtration G when the information starts growing up to a positive time. Then we study the case when F coincides with the natural filtration of X and G is obtained by adding the natural filtration of a second square-integrable semi-martingale, Y. We establish conditions under which the trip…
Results on the existence, uniqueness and strict comparison for solutions to a BSDE driven by a multi-dimensional RCLL martingale are established. The goal is to develop a general multi-asset framework encompassing a wide spectrum of nonlinear financial models with jumps, including as particular cases the setups studied by Peng and Xu \cite{PX2009,PX2010} and Dumitrescu et al. \cite{DGQS2018} who dealt with BSDEs driven by a one-dimensional Brownian motion and a purely discontinuous martingale with a single jump.
We introduce a generalized notion of semilinear elliptic partial differential equations where the corresponding second order partial differential operator $L$ has a generalized drift. We investigate existence and uniqueness of generalized solutions of class $C^1$. The generator $L$ is associated with a Markov process $X$ which is the solution of a stochastic differential equation with distributional drift. If the semilinear PDE admits boundary conditions, its solution is naturally associated with a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) with random terminal time, where the forward pr…
In this paper we obtain a martingale representation theorem in the progressive enlargement $\mathbb{G}$ by a random time $τ$ of the filtration $\mathbb{F}^L$ generated by a Lévy process $L$. The assumptions on the random time are that $\mathbb{F}^ L$ is immersed in $\mathbb{G}$ and that $τ$ avoids $\mathbb{F}^ L$ stopping times. We also study the multiplicity of a progressively enlarged filtration.
We work in the setting of the progressive enlargement $\mathbb G$ of a reference filtration $\mathbb F$ through the observation of a random time $τ$. We study an integral representation property for some classes of $\mathbb G$-martingales stopped at $τ$. In the first part, we focus on the case where $\mathbb F$ is a Poisson filtration and we establish a predictable representation property with respect to three $\mathbb G$-martingales. In the second part, we relax the assumption that $\mathbb F$ is a Poisson filtration and we assume that $τ$ is an $\mathbb F$-pseudo-stopping time. We establish …
We show that the existence of a martingale approximation of a stationary process depends on the choice of the filtration. There exists a stationary linear process which has a martingale approximation with respect to the natural filtration, but no approximation with respect to a larger filtration with respect to wich it is adapted and regular. There exists a stationary process adapted, regular, and having a martingale approximation with respect to a given filtration but not (regular and having a martingale approximation) with respect to the natural filtration.
This article deals with the numerical resolution of backward stochastic differential equations. Firstly, we consider a rather general case where the filtration is generated by a Brownian motion and a Poisson random measure. We provide a simulation algorithm based on iterative regressions on function bases, which coefficients are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. We state fully explicit error bounds. Secondly, restricting to the case of a Brownian filtration, we consider reflected BSDEs and adapt the previous algorithm to that situation. The complexity of the algorithm is very competitiv…
This work deals with backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) with random marked jumps, and their applications to default risk. We show that these BSDEs are linked with Brownian BSDEs through the decomposition of processes with respect to the progressive enlargement of filtrations. We show that the equations have solutions if the associated Brownian BSDEs have solutions. We also provide a uniqueness theorem for BSDEs with jumps by giving a comparison theorem based on the comparison for Brownian BSDEs. We give in particular some results for quadratic BDSEs. As applications, we study the…
Let $X$ be a point process and let $\mathbb{X}$ denote the filtration generated by $X$. In this paper we study martingale representation theorems in the filtration $\mathbb{G}$ obtained as an initial and progressive enlargement of the filtration $\mathbb{X}$. The progressive enlargement is done here by means of a whole point process $H$. We do not require further assumptions on the point process $H$ nor on the dependence between $X$ and $H$. In particular, we recover the special case of the progressive enlargement by a random time $τ$.
In this note we introduce a new kind of augmentation of filtrations along a sequence of stopping times. This augmentation is suitable for the construction of new probability measures associated to a positive strict local martingale as done in \cite{split1}, while it is on the other hand rich enough to make classical results from stochastic analysis hold true on some stochastic interval of interest.
We study the problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions of backward stochastic differential equations with two reflecting irregular barriers, $L^p$ data and generators satisfying weak integrability conditions. We deal with equations on general filtered probability spaces. In case the generator does not depend on the $z$ variable, we first consider the case $p=1$ and we only assume that the underlying filtration satisfies the usual conditions of right-continuity and completeness. Additional integrability properties of solutions are established if $p\in(1,2]$ and the filtration is quasi-le…
In this paper, we study backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs shortly) with jumps that have Lipschitz generator in a general filtration supporting a Brownian motion and an independent Poisson random measure. Under just integrability on the data we show that such equations admits a unique solution which belongs to class D.
Let $(\mathbb{P}^{s,x})_{(s,x)\in[0,T]\times E}$ be a family of probability measures, where $E$ is a Polish space,defined on the canonical probability space ${\mathbb D}([0,T],E)$ of $E$-valued cadlag functions. We suppose that a martingale problem with respect to a time-inhomogeneous generator $a$ is well-posed. We consider also an associated semilinear {\it Pseudo-PDE} with generator $a$ for which we introduce a notion of so called {\it decoupled mild} solution and study the equivalence with the notion of martingale solution introduced in a companion paper. We also investigate well-posedness…
This work is concerned with the theory of initial and progressive enlargements of a reference filtration F with a random time τ. We provide, under an equivalence assumption, slightly stronger than the absolute continuity assumption of Jacod, alternative proofs to results concerning canonical decomposition of an F-martingale in the enlarged filtrations. Also, we address martingales' characterization in the enlarged filtrations in terms of martingales in the reference filtration, as well as predictable representation theorems in the enlarged filtrations.
We study a backward stochastic differential equation whose terminal condition is an integrable function of a local martingale and generator has bounded growth in $z$. When the local martingale is a strict local martingale, the BSDE admits at least two different solutions. Other than a solution whose first component is of class D, there exists another solution whose first component is not of class D and strictly dominates the class D solution. Both solutions are $\mathbb{L}^p$ integrable for any $0<p<1$. These two different BSDE solutions generate different viscosity solutions to the associated…
In the present paper we address stochastic optimal control problems for a step process $(X,\mathbb{F})$ under a progressive enlargement of the filtration. The global information is obtained adding to the reference filtration $\mathbb{F}$ the point process $H=1_{[τ,+\infty)}$. Here $τ$ is a random time that can be regarded as the occurrence time of an external shock event. We study two classes of control problems, over $[0,T]$ and over the random horizon $[0,T \wedge τ]$. We solve these control problems following a dynamical approach based on a class of BSDEs driven by the jump measure $μ^ Z$ o…
With an emphasis on generators with quadratic growth in the control variable we consider measure solutions of BSDE, a solution concept corresponding to the notion of risk neutral measure in mathematical finance. In terms of measure solutions, solving a BSDE reduces to martingale representation with respect to an underlying filtration. Measure solutions related to measures equivalent to the historical one provide classical solutions. We derive the existence of measure solutions in scenarios in which the generating functions are just continuous, of at most linear growth in the control variable (…
This paper establishes an existence and uniqueness result for the adapted solution of a general time interval multidimensional backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE), where the generator $g$ satisfies a weak stochastic-monotonicity condition and a general growth condition in the state variable $y$, and a stochastic-Lipschitz condition in the state variable $z$. This unifies and strengthens some known works. In order to prove this result, we develop some ideas and techniques employed in \citet{XiaoFan2017Stochastics} and \citet{LiuLiFan2019CAM}. In particular, we put forward and prove…
Using martingale methods, we provide bounds for the entropy of a probability measure on $\mathbb {R}^d$ with the right-hand side given in a certain integral form. As a corollary, in the one-dimensional case, we obtain a weighted log-Sobolev inequality.
We study an optimal investment problem under contagion risk in a financial model subject to multiple jumps and defaults. The global market information is formulated as a progressive enlargement of a default-free Brownian filtration, and the dependence of default times is modeled by a conditional density hypothesis. In this Ito-jump process model, we give a decomposition of the corresponding stochastic control problem into stochastic control problems in the default-free filtration, which are determined in a backward induction. The dynamic programming method leads to a backward recursive system …
