Nursel Erey, Takayuki Hibi
Let $\operatorname{pd}(I(G))$ and $\operatorname{reg}(I(G))$ respectively denote the projective dimension and the regularity of the edge ideal $I(G)$ of a graph $G$. For any positive integer $n$, we determine all pairs $(\operatorname{pd}(I(G)),\, \operatorname{reg}(I(G)))$ as $G$ ranges over all connected bipartite graphs on $n$ vertices.
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The Boij-Söderberg characterization decomposes a Betti table into a unique positive integral linear combination of pure diagrams. Given a module with a pure resolution, we describe explicit formulae for computing the decomposition of the Betti table of the module given the decomposition of the truncation of the Betti table, and vice versa. Nagel and Sturgeon described the decomposition of Betti tables of ideals with $d$-linear resolutions; indeed, the coefficients are precisely finite $O$-sequences. Using the extension formulae, we provide an explicit description of the coefficients of the dec…
Given a finite simple graph one can associate the edge ideal. In this paper we prove that a graded Betti number of the edge ideal does not vanish if the original graph contains a set of complete bipartite subgraphs with some conditions. Also we give a combinatorial description for the projective dimension of the edge ideals of unmixed bipartite graphs.
We give a bijective proof that the Betti numbers of a minimal free resolution of the Stanley-Reisner ring of a cycle graph (viewed as a one-dimensional simplicial complex) are given by the number of standard Young tableaux of a given shape.
We prove a conjectured lower bound of Nagel and Reiner on Betti numbers of edge ideals of bipartite graphs.
We study the dependence of graded Betti numbers of monomial ideals on the characteristic of the base field. The examples we describe include bipartite ideals, Stanley--Reisner ideals of vertex-decomposable complexes and ideals with componentwise linear resolutions. We give a description of bipartite graphs and, using discrete Morse theory, provide a way of looking at the homology of arbitrary simplicial complexes through bipartite ideals. We also prove that the Betti table of a monomial ideal over the field of rational numbers can be obtained from the Betti table over any field by a sequence o…
In this note we provide a counter-example to a conjecture of K. Pardue [Thesis, Brandeis University, 1994.], which asserts that if a monomial ideal is $p$-Borel-fixed, then its $\naturals$-graded Betti table, after passing to any field does not depend on the field. More precisely, we show that, for any monomial ideal $I$ in a polynomial ring $S$ over the ring $\ints$ of integers and for any prime number $p$, there is a $p$-Borel-fixed monomial $S$-ideal $J$ such that a region of the multigraded Betti table of $J(S \otimes_\ints \ell)$ is in one-to-one correspondence with the multigraded Betti …
Betti splittings and multigraded Betti numbers of cover ideals of bipartite graphs
该研究探讨二部图覆盖理想的Betti分裂，证明二部图覆盖理想的任意$x_i$-划分为Betti分裂，且任意无平方项单项式理想的多重分次Betti数可出现在某二部图覆盖理想的对应分次Betti数特定部分中。
Betti Tables and the Licci Property
研究理想的 licci 性质与贝蒂表的关系，通过实例表明含变量立方的理想，其 licci 性质不能仅由贝蒂表确定；而含变量平方的理想，其 licci 性质由贝蒂表前两列完全确定。
We describe the cone of Betti tables of all finitely generated graded modules over the homogeneous coordinate ring of three non-collinear points in the projective plane. We also describe the cone of Betti tables of all finite length modules.
In this paper we develop a new technique to compute the Betti table of a monomial ideal. We present a prototype implementation of the resulting algorithm and we perform numerical experiments suggesting a very promising efficiency. On the way of describing the method, we also prove new constraints on the shape of the possible Betti tables of a monomial ideal.
We discuss extremal Betti tables of resolutions in three different contexts. We begin over the graded polynomial ring, where extremal Betti tables correspond to pure resolutions. We then contrast this behavior with that of extremal Betti tables over regular local rings and over a bigraded ring.
We describe the cone of Betti tables of Cohen-Macaulay modules over the homogeneous coordinate ring of a rational normal curve.
We study the Betti tables of reducible algebraic curves with a focus on connected line arrangements and provide a general formula for computing the quadratic strand of the Betti table for line arrangements that satisfy certain hypotheses. We also give explicit formulas for the entries of the Betti tables for all curves of genus zero and one. Last, we give formulas for the graded Betti numbers for a class of curves of higher genus.
Let $G$ be a cycle or a complete bipartite graph. We show that the binomial edge ideal $J_{G}$ and its initial ideal with respect to the lexicographic order have the same extremal Betti number.
Let $I\subseteq R=\kk[x_1,...,x_n]$ be a homogeneous equigenerated ideal of degree $r$. We show here that the shapes of the Betti tables of the ideals $I^d$ stabilize, in the sense that there exists some $D$ such that for all $d\geq D$, $\betti{i}{j+rd}(I^d)\neq 0\Leftrightarrow \betti{i}{j+rD}(I^D)\neq 0$. We also produce upper bounds for the stabilization index $\Stab(I)$. This strengthens the result of Cutkosky, Herzog, and Trung that the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $\reg(I^d)$ is eventually a linear function in $d$.
We classify the Betti tables of indecomposable graded matrix factorizations over the simple elliptic singularity $f_λ= XY(X-Y)(X-λY)$ by making use of an associated weighted projective line of genus one.
Restrictions on the Betti tables of licci ideals
该研究针对licci理想的Betti表限制提出相关猜想，聚焦齐次licci理想生成元数量与分次自由分解最大末移的问题，并在大量情形下完成猜想证明。
Given an homogeneous monomial ideal $I$, we provide a question- and example-based investigation of the stabilization patterns of the Betti tables shapes of $I^d$ as we vary $d$. We build off Whieldon's definition of the stabilization index of $I$, Stab$(I)$, to define the stabilization sequence of $I$, StabSeq$(I)$, and use it to explore changes in the shapes of the Betti tables of $I^d$ as we vary $d$. We also present the stabilization indices and sequences of the collection of ideals $\{I_{n}\}$ where $I_{n}=(a^{2n}b^{2n}c^{2n},b^{4n}c^{2n},a^{3n}c^{3n},a^{6n-1}b)\subseteq \Bbbk[a,b,c]$.
Let $S_n$ be a polynomial ring with $n$ variables over a field and $\{I_n\}_{n \geq 1}$ a chain of ideals such that each $I_n$ is a monomial ideal of $S_n$ fixed by permutations of the variables. In this paper, we present a way to determine all nonzero positions of Betti tables of $I_n$ for all large intergers $n$ from the $\mathbb Z^m$-graded Betti table of $I_m$ for some integer $m$. Our main result shows that the projective dimension and the regularity of $I_n$ eventually become linear functions on $n$, confirming a special case of conjectures posed by Le, Nagel, Nguyen and Römer.
For an unmixed bipartite graph $G$ we consider the lattice of vertex covers $\mathcal{L}_G$ and compute depth, projective dimension and extremal Betti-numbers of $R/I(G)$ in terms of this lattice.
We introduce a recursive decomposition algorithm for the Betti diagram of a complete intersection using the diagram of a complete intersection defined by a subset of the original generators. This alternative algorithm is the main tool that we use to investigate stability and compatibility of the Boij-Soederberg decompositions of related diagrams; indeed, when the biggest generating degree is sufficiently large, the alternative algorithm produces the Boij-Soederberg decomposition. We also provide a detailed analysis of the Boij-Soederberg decomposition for Betti diagrams of codimension four com…
We provide the regularity and the Cohen-Macaulay type of binomial edge ideals of Cohen-Macaulay cones, and we show the extremal Betti numbers of some classes of Cohen-Macaulay binomial edge ideals: Cohen-Macaulay bipartite and fan graphs. In addition, we compute the Hilbert-Poincaré series of the binomial edge ideals of some Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs.
We focus in this paper on edge ideals associated to bipartite graphs and give a combinatorial characterization of those having regularity 3. When the regularity is strictly bigger than 3, we determine the first step $i$ in the minimal graded free resolution where there exists a minimal generator of degree $>i+3$, show that at this step the highest degree of a minimal generator is $i+4$, and determine the value of the corresponding graded Betti number $β_{i,i+4}$ in terms of the combinatorics of the associated bipartite graph. The results can then be easily extended to the non-squarefree case t…
We prove an explicit formula for the first non-zero entry in the n-th row of the graded Betti table of an n-dimensional projective toric variety associated to a normal polytope with at least one interior lattice point. This applies to Veronese embeddings of projective space where we prove a special case of a conjecture of Ein and Lazarsfeld. We also prove an explicit formula for the entire n-th row when the interior of the polytope is one-dimensional. All results are valid over an arbitrary field k.
The size of the Betti table of Binomial Edge Ideals
该研究针对n个非孤立顶点的有限简单图及其二项边理想，确定了几乎所有对应的投射维数与正则度对，推进了交换代数中相关不变量的刻画。
We show that for maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over a homogeneous coordinate rings of smooth Calabi-Yau varieties $X$ computation of Betti numbers can be reduced to computations of dimensions of certain $\operatorname{Hom}$ groups in the bounded derived category $D^b(X)$. In the simplest case of a smooth elliptic curve $E$ imbedded into $\mathbb{P}^2$ as a smooth cubic we use our formula to get explicit answers for Betti numbers. Description of the automorphism group of the derived category $D^b(E)$ in terms of the spherical twist functors of Seidel and Thomas plays a major role in our approa…
Generalized Andrásfai graphs and special Betti diagrams of edge ideals
研究广义安德拉斯法伊图的边理想特性，发现其贝蒂图具有特殊形状，扩展了完整图和完整双图的正则度和射影维数结果。
Betti tables forcing failure of the Weak Lefschetz Property
该研究聚焦点配置的Artinian约化的弱莱夫谢茨性质，证明某类Betti表会迫使WLP失效，且该失效无法通过希尔伯特函数检测，拓展了相关几何与代数性质关联的研究。
Mats Boij and Jonas Soederberg (math.AC/0611081) have conjectured that the Betti table of a Cohen-Macaulay module over a polynomial ring can be decomposed in a certain way as a positive linear combination of Betti tables of modules with pure resolutions. We prove, over any field, a strengthened form of their conjecture. Applications include a proof of the Multiplicity Conjecture of Huneke and Srinivasan and a proof of the convexity of a fan naturally associated to the Young lattice. We also characterize the rational cone of all cohomology tables of vector bundles on projective spaces in terms …
Let $G$ be a finitely generated abelian group, and let $S = A[x_1, ..., x_n]$ be a $G$-graded polynomial ring over a commutative ring $A$. Let $I_1, ..., I_s$ be $G$-homogeneous ideals in $S$, and let $M$ be a finitely generated $G$-graded $S$-module. We show that, when $A$ is Noetherian, the nonzero $G$-graded Betti numbers of $MI_1^{t_1} ... I_s^{t_s}$ exhibit an asymptotic linear behavior as the $t_i$s get large.
The regularity of almost all edge ideals
本文将图论中“几乎所有不含某子图的图有共同结构”的范式迁移到交换代数，利用临界图研究边理想的抛物线Betti数，得出几乎所有对应Betti数为零的图的结构划分及边理想正则性结论。
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we present a conjecture to the effect that the ranks of the syzygy modules of a smooth projective variety become normally distributed as the positivity of the embedding line bundle grows. Then, in an attempt to render the conjecture plausible, we prove a result suggesting that this is in any event the typical behavior from a probabilistic point of view. Specifically, we consider a "random" Betti table with a fixed number of rows, sampled according to a uniform choice of Boij-Soderberg coefficients. We compute the asymptotics of the entries as the le…
In the origins of complexity theory Booth and Lueker showed that the question of whether two graphs are isomorphic or not can be reduced to the special case of chordal graphs. To prove that, they defined a transformation from graphs G to chordal graphs BL(G). The projective resolutions of the associated edge ideals is manageable and we investigate to what extent their Betti tables also tell non-isomorphic graphs apart. It turns out that the coefficients describing the decompositions of Betti tables into pure diagrams in Boij-Soderberg theory are much more explicit than the Betti tables themsel…
The Betti numbers of a graded module over the polynomial ring form a table of numerical invariants that refines the Hilbert polynomial. A sequence of papers sparked by conjectures of Boij and Söderberg have led to the characterization of the possible Betti tables up to rational multiples---that is, to the rational cone generated by the Betti tables. We will summarize this work by describing the cone and the closely related cone of cohomology tables of vector bundles on projective space, and we will give new, simpler proofs of some of the main results. We also explain some of the applications o…
A natural extension of bipartite graphs are $d$-partite clutters, where $d \geq 2$ is an integer. For a poset $P$, Ene, Herzog and Mohammadi introduced the $d$-partite clutter $\mathcal{C}_{P,d}$ of multichains of length $d$ in $P$, showing that it is Cohen-Macaulay. We prove that the cover ideal of $\mathcal{C}_{P,d}$ admits an $x_i$-splitting, determining a recursive formula for its Betti numbers and generalizing a result of Francisco, Hà and Van Tuyl on the cover ideal of Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs. Moreover we prove a Betti splitting result for the Alexander dual of a Cohen-Macaulay s…
We compute the graded Betti numbers for the toric ideal of a family of graphs constructed by adjoining a cycle to a complete bipartite graph. The key observation is that this family admits an initial ideal which has linear quotients. As a corollary, we compute the Hilbert series and $h$-vector for all the toric ideals of graphs in this family.
A numerical characterization is given of the so-called h-triangles of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes. This result characterizes the number of faces of various dimensions and codimensions in such a complex, generalizing the classical Macaulay-Stanley theorem to the nonpure case. Moreover, we characterize the possible Betti tables of componentwise linear ideals. A key tool in our investigation is a bijection between shifted multicomplexes of degree at most d and shifted pure (d-1)-dimensional simplicial complexes.
The eventual shape of the Betti table of $\mathfrak{m}^kM$
本文研究了域上多项式环中 $\mathfrak{m}^kM$ 的 Betti 表在 $k$ 较大时的模式，证明了在特征为零且 $M$ 为自由模子模时描述其形状，并证明单项式理想 $I$ 的 $\mathfrak{m}^kI$ 具有线性商。
In this paper, we obtain a combinatorial formula for computing the Betti numbers in the linear strand of edge ideals of bipartite Kneser graphs. We deduce lower and upper bounds for regularity of powers of edge ideals of these graphs in terms of associated combinatorial data and show that the lower bound is attained in some cases. Also, we obtain bounds on the projective dimension of edge ideals of these graphs in terms of combinatorial data.
We produce a family of complexes called trimming complexes and explore applications. We study how trimming complexes can be used to deduce the Betti table for the minimal free resolution of the ideal generated by subsets of a generating set for an arbitrary ideal $I$. In particular, we compute the Betti table for removing an arbitrary generator from the ideal of submaximal pfaffians of a generic skew symmetric matrix $M$. We also explicitly compute the Betti table for the ideal generated by certain subsets of the generating set of the ideal of maximal minors of a generic $n \times m$ matrix. S…
The asymptotic behavior of graded Betti numbers of powers of homogeneous ideals in a polynomial ring over a field has recently been reviewed. We extend quasi polynomial behavior of graded Betti numbers of powers of homogenous ideals to Z-graded algebra over Notherian local ring. Furthermore our main result treats the Betti table of filtrations which is finite or integral over the Rees algebra.
We study inequalities between graded Betti numbers of ideals in a standard graded algebra over a field and their images under embedding maps, defined earlier by us in [Math. Z. 274, (2013), no. 3-4, pp. 809-819; arXiv:1009.4488]. We show that if graded Betti numbers do not decrease when we replace ideals in an algebra by their embedded versions, then the same behaviour is carried over to ring extensions. As a corollary we give alternative inductive proofs of earlier results of Bigatti, Hulett, Pardue, Mermin-Peeva-Stillman and Murai. We extend a hypersurface restriction theorem of Herzog-Popes…
Let K be a field and S a polynomial ring in a finite number of variables over K. Let F be a finitely generated graded free S-module. We examine some classes of squarefree monomial submodules of F. Hence, we focalize our attention on the Betti table of such classes in order to analyze the behavior of their extremal Betti numbers.
We prove that $β_p(I(G)) = β_{p,p+r}(I(G))$ for skew Ferrers graph $G$, where $p:=\pd(I(G))$ and $r:=\reg(I(G))$. As a consequence, we confirm that Ene, Herzog and Hibi's conjecture is true for the Betti numbers in the last columm of Betti table. We also give an explicit formula for the unique extremal Betti number of binomial edge ideal for some closed graphs.
We provide some new conditions under which the graded Betti numbers of a monomial ideal can be computed in terms of the graded Betti numbers of smaller ideals, thus complementing Eliahou and Kervaire's splitting approach. As applications, we show that edge ideals of graphs are splittable, and we provide an iterative method for computing the Betti numbers of the cover ideals of Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs. Finally, we consider the frequency with which one can find particular splittings of monomial ideals and raise questions about ideals whose resolutions are characteristic-dependent.
A certain squarefree monomial ideal $H_P$ arising from a finite partially ordered set $P$ will be studied from viewpoints of both commutative algebra and combinatorics. First, it is proved that the defining ideal of the Rees algebra of $H_P$ possesses a quadratic Gröbner basis. Thus in particular all powers of $H_P$ have linear resolutions. Second, the minimal free graded resolution of $H_P$ will be constructed explicitly and a combinatorial formula to compute the Betti numbers of $H_P$ will be presented. Third, by using the fact that the Alexander dual of the simplicial complex $Δ$ whose Stan…
The degree of a projective subscheme has an upper bound in term of the codimension and the reduction number. If a projective variety has an almost maximal degree, that is, the degree equals to the upper bound minus one, then its Betti table has been described explicitly. We build on this work by showing that for most of such varieties, the defining ideals are componentwise linear and in particular the componentwise linearity is suitable for classifying the Betti tables of such varieties. As an application, we compute the Betti table of all varieties with almost maximal degree and componentwise…
The graded Betti numbers are not tropical invariants
该研究证明分次Betti数不是齐次理想或赋值域上射影代数概形热带化的不变量，通过构造一组对应同一热带理想但Betti表不同的饱和理想完成论证。
A note on Artin Gorenstein algebras with Hilbert function (1,4,k,k,4,1)
本文研究Hilbert函数为(1,4,k,k,4,1)的Artin Gorenstein代数，证明Weak Lefschetz性质蕴含Strong Lefschetz性质，并给出betti表由Hilbert函数或更强条件唯一确定的若干情形。
Regularity is bounded on a quasi-excellent Noetherian scheme
本文证明拟优良诺特概形上切锥的梯度Betti表只有有限种可能，从而正则性有界。
Algebraic and geometric aspects of bipartite planar graphs
本文研究具有偶数个区域的二部平面图，给出其关联商环的分次 Betti 数与投射维数的界，并探讨最小顶点覆盖和最大匹配。
Let $I$ be an ideal generated by quadrics in a standard graded polynomial ring $S$ over a field. A question of Avramov, Conca, and Iyengar asks whether the Betti numbers of $R = S/I$ over $S$ can be bounded above by binomial coefficients on the minimal number of generators of $I$ if $R$ is Koszul. This question has been answered affirmatively for Koszul algebras defined by three quadrics and Koszul almost complete intersections with any number of generators. We give a strong affirmative answer to the above question in the case of four quadrics by completely determining the Betti tables of heig…
Characteristic Independence of Betti Numbers of Monomial Ideals in Five Variables
研究五个变量的单项式理想贝蒂数与基域特征的关系，通过将其简化为无平方因子孪生理想并应用霍赫斯特公式，证明其贝蒂数与特征无关，给出相关计算结果，且表明佩娃六变量例子的界限是精确的。
On the Betti numbers and gracefulness of some planar graphs
本文研究二部平面图 St_r 的代数与标号性质，建立了区域数 r 与边理想投射分解中分次 Betti 数、投射维数等代数不变量的关系，并证明该类图具有边优美标号。
A very well-covered graph is an unmixed graph without isolated vertices such that the height of its edge ideal is half of the number of vertices. We study these graphs by means of Betti splittings and mapping cone constructions. We show that the cover ideals of Cohen-Macaulay very well-covered graphs are splittable. As a consequence, we compute explicitly the minimal graded free resolution of the cover ideals of such a class of graphs and prove that these graphs have homological linear quotients. Finally, we conjecture the same is true for each power of the cover ideal of a Cohen-Macaulay very…
Let $K$ be an arbitrary field. Let $\a = (a_1< ... <a_n)$ be a sequence of positive integers. Let $C(\a)$ be the affine monomial curve in ${\mathbb A}^n$ parametrized by $t\to (t^{a_1}, ..., t^{a_n})$. Let $I(\a)$ be the defining ideal of $C(\a)$ in $K[x_1, ..., x_n]$. For each positive integer $j$, let $\a+j$ be the sequence $(a_1 + j, ..., a_n+j)$. In this paper, we prove the conjecture of Herzog and Srinivasan saying that the betti numbers of $I(\a + j)$ are eventually periodic in $j$ with period $a_n -a_1$. When $j$ is large enough, we describe the betti table for the closure of $C(\a+j)$ …
Let $S$ be a polynomial ring over a field and $I\subseteq S$ a homogeneous ideal containing a regular sequence of forms of degrees $d_1, \ldots, d_c$. In this paper we prove the Lex-plus-powers Conjecture when the field has characteristic 0 for all regular sequences such that $d_i \geq \sum_{j=1}^{i-1} (d_j-1)+1$ for each $i$; that is, we show that the Betti table of $I$ is bounded above by the Betti table of the lex-plus-powers ideal of $I$. As an application, when the characteristic is 0, we obtain bounds for the Betti numbers of any homogeneous ideal containing a regular sequence of known d…
Betti cones over fibre products
本文研究域上标准分次代数的纤维积$R$上有限生成分次模的合冲结构，证明了正则度有限且投射维数无限的模的存在性蕴含$R$是Koszul代数，并刻画了depth为1时Betti锥极射线由纯模Betti表张成的等价条件。
A Complete Classification of 2-Linear Neighborhood Complexes
本文刻画了图G的Stanley-Reisner环k[N(G)]何时具有2-线性分解，等价于G是邻域共形且其公共邻域图是弦图，即G是仅含4-圈作为诱导圈的二分图，并由此得到Katzman下界等号成立条件及Cohen-Macaulay支配复形的分类。
Using the concept of $d$-collapsibility from combinatorial topology, we define chordal simplicial complexes and show that their Stanley-Reisner ideals are componentwise linear. Our construction is inspired by and an extension of "chordal clutters'' which was defined by Bigdeli, Yazdan Pour and Zaare-Nahandi in 2017, and characterizes Betti tables of all ideals with linear resolution in a polynomial ring. We show $d$-collapsible and $d$-representable complexes produce componentwise linear ideals for appropriate $d$. Along the way, we prove that there are generators that when added to the ideal,…
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