In arXiv:2011.08830 we established a series of correspondences relating five enumerative theories of log Calabi-Yau surfaces, i.e. pairs $(Y,D)$ with $Y$ a smooth projective complex surface and $D=D_1+\dots +D_l$ an anticanonical divisor on $Y$ with each $D_i$ smooth and nef. In this paper we explore the generalisation to $Y$ being a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack with projective coarse moduli space of dimension 2, and $D_i$ nef $\mathbb{Q}$-Cartier divisors. We consider in particular three infinite families of orbifold log Calabi-Yau surfaces, and for each of them we provide closed form solutions of the maximal contact log Gromov-Witten theory of the pair $(Y,D)$, the local Gromov-Witten theory of the total space of $\bigoplus_i \mathcal{O}_Y(-D_i)$, and the open Gromov-Witten theory of toric orbi-branes in a Calabi-Yau 3-orbifold associated to $(Y,D)$. We also consider new examples of BPS integral structures underlying these invariants, and relate them to the Donaldson-Thomas theory of a symmetric quiver specified by $(Y,D)$, and to a class of open/closed BPS invariants.
Choosing a normal crossings anticanonical divisor of $\mathbb{P}^2$ leads to four log Calabi-Yau surfaces, three of which are Looijenga pairs. In this survey article, I describe how to count rational curves in these that intersect each component of the divisor in one point of maximal tangency.
We use orbifold structures to deduce degeneracy statements for holomorphic maps into logarithmic surfaces. We improve former results in the smooth case and generalize them to singular pairs. In particular, we give applications on nodal surfaces and complements of singular plane curves.
Using the equivariant virtual cycle of the moduli space of stable maps to [C/Z_r], or equivalently, the vanishing of high-degree Chern classes of a certain vector bundle over the moduli space of stable maps to BZ_r, we derive relations in the Chow ring of Mbar_{g,n}(BZ_r,0). These push forward to yield tautological relations on Mbar_{g,n}.
The moduli space of stable relative maps to the projective line combines features of stable maps and admissible covers. We prove all standard Gromov-Witten classes on these moduli spaces of stable relative maps have tautological push-forwards to the moduli space of curves. In particular, the fundamental classes of all moduli spaces of admissible covers push-forward to tautological classes. Consequences for the tautological rings of the moduli spaces of curves include methods for generating new relations, uniform derivations of the socle and vanishing statements of the Gorenstein conjectures fo…
We provide an enumerative meaning of the mirror maps for toric Calabi-Yau orbifolds in terms of relative Gromov-Witten invariants of the toric compactifications. As a consequence, we obtain an equality between relative Gromov-Witten invariants and open Gromov-Witten invariants. Therefore, the instanton corrected mirrors for toric Calabi-Yau orbifolds can be constructed using relative Gromov-Witten invariants.
For a toric Calabi-Yau (CY) orbifold $\mathcal{X}$ whose underlying toric variety is semi-projective, we construct and study a non-toric Lagrangian torus fibration on $\mathcal{X}$, which we call the Gross fibration. We apply the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow (SYZ) recipe to the Gross fibration of $\mathcal{X}$ to construct its mirror with the instanton corrections coming from genus 0 open orbifold Gromov-Witten (GW) invariants, which are virtual counts of holomorphic orbi-disks in $\mathcal{X}$ bounded by fibers of the Gross fibration. We explicitly evaluate all these invariants by first proving an o…
We give an approach for relative and degenerate Gromov--Witten invariants, inspired by that of Jun Li but replacing predeformable maps by transversal maps to a twisted target. The main advantage is a significant simplification in the definition of the obstruction theory. We reprove in our language the degeneration formula, extending it to the orbifold case.
We introduce orbifold Euler numbers for normal surfaces with Q-divisors. These numbers behave multiplicatively under finite maps and in the log canonical case we prove that they satisfy the Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau type inequality. As a corollary we prove effective versions of Bogomolov's result on boundedness of rational curves in some surfaces of general type. Finally, we give some applications to singularities of plane curves.
For $L \hookrightarrow X$ a Lagrangian embedding associated with a real homogeneous space, we construct the moduli space of stable holomorphic discs mapping to $(X,L)$ as an orbifold with corners equipped with a group action. Some essential constructions involving orbifolds with corners are also discussed, including the existence of fibered products and pushforward and pullback of differential forms with values in a local system.
We prove that the orbifold desingularization of the moduli space of stable maps of genus g = 1 recently constructed by Vakil and Zinger has vanishing rational cohomology groups in odd degree k < 10.
For a weighted homogeneous polynomial and a choice of a diagonal symmetry group, we define a new Fukaya category for a Landau-Ginzburg orbifold (of Fano or Calabi-Yau type). The construction is based on the wrapped Fukaya category of its Milnor fiber together with the monodromy of the singularity, and it is analogous to the variation operator in singularity theory. The new $\AI$-structure is constructed using popsicle maps with interior insertions of the monodromy orbit. This requires new compactifications of popsicle moduli spaces where conformal structures of some of the spheres and discs ar…
We study complex-analytic properties of the augmented Teichmuller spaces ATS introduced by Lipman Bers. These spaces are obtained by adding to the classical Teichmuller space TS the points corresponding to nodal Riemann surfaces. Unlike TS, the space ATS is not a complex manifold (it is not even locally compact). We prove however that the quotient of ATS by any finite index subgroup of the Teichmuller modular group has a canonical structure of a complex orbifold. Using this structure we construct natural maps from ATS to stacks of admissible coverings of stable Riemann surfaces. This result is…
Toroidal 3-orbifolds $(S^1)^6/G$, for $G$ a finite group, were some of the earliest examples of Calabi-Yau 3-orbifolds to be studied in string theory. While much mathematical progress towards the predictions of string theory has been made in the meantime, most of it has dealt with hypersurfaces in toric varieties. As a result, very little is known about curve-counting theories on toroidal orbifolds. In this paper, we initiate a program to study mirror symmetry and the Landau-Ginzburg/Calabi-Yau (LG/CY) correspondence for toroidal orbifolds. We focus on the simplest example $[E^3/μ_3],$ where $…
Let $\ix$ be a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack over the complex numbers. One can define twisted orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of $\ix$ by considering multiplicative invertible characteristic classes of various bundles on the moduli spaces of stable maps $\ix_{g,n,d}$, cupping them with evaluation and cotangent line classes and then integrating against the virtual fundamental class. These are more general than the twisted invariants introduced by Tseng. We express the generating series of the twisted invariants in terms of the generating series of the untwisted ones. We derive the corollaries …
For a finite group G acting on a smooth projective variety X, we construct two new G-equivariant rings: first the stringy K-theory of X, and second the stringy cohomology of X. For a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack Y we also construct a new ring called the full orbifold K-theory of Y. For a global quotient Y=[X/G], the ring of G-invariants of the stringy K-theory of X is a subalgebra of the full orbifold K-theory of the the stack Y and is linearly isomorphic to the ``orbifold K-theory'' of Adem-Ruan (and hence Atiyah-Segal), but carries a different, ``quantum,'' product, which respects the natura…
The present paper describes a relation between the quotient of the fundamental group of a smooth quasi-projective variety by its second commutator and the existence of maps to orbifold curves. It extends previously studied cases when the target was a smooth curve. In the case when the quasi-projective variety is a complement to a plane algebraic curve this provides new relations between the fundamental group, the equation of the curve, and the existence of polynomial solutions to certain equations generalizing Pell's equation. These relations are formulated in terms of the depth which is an in…
Let $\CP^1_{k,m}$ be the orbifold structure on $\CP^1$ obtained via uniformizing the neighborhoods of 0 and $\infty$ respectively by $z\mapsto z^k$ and $w\mapsto w^m.$ The diagonal action of the torus on the projective line induces naturally an orbifold action on $\CP^1_{k,m}.$ In this paper we prove that if k and m are co-prime then Givental's prediction of the equivariant total descendent Gromov-Witten potential of $\CP^1_{k,m}$ satisfies certain Hirota Quadratic Equations (HQE for short). We also show that after an appropriate change of the variables, similar to Getzler's change in the equi…
We study open-closed orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric Deligne-Mumford (DM) stacks (with possibly non-trivial generic stabilizers and semi-projective coarse moduli spaces) relative to Lagrangian branes of Aganagic-Vafa type. We present foundational materials of enumerative geometry of stable holomorphic maps from bordered orbifold Riemann surfaces to a 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric DM stack with boundaries mapped into a Aganagic-Vafa brane. All genus open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants are defined by torus localization and depend on the choice …
Twisted Gromov-Witten invariants are intersection numbers in moduli spaces of stable maps to a manifold or orbifold X which depend in addition on a vector bundle over X and an invertible multiplicative characteristic class. Special cases are closely related to local Gromov-Witten invariants of the bundle, and to genus-zero one-point invariants of complete intersections in X. We develop tools for computing genus-zero twisted Gromov-Witten invariants of orbifolds and apply them to several examples. We prove a "quantum Lefschetz theorem" which expresses genus-zero one-point Gromov-Witten invarian…
We study in detail mirror symmetry for the quartic K3 surface in P3 and the mirror family obtained by the orbifold construction. As explained by Aspinwall and Morrison, mirror symmetry for K3 surfaces can be entirely described in terms of Hodge structures. (1) We give an explicit computation of the Hodge structures and period maps for these families of K3 surfaces. (2) We identify a mirror map, i.e. an isomorphism between the complex and symplectic deformation parameters, and explicit isomorphisms between the Hodge structures at these points. (3) We show compatibility of our mirror map with th…
The main objects under consideration in this thesis are called maps, a certain class of graphs embedded on surfaces. Our problems have a powerful relatively recent tool in common, the so-called topological recursion (TR) introduced by Chekhov, Eynard and Orantin. We call a map fully simple if it has non self-intersecting disjoint boundaries, and ordinary if such a restriction is not imposed. We study the combinatorial relation between fully simple and ordinary maps with the topology of a disk or a cylinder, which reproduces relations between moments and free cumulants established in the contex…
We study the Abramovich--Vistoli moduli space of genus zero orbifold stable maps to [Sym^2 P^2], the stack symmetric square of P^2. This compactifies the moduli space of stable maps from hyperelliptic curves to P^2, and we show that all genus zero Gromov--Witten invariants are determined from trivial enumerative geometry of hyperelliptic curves. We also show how the genus zero Gromov--Witten invariants can be used to determine the number of hyperelliptic curves of degree d and genus g interpolating 3d + 1 generic points in P^2. Comparing our method to that of Graber for calculating the same nu…
This is a survey of the author's paper arXiv:1001.0023 on "Algebraic Geometry over C-infinity rings". If X is a smooth manifold then the R-algebra C^\infty(X) of smooth functions c : X --> R is a "C-infinity ring". That is, for each smooth function f : R^n --> R there is an n-fold operation Φ_f : C^\infty(X)^n --> C^\infty(X) acting by Φ_f: (c_1,...,c_n) |--> f(c_1,...,c_n), and these operations Φ_f satisfy many natural identities. Thus, C^\infty(X) actually has a far richer structure than the obvious R-algebra structure. We explain a version of algebraic geometry in which rings or algebras ar…
We consider certain $K3$-fibered Calabi--Yau threefolds. One class of such Calabi--Yau threefolds are constructed by Hunt and Schimmrigk using twist maps. They are realized in weighted projective spaces as orbifolds of hypersurfaces. Our main goal of this paper is to investigate arithmetic properties of these Calabi--Yau threefolds. We also consider deformations of our Calabi--Yau threefolds, and we study the variation of the zeta-functions using $p$-adic rigid cohomology theory.
This article mainly aims to overview the recent efforts on developing algebraic geometry for an arbitrary compact almost complex manifold. We review the results obtained by the guiding philosophy that a statement for smooth maps between smooth manifolds in terms of René Thom's transversality should also have its counterpart in pseudoholomorphic setting without requiring genericity of the almost complex structures. These include intersection of compact almost complex submanifolds, structure of pseudoholomorphic maps, zero locus of certain harmonic forms, and eigenvalues of Laplacian. In additio…
We completely characterize genus-0 K-theoretic Gromov-Witten invariants of a compact complex algebraic manifold in terms of cohomological Gromov-Witten invariants of this manifold. This is done by applying (a virtual version of) the Kawasaki-Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch formula for expressing holomorphic Euler characteristics of orbibundles on moduli spaces of genus-0 stable maps, analyzing the sophisticated combinatorial structure of inertia stacks of such moduli spaces, and employing various quantum Riemann--Roch formulas from "fake" (i.e. orbifold-ignorant) quantum K-theory of manifold and orbif…
We present an approach to Gromov-Witten invariants that works on arbitrary (closed) symplectic manifolds. We avoid genericity arguments and take into account singular curves in the very formulation. The method is by first endowing mapping spaces from (prestable) algebraic curves into the symplectic manifold with the structure of a Banach orbifold and then exhibiting the space of stable $J$-curves (``stable maps'') as zero set of a Fredholm section of a Banach orbibundle over this space. The invariants are constructed by pairing with a homology class on the locally compact topological space of …
The rank 4 locus of a general skew-symmetric 7x7 matrix gives the pfaffian variety in P^20 which is not defined as a complete intersection. Intersecting this with a general P^6 gives a Calabi-Yau manifold. An orbifold construction seems to give the 1-parameter mirror-family of this. However, corresponding to two points in the 1-parameter family of complex structures, both with maximally unipotent monodromy, are two different mirror-maps: one corresponding to the general pfaffian section, the other to a general intersection of G(2,7) in P^20 with a P^13. Apparently, the pfaffian and G(2,7) sect…
We give a purely algebraic construction of a cohomological field theory associated with a quasihomogeneous isolated hypersurface singularity W and a subgroup G of the diagonal group of symmetries of W. This theory can be viewed as an analogue of the Gromov-Witten theory for an orbifoldized Landau-Ginzburg model for W/G. The main geometric ingredient for our construction is provided by the moduli of curves with W-structures introduced by Fan, Jarvis and Ruan. We construct certain matrix factorizations on the products of these moduli stacks with affine spaces which play a role similar to that of…
