We study the closure of the locus of radical ideals in the multigraded Hilbert scheme associated with a standard graded polynomial ring and the Hilbert function of a homogeneous coordinate ring of points in general position in projective space. In the case of projective plane, we give a sufficient condition for an ideal to be in the closure of the locus of radical ideals. For projective space of arbitrary dimension we present a necessary condition. The paper is motivated by the border apolarity lemma which connects such multigraded Hilbert schemes with the theory of ranks of polynomials.
We consider the vanishing ideal of a projective space over a finite field. An explicit set of generators for this ideal has been given by Mercier and Rolland. We show that these generators form a universal Gröbner basis of the ideal. Further we give a projective analogue of the footprint bound, and a version of it that is suitable for estimating the number of points of a projective algebraic variety over a finite field. An application to Serre's inequality for the number of rational points of projective hypersurfaces over finite fields is included
In this paper we characterize smooth complex projective varieties that admit a quadric bundle structure on some dense open subset in terms of the geometry of certain families of rational curves.
In this paper, we establish several results related to vanishing theorems for Mather-Jacobian multiplier ideals on a Gorenstein projective variety, including an injectivity theorem, a Nadel-type vanishing theorem, a Griffith-type vanishing theorem for vector bundles, and a vanishing theorem for the asymptotic Mather-Jacobian multiplier ideals.
We give necessary and sufficient criteria for a smooth Enriques surface S in P^r to be scheme-theoretically an intersection of quadrics. Moreover we prove in many cases that, when S contains plane cubic curves, the intersection of the quadrics containing S is the union of S and the 2-planes spanned by the plane cubic curves. We also give a new (very quick) proof of the projective normality of S if the degree of S is at least 12.
We introduce the concept of multiplication matrices for ideals of projective dimension zero. We discuss various applications and in particular, we give a new algorithm to compute the variety of an ideal of projective dimension zero.
We define a power series associated with a homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring, encoding information on the Segre classes defined by extensions of the ideal in projective spaces of arbitrarily high dimension. We prove that this power series is rational, with poles corresponding to generators of the ideal, and with numerator of bounded degree and with nonnegative coefficients. We also prove that this `Segre zeta function' only depends on the integral closure of the ideal. The results follow from good functoriality properties of the `shadows' of rational equivalence classes of projective bund…
A central problem in liaison theory is to decide whether every arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subscheme of projective $n$-space can be linked by a finite number of arithmetically Gorenstein schemes to a complete intersection. We show that this can be indeed achieved if the given scheme is also generically Gorenstein and we allow the links to take place in an $(n+1)$-dimensional projective space. For example, this result applies to all reduced arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subschemes. We also show that every union of fat points in projective 3-space can be linked in the same space to a union of …
If $I=(f_1,\ldots,f_r)$ is an ideal in $S=k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$, and $f_i$ are "general" elements of given degrees, there is a conjecture on the Hilbert series of $S/I$. We are considering the corresponding concepts in bigraded rings.
Reason for withdrawal: There is a serious mistake in the calculation of the divisor of the rational section used in the proof of Prop. 2.2.1., and with the correct value the argument does not work.
The module of Valabrega-Valla of the Jacobian ideal of a reduced projective variety $V$ is the torsion of the Aluffi algebra. One considers the problem of its vanishing in the case of where $V$ is a reduced set of points in the projective plane. It is shown that the module is nonzero for several cases of a special configuration class therein -- called $(s-r)$-{fold collinear configuration}. A complete classification of types is given for $5$ and $6$ points in regard to this problem.
We define the concept of an affinized projective variety and show how one can, in principle, obtain q-identities by different ways of computing the Hilbert series of such a variety. We carry out this program for projective varieties associated to quadratic monomial ideals. The resulting identities have applications in describing systems of quasi-particles containing null-states and can be interpreted as alternating sums of quasi-particle Fock space characters.
Recent work of Ein-Lazarsfeld-Smith and Hochster-Huneke raised the problem of determining which symbolic powers of an ideal are contained in a given ordinary power of the ideal. Bocci-Harbourne defined a quantity called the resurgence to address this problem for homogeneous ideals in polynomial rings, with a focus on zero dimensional subschemes of projective space; the methods and results obtained there have much less to say about higher dimensional subschemes. Here we take the first steps toward extending this work to higher dimensional subschemes. We introduce new asymptotic versions of the …
For an arithmetically Cohen--Macaulay subscheme of projective space, there is a well-known bound for the highest degree of a minimal generator for the defining ideal of the subscheme, in terms of the Hilbert function. We prove a natural extension of this bound for arbitrary locally Cohen--Macaulay subschemes. We then specialize to curves in $\pthree$, and show that the curves whose defining ideals have generators of maximal degree satisfy an interesting cohomological property. The even liaison classes possessing such curves are characterized, and we show that within an even liaison class, all …
The set of common roots of a finite set $I$ (it is an ideal) of homogeneous polynomials is known as projective algebraic set $V$. In this article I show how to dualize such projective algebraic sets $V$ by elimination of variables from a system of polynomials with the Gröbner bases method. A dualization algorithm is implemented in the computer algebra system {\sc Singular}. Some examples are given. The main diagram shows the relationship between the ideal $I$, its radical $\sqrt{I}$ and their dual ideals.
We give sufficient conditions to ensure that the ideal $Φ(\mathcal E)$ of $\mathcal E$-phantom maps in a locally $λ$-presentable exact category $(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{E})$ is (special) (pre)covering ideal, where $\mathcal E$ is an exact substructure of $(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{E})$. As a byproduct, we infer the existence of various covering ideals in categories of sheaves which have a meaningful geometrical motivation. In particular we deal with a Zariski-local notion of phantom maps in categories of sheaves. We would like to point out that our approach is necessarily different from [FGHT13], …
In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of the regularity of symbolic powers of ideals of points in a weighted projective plane. By a result of Cutkosky, Ein and Lazarsfeld, regularity of such powers behaves asymptotically like a linear function. We study the difference between regularity of such powers and this linear function. Under some conditions, we prove that this difference is bounded, or eventually periodic. As a corollary we show that, if there exists a negative curve, then the regularity of symbolic powers of a monomial space curve is eventually a periodic linear function. We …
In this paper, we study arithmetic Macaulayfication of projective schemes and Rees algebras of ideals. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a nonsingular projective scheme to have an arithmetic Macaulayfication. If the scheme is not necessarily nonsingular, we show that our condition give a sufficient condition for the existence of an arithmetic Macaulayfication. We also study truncated Rees algebra of an ideal. We show that the truncated Rees algebra R_λ(I) of an ideal I is alway Cohen-Macaulay for λlarge enough in some important situations.
We define weighted projective Reed-Muller codes over a subset of weighted projective space over a finite field. We focus on the case when the set X is a projective weighted torus. We show that the vanishing ideal of X is a lattice ideal and relate it with the lattice ideal of a minimal presentation of the semigroup algebra of Q, the numerical semigroup generated by the weights of the projective space. We compute the index of regularity of the vanishing ideal as function of the weights and the Frobenius number of Q. We compute the basic parameters of weighted projective Reed-Muller codes over a…
In arXiv:math/0405373 , Eisenbud, Huneke and Ulrich conjectured a result on the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the embedding of a projective space $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^{r-1}$ determined by generators of a linearly presented $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideal. This result implies in particular that the image is scheme defined by equations of degree at most $n$. In this text we prove that the ideal of maximal minors of the Jacobian dual matrix associated to the input ideal defines the image as a scheme; it is generated in degree $n$. Showing that this ideal has a linear resol…
Let R be the set of isomorphism classes of ideals in the Weyl algebra $A=A_{1}$, and let C be the set of isomorphism classes of triples (V; X, Y), where V is a finite-dimensional (complex) vector space, and X, Y are endomorphisms of V such that [X,Y]+I has rank 1. Following a suggestion of L. Le Bruyn, we define a map $θ: R \to C$ by appropriately extending an ideal of A to a sheaf over a quantum projective plane, and then using standard methods of homological algebra. We prove that $θ$ is inverse to a bijection $ω: C \to R$ constructed in \cite{BW} by a completely different method. The main s…
The diagonal in a product of projective spaces is cut out by the ideal of 2x2-minors of a matrix of unknowns. The multigraded Hilbert scheme which classifies its degenerations has a unique Borel-fixed ideal. This Hilbert scheme is generally reducible, and its main component is a compactification of PGL(d)^n/PGL(d). For n=2 we recover the manifold of complete collineations. For projective lines we obtain a space of trees that is irreducible but singular. All ideals in our Hilbert scheme are radical. We also explore connections to affine buildings and Deligne schemes.
We investigate the defining ideal of a set of points X in multi-projective space with a special emphasis on the case that X is in generic position, that is, X has the maximal Hilbert function. When X is in generic position, we determine the degrees of the generators of the associated ideal I_X. Letting ν(I_X) denote the minimal number of generators of I_X, we use this description of the degrees to construct a function v(s;n_1,...,n_k) with the property that ν(\Ix) >= v(s;n_1,...,n_k) always holds for s points in generic position in P^{n_1} x ... x P^{n_k}. When k=1, v(s;n_1) equals the expecte…
We show that given any polynomial ring R over a field, and any ideal J in R which is generated by three cubic forms, the projective dimension of R/J is at most 36. We also settle the question whether ideals generated by three cubic forms can have projective dimension greater than 4, by constructing one with projective dimension equal to 5.
We discuss an algorithm computing the push-forward to projective space of several classes associated to a (possibly singular, reducible, nonreduced) projective scheme. For example, the algorithm yields the topological Euler characteristic of the support of a projective scheme $S$, given the homogeneous ideal of $S$. The algorithm has been implemented in Macaulay2.
We consider the notion of mixed multiplicities for multigraded modules by using Hilbert series, and this is later applied to study the projective degrees of rational maps. We use a general framework to determine the projective degrees of a rational map via a computation of the multiplicity of the saturated special fiber ring. As specific applications, we provide explicit formulas for all the projective degrees of rational maps determined by perfect ideals of height two or by Gorenstein ideals of height three.
We parametrize the affine space of Artinian affine ideals of K[x,y] which have a given initial ideal with respect to the degree reverse lexicographic term order. The fact that the term order is degree compatible allows us to extend the parametrization to the projective case, namely zero-dimensional subschemes of the projective plane, with some extra assumption and to determine the Betti strata of these Groebner cells. This allows us to prove a formula due to A. Iarrobino for the codimension of the Betti strata of codimension two punctual schemes in the projective plane.
We describe explicitly how certain standard opens of the Hilbert scheme of points are embedded into Grassmannians. The standard opens of the Hilbert scheme that we consider are given as the intersection of a corresponding basic open affine of the Grassmannian and a closed stratum determined by a Fitting ideal.
Let $ϕ: X \to \mathbb P^n$ be a double cover branched along a smooth hypersurface of degree $2m, 2 \leq m \leq n-1$. We study the varieties of minimal rational tangents $\mathcal C_x \subset \mathbb P T_x(X)$ at a general point $x$ of $X$. We describe the homogeneous ideal of $\mathcal C_x$ and show that the projective isomorphism type of $\mathcal C_x$ varies in a maximal way as $x$ varies over general points of $X$. Our description of the ideal of $\mathbb C_x$ implies a certain rigidity property of the covering morphism $ϕ$. As an application of this rigidity, we show that any finite morphi…
In this article we introduce generalized projective spaces (Definitions $[2.1, 2.5]$) and prove three main theorems in two different contexts. In the first context we prove, in main Theorem $A$, the surjectivity of the Chinese remainder reduction map associated to the generalized projective space of an ideal with a given factorization into mutually co-maximal ideals each of which is contained in finitely many maximal ideals, using the key concept of choice multiplier hypothesis (Definition $4.11$) which is satisfied. In the second context of surjectivity of the map from $k$-dimensional special…
We prove the existence of global minimal models for rational morphisms $ϕ:{\mathbb P}^N\rightarrow{\mathbb P}^N$ of projective space defined over the field of fractions of a principal ideal domain.
For a smooth curve of genus $g$ embedded by a line bundle of degree at least $2g+3$ we show that the ideal sheaf of the secant variety is 5-regular. This bound is sharp with respect to both the degree of the embedding and the bound on the regularity. Further, we show that the secant variety is projectively normal for the generic embedding of degree at least $2g+3$. We also give a conjectural description of the resolutions of the ideals of higher secant varieties.
We study the ideals of the rational cohomology ring of the Hilbert scheme X^{[n]} of n points on a smooth projective surface X. As an application, for a large class of smooth quasi-projective surfaces X, we show that every cup product structure constant of H^*(X^{[n]}) is independent of n; moreover, we obtain two sets of ring generators for the cohomology ring H^*(X^{[n]}). Similar results are established for the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology ring of the symmetric product. In particular, we prove a ring isomorphism between H^*(X^{[n]}, C) and H^*_{orb}(X^{[n]}/S_n, C) for a large class of smoo…
We prove the existence of a compactly supported, continuous (except at finitely many points) function $g_{I, {\bf m}}: [0, \infty)\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ for all monomial prime ideals $I$ of $R$ of height one where $(R, {\bf m})$ is the homogeneous coordinate ring associated to a projectively normal toric pair $(X, D)$, such that $$\int_{0}^{\infty}g_{I, {\bf m}}(λ)dλ=β(I, {\bf m}),$$ where $β(I, {\bf m})$ is the second coefficient of the Hilbert-Kunz function of $I$ with respect to the maximal ideal ${\bf m}$, as proved by Huneke-McDermott-Monsky \cite{HMM2004}. Using the above result, fo…
We study different notions of slope of a vector bundle over a smooth projective curve with respect to ampleness and affineness in order to apply this to tight closure problems. This method gives new degree estimates from above and from below for the tight closure of a homogeneous $R_+$-primary ideal in a two-dimensional normal standard-graded algebra $R$ in terms of the minimal and the maximal slope of the sheaf of relations for some ideal generators. If moreover this sheaf of relations is semistable, then both degree estimates coincide and we get a vanishing type theorem.
In this paper we give an upper bound, in characteristic 0, for the cohomological dimension of a graded ideal in a polynomial ring such that the quotient has depth at least 3. In positive characteristic the same bound holds true by a well-known theorem of Peskine and Szpiro. As a corollary, we give new examples of prime ideals that are not set-theoretically Cohen-Macaulay.
Let X be a nonsingular arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective scheme, Z a nonsingular subscheme of X. Let π: Y --> X be the blowup of X along the ideal sheaf of Z, E_0 the pull-back of a general hyperplane in X and E the exceptional divisor. In this paper, we study projective embeddings of Y given by the divisor tE_0 - eE. We give explicit values of d and δsuch that for all e > 0 and t > ed + δ, these embeddings is projectively normal and arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. We also study the regularity of the ideal sheaf and syzygies of these embeddings. When X is a surface and Z is a 0-dimension…
Let $I$ be an ideal of the polynomial ring $A[x]=A[x_1,...,x_n]$ over the commutative, noetherian ring $A$. Geometrically $I$ defines a family of affine schemes over $\Spec(A)$: For $\p\in\Spec(A)$, the fibre over $\p$ is the closed subscheme of affine space over the residue field $k(\p)$, which is determined by the extension of $I$ under the canonical map $σ_\p:A[x]\to k(\p)[x]$. If $I$ is homogeneous there is an analogous projective setting, but again the ideal defining the fibre is $\sigI$. For a chosen term order this ideal has a unique reduced Gröbner basis which is known to contain consi…
Given a symbolic power of a homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring, we study the problem of determining which powers of the ideal contain it. For ideals defining 0-dimensional subschemes of projective space, as an immediate corollary of our previous paper (arXiv:0706.3707) we give a complete solution in terms of the least degrees of nonzero elements of the symbolic powers, under the condition that the ideal is generated in a single degree and such that that degree is the regularity of the ideal (see Corollary 1.2). Using geometric methods, we also give complete solutions for ideals of points i…
Given a finite set, $X$, of points in projective space for which the Hilbert function is known, a standard result says that there exists a subset of this finite set whose Hilbert function is ``as big as possible'' inside $X$. Given a finite set of points in projective space for which the minimal free resolution of its homogeneous ideal is known, what can be said about possible resolutions of ideals of subsets of this finite set? We first give a maximal rank type description of the most generic possible resolution of a subset. Then we show that this generic resolution is not always achieved, by…
The Klein and Wiman configurations are highly symmetric configurations of lines in the projective plane arising from complex reflection groups. One noteworthy property of these configurations is that all the singularities of the configuration have multiplicity at least three. In this paper we study the surface X obtained by blowing up the projective plane in the singular points of one of these line configurations. We study invariant curves on X in detail, with a particular emphasis on curves of negative self-intersection. We use the representation theory of the stabilizers of the singular poin…
We formulate problems of tight closure theory in terms of projective bundles and subbundles. This provides a geometric interpretation of such problems and allows us to apply intersection theory to them. This yields new results concerning the tight closure of a primary ideal in a two-dimensional graded domain.
Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field. There has been much interest in characterizing multiple structures in $¶^n_K$ defined on a linear subspace of small codimension under additional assumptions (e.g. Cohen-Macaulay). We show that no such finite characterization of multiple structures is possible if one only assumes Serre's $(S_1)$ property holds. Specifically, we prove that for any positive integers $h, e \ge 2$ with $(h,e) \neq (2,2)$ and $p \ge 5$ there is a homogeneous ideal $I$ in a polynomial ring over $K$ such that (1) the height of $I$ is $h$, (2) the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of…
In this paper, necessary and sufficient criteria for the Jacobian ideal of a reduced hypersurface with isolated singularity to be of linear type, are presented. We prove that the gradient ideal of a reduced projective plane curve with simple singularities ($\mathrm{ADE}$) is of linear type. We show that any reduced projective quartic curve is of gradient linear type.
Let $V(I)$ be a polarized projective variety or a subvariety of a product of projective spaces and let $A$ be its (multi-)homogeneous coordinate ring. Given a full-rank valuation $\mathfrak v$ on $A$ we associate weights to the coordinates of the projective space, respectively, the product of projective spaces. Let $w_{\mathfrak v}$ be the vector whose entries are these weights. Our main result is that the value semi-group of $\mathfrak v$ is generated by the images of the generators of $A$ if and only if the initial ideal of $I$ with respect to $w_{\mathfrak v}$ is prime. We further show that…
We introduce and study the minimum distance function of a graded ideal in a polynomial ring with coefficients in a field, and show that it generalizes the minimum distance of projective Reed-Muller-type codes over finite fields. This gives an algebraic formulation of the minimum distance of a projective Reed-Muller-type code in terms of the algebraic invariants and structure of the underlying vanishing ideal. Then we give a method, based on Groebner bases and Hilbert functions, to find lower bounds for the minimum distance of certain Reed-Muller-type codes. Finally we show explicit upper bound…
