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arXiv 2007.15644math.NTmath.DS
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有界乘性函数在平均短区间上的高一致性

Higher uniformity of bounded multiplicative functions in short intervals on average

Kaisa Matomäki, Maksym Radziwiłł, Terence Tao, Joni Teräväinen, Tamar Ziegler

摘要:

令$λ$表示Liouville函数。我们表明,作为$X \rightarrow \infty$,$$\int_{X}^{2X} \sup_{\substack{P(Y)\in \mathbb{R}[Y]\\ deg(P)\leq k}} \Big | \sum_{x \leq n \leq x + H} λ(n) e(-P(n)) \Big |\ dx = o ( X H)$$为所有固定的$k$和$X^θ \leq H \leq X$与$0 < θ< 1$固定,但任意小。以前,这仅适用于$k \leq 1$。我们得到这个结果作为一个特殊的情况下,相应的声明(非自命不凡)$1$有界乘性函数,我们证明。事实上,我们能够用次数$k$零序列$\overline{F}(g(n) Γ)$代替多项式相位$e(-P(n))$。通过Gowers范数的逆理论,这意味着在$H$的相同范围内高阶渐近一致性结果$$\int_{X}^{2X} \| λ\|_{U^{k+1}([x,x+H])}\ dx = o ( X )$$。我们目前的应用程序,这一结果的各种类型的刘维尔序列的模式。首先,我们证明了Liouville函数的符号模式数是超多项式,从而改进了Sarnak关于Liouville序列具有正熵的猜想。其次,我们得到的$λ$在短多项式级数$(n+P_1(m),\ldots, n+P_k(m))$,在线性多项式的情况下,产生一个新的平均版本的Chowla猜想的平均取消。事实上,我们能够证明我们的结果在更广泛的范围内的多项式相位$H\geq \exp((\log X)^{5/8+\varepsilon})$,从而加强以前的工作也傅立叶均匀性的刘维函数。

英文摘要:

Let $λ$ denote the Liouville function. We show that, as $X \rightarrow \infty$, $$\int_{X}^{2X} \sup_{\substack{P(Y)\in \mathbb{R}[Y]\\ deg(P)\leq k}} \Big | \sum_{x \leq n \leq x + H} λ(n) e(-P(n)) \Big |\ dx = o ( X H)$$ for all fixed $k$ and $X^θ \leq H \leq X$ with $0 < θ< 1$ fixed but arbitrarily small. Previously this was only established for $k \leq 1$. We obtain this result as a special case of the corresponding statement for (non-pretentious) $1$-bounded multiplicative functions that we prove. In fact, we are able to replace the polynomial phases $e(-P(n))$ by degree $k$ nilsequences $\overline{F}(g(n) Γ)$. By the inverse theory for the Gowers norms this implies the higher order asymptotic uniformity result $$\int_{X}^{2X} \| λ\|_{U^{k+1}([x,x+H])}\ dx = o ( X )$$ in the same range of $H$. We present applications of this result to patterns of various types in the Liouville sequence. Firstly, we show that the number of sign patterns of the Liouville function is superpolynomial, making progress on a conjecture of Sarnak about the Liouville sequence having positive entropy. Secondly, we obtain cancellation in averages of $λ$ over short polynomial progressions $(n+P_1(m),\ldots, n+P_k(m))$, which in the case of linear polynomials yields a new averaged version of Chowla's conjecture. We are in fact able to prove our results on polynomial phases in the wider range $H\geq \exp((\log X)^{5/8+\varepsilon})$, thus strengthening also previous work on the Fourier uniformity of the Liouville function.

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