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arXiv 1403.0945math.NTmath.COmath.DS
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乘性函数的高阶傅里叶分析及其应用

Higher order Fourier analysis of multiplicative functions and applications

Nikos Frantzikinakis, Bernard Host

摘要:

我们证明了一个结构定理的乘性函数,其中规定,一个任意有界乘法函数可以分解成两个条款,一个是近似周期性的,另一个具有小的Gowers均匀性规范的任意程度。证明使用高阶傅里叶分析的工具和一些软数论输入,这些输入以Kátai正交准则的形式出现。我们使用这个结构定理的变体来推导数论和组合风格的应用:$(i)$我们给出了Gowers范数的简单的充要条件(在$\mathbb{N}$上)证明了乘性函数对“无理”零序列的渐近正交性,$(ii)$推广了Daboussi和Delange的一个经典结果,$(iii)$我们证明了对于某些二元多项式,所有的“非周期”乘性函数满足Chowla的零均值猜想,$(iv)$我们给出了三元齐次二次方程的第一个剖分正则性结果,例如,在整数的每一个剖分上,属于相同小区的不同$x,y$和$λ\in \mathbb{N}$,使得$16x^2+9y^2=λ^2$和相同的等式$x^2-xy+y^2=λ^2$成立。

英文摘要:

We prove a structure theorem for multiplicative functions which states that an arbitrary bounded multiplicative function can be decomposed into two terms, one that is approximately periodic and another that has small Gowers uniformity norm of an arbitrary degree. The proof uses tools from higher order Fourier analysis and some soft number theoretic input that comes in the form of an orthogonality criterion of Kátai. We use variants of this structure theorem to derive applications of number theoretic and combinatorial flavor: $(i)$ we give simple necessary and sufficient conditions for the Gowers norms (over $\mathbb{N}$) of a bounded multiplicative function to be zero, $(ii)$ generalizing a classical result of Daboussi and Delange we prove asymptotic orthogonality of multiplicative functions to "irrational" nilsequences, $(iii)$ we prove that for certain polynomials in two variables all "aperiodic" multiplicative functions satisfy Chowla's zero mean conjecture, $(iv)$ we give the first partition regularity results for homogeneous quadratic equations in three variables showing for example that on every partition of the integers into finitely many cells there exist distinct $x,y$ belonging to the same cell and $λ\in \mathbb{N}$ such that $16x^2+9y^2=λ^2$ and the same holds for the equation $x^2-xy+y^2=λ^2$.

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