In this paper, we construct a higher rank Euler system for the multiplicative group over a totally real field by using the Iwasawa main conjecture proved by Wiles. A key ingredient of the construction is to generalize the notion of the characteristic ideal. Under certain technical assumptions, we prove that all higher Fitting ideals of a certain $p$-ramified Iwasawa module are described by analytic invariants canonically associated with Stickelberger elements.
We formulate, and provide strong evidence for, a natural generalization of a conjecture of Robert Coleman concerning Euler systems for the multiplicative group over arbitrary number fields.
Euler wrote a formula expressing that l(n)/n is a completely multiplicative function with sum 0 (a CMO function) , where l(n) is the completely multiplicative function equal to -1 on the prime numbers (the Liouville function). We extend this formula to Beurling generalized numbers, using a result of Diamond. As an application we show how to construct a CMO function carried by a set of integers whose counting function is of the form D x^a (1+o(1) ) for any a between 0 and 1.
We describe a refinement of the general theory of higher rank Euler, Kolyvagin and Stark systems in the setting of the multiplicative group over arbitrary number fields. We use the refined theory to prove new results concerning the Galois structure of ideal class groups and the validity of both the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture and of the `refined class number formula' that has been conjectured by Mazur and Rubin and by Sano. In contrast to previous work in this direction, these results require no hypotheses on the decomposition behaviour of places that are intended to rule out the ex…
The generalized group of units of the ring modulo $n$ was first introduced by El-Kassar and Chehade, written as $U^k(Z_n)$. This allows us to formulate a new generalization to the Euler phi function $φ(n)$, that represents the order of $% U^k(Z_n)$ and it is denoted by $φ^{k}(n).$ In this paper, we introduce this newly defined function, where we compute its explicit form and examine some of its properties similar to that of $φ(n)$. In addition, we study some generalized equations involving $φ^{k}(n)$ where complete solution is given for some equations by considering the general case and others…
The goal of this paper is to illustrate different approaches to understand Euler characteristics in the setting of totally real commutative and non-commutative Iwasawa theory. In addition to this, and in the spirit of Hesselholt and Mitchell, we show how these objects interact with homotopy theoretic invariants such as ($K(1)$-local) $K$-theory and Topological Cyclic homology.
In this paper, we study the module of Euler systems. We determine the ideal of an Iwasawa algebra associated with Euler systems of rank $0$. We also show that the module of higher rank Euler systems for $\mathbb{G}_{m}$ over a totally real field is free of rank $1$ under the assumptions that Greenberg conjecture holds true and that the $μ$-invariant of a certain Iwasawa module vanishes.
A set S of integers is said to be multiplicative if for every pair m and n of coprime integers we have that mn is in S iff both m and n are in S. Both Landau and Ramanujan gave approximations to S(x), the number of n<=x that are in S, for specific choices of S. The asymptotical precision of their respective approaches are being compared and related to Euler-Kronecker constants, a generalization of Euler's constant gamma=0.57721566.... This paper claims little originality, its aim is to give a survey on the literature related to this theme with an emphasis on the contributions of the author (an…
We propose a generic algorithm for computing the inverses of a multiplicative function under the assumption that the set of inverses is finite. More generally, our algorithm can compute certain functions of the inverses, such as their power sums (e.g., cardinality) or extrema, without direct enumeration of the inverses. We illustrate our algorithm with Euler's totient function $φ(\cdot)$ and the $k$-th power sum of divisors $σ_k(\cdot)$. For example, we can establish that the number of solutions to $σ_1(x) = 10^{1000}$ is 15,512,215,160,488,452,125,793,724,066,873,737,608,071,476, while it is …
Bertolini-Darmon and Mok proved a formula of the second derivative of the two-variable $p$-adic $L$-function of a modular elliptic curve over a totally real field along the Hida family in terms of the image of a global point by some $p$-adic logarithm map. The theory of $p$-adic indefinite integrals and $p$-adic multiplicative integrals on $p$-adic upper half planes plays an important role in their work. In this paper, we generalize these integrals for $p$-adic measures which are not necessarily $\mathbf{Z}$-valued, and prove a formula of the second derivative of the two-variable $p$-adic $L$-…
Given a finitely generated multiplicative subgroup of rational numbers $Γ$, assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we determine an asymptotic formula for average over prime numbers, powers of the order of the reduction group modulo $p$. The problem was considered in the case of rank $1$ by Pomerance and Kurlberg. In the case when $Γ$ contains only positive numbers, we give an explicit expression for the involved density in terms of an Euler product. We conclude with some numerical computations.
In this note we prove that for every integer $d \geq 1$, there exists an explicit constant $B_d$ such that the following holds. Let $K$ be a number field of degree $d$, let $q > \max\{d-1,5\}$ be any rational prime that is totally inert in $K$ and $E$ any elliptic curve defined over $K$ such that $E$ has potentially multiplicative reduction at the prime $\mathfrak q$ above $q$. Then for every rational prime $p> B_d$, $E$ has an irreducible mod $p$ Galois representation. This result has Diophantine applications within the "modular method". We present one such application in the form of an Asymp…
In this paper we introduce and study a family $Φ_k$ of arithmetic functions generalizing Euler's totient function. These functions are given by the number of solutions to the equation $\gcd(x_1^2+\ldots +x_k^2, n)=1$ with $x_1,\ldots,x_k \in {\mathbb{Z}}/n{\mathbb{Z}}$ which, for $k=2,4$ and $8$ coincide, respectively, with the number of units in the rings of Gaussian integers, quaternions and octonions over ${\mathbb{Z}}/n{\mathbb{Z}}$. We prove that $Φ_k$ is multiplicative for every $k$, we obtain an explicit formula for $Φ_k(n)$ in terms of the prime-power decomposition of $n$ and derive an…
We establish precise relations between Euler systems that are respectively associated to a $p$-adic representation $T$ and to its Kummer dual $T^*(1)$. Upon appropriate specialization of this general result, we are able to deduce the existence of an Euler system of rank $[K:\mathbb{Q}]$ over a totally real field $K$ that both interpolates the values of the Dedekind zeta function of $K$ at all positive even integers and also determines all higher Fitting ideals of the Selmer groups of $\mathbb{G}_m$ over abelian extensions of $K$. This construction in turn motivates the formulation of a precise…
Let $V$ be a projective limit, with respect to the renormalized norm mappings, of the groups of principal units corresponding to a strictly increasing sequence of finite separable totally and tamely ramified Galois extensions of a local field. We study the structure of the dual group $V'$, introduce and investigate a fractional differentiation operator on $V$, and the corresponding Lévy process. Part I: Potential Anal., 10 (1999), 305-325.
We prove modularity of some two dimensional, 2-adic Galois representations over totally real fields that are nearly ordinary and that are residually dihedral. We do this by employing the strategy of Skinner and Wiles, using Hida families, together with the 2-adic patching method of Khare and Wintenberger. As an application we deduce modularity of some elliptic curves over totally real fields that have good ordinary or multiplicative reduction at places above 2.
Let $F/K$ be an abelian extension of number fields with $F$ either CM or totally real and $K$ totally real. If $F$ is CM and the Brumer-Stark conjecture holds for $F/K$, we construct a family of $G(F/K)$--equivariant Hecke characters for $F$ with infinite type equal to a special value of certain $G(F/K)$--equivariant $L$-functions. Using results of Greither-Popescu on the Brumer-Stark conjecture we construct $l$-adic imprimitive versions of these characters, for primes $l> 2$. Further, the special values of these $l$-adic Hecke characters are used to construct $G(F/K)$-equivariant Stickelberge…
For an abelian totally real number field $F$ and an odd prime number $p$ which splits totally in $F$, we present a functorial approach to special "$p$-units" previously built by D. Solomon using "wild" Euler systems. This allows us to prove a conjecture of Solomon on the annihilation of the $p$-class group of $F$ (in the particular context here), as well as related annihilation results and index formulae.
In an earlier article we proved the existence of a canonical Kolyvagin derivative homomorphism between the modules of Euler and Kolyvagin systems (in any given rank) that are associated to $p$-adic representations over number fields. We now explain how the existence of such a homomorphism leads to new results on the structure of the Selmer modules of Galois representations over Gorenstein orders and to a strategy for verifying (refinements of) the Tamagawa number conjecture of Bloch and Kato. We describe concrete applications relating to the multiplicative group over arbitrary number fields an…
Let E be a quadratic extension of a totally real number field. We construct Stickelberger elements for Hilbert modular forms of parallel weight 2 in anticyclotomic extensions of E. Extending methods developed by Dasgupta and Spieß from the multiplicative group to an arbitrary one-dimensional torus we bound the order of vanishing of these Stickelberger elements from below and, in the analytic rank zero situation, we give a description of their leading terms via automorphic L-invariants. If the field E is totally imaginary, we use the p-adic uniformization of Shimura curves to show the equality …
Kurihara established a refinement of the minus-part of the Iwasawa main conjecture for totally real number fields using the higher Fitting ideals. In this paper, we study the higher Fitting ideals of the plus-part of the Iwasawa module associated to the cyclotomic Z_p-extension of Q(μ_p) for an odd prime number p by similar methods as in Kurihara's work. We define the higher cyclotomic ideals C_i, which are ideals of the Iwasawa algebra defined by the Kolyvagin derivatives of cyclotomic units, and prove that they give upper bounds of the higher Fitting ideals. Our result can be regarded as a r…
We investigate a question of Burns and Sano concerning the structure of the module of Euler systems for a general $p$-adic representation. Assuming the weak Leopoldt conjecture, and the vanishing of $μ$-invariants of natural Iwasawa modules, we obtain an Iwasawa-theoretic classification criterion for Euler systems which can be used to study this module. This criterion, taken together with Coleman's conjecture on circular distributions, leads us to pose a refinement of the aforementioned question for which we provide strong, and unconditional, evidence. We furthermore answer this question in th…
The Eichler-Shimura isomorphism realizes the automorphic representation generated by an automorphic newform in certain cohomology of an arithmetic group. In this short note, we give a cohomological interpretation of the Eichler-Shimura isomorphism as a connection morphism of certain exact sequence of G-modules, for the multiplicative group G of any quaternion algebra over a totally real field.
Let $E$ be a modular elliptic curve over a totally real cubic field. We have a cubic-triple product motive over $\mathbb{Q}$ constructed from $E$ through multiplicative induction; it is of rank $8$. We show that, under certain assumptions on $E$, the non-vanishing of the central critical value of the $L$-function attached to the motive implies that the dimension of the associated Bloch-Kato Selmer group is $0$.
Analogously to primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli, we can study primes that are totally split in extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ of high degree. Motivated by a question of Kowalski we focus on the extensions $\mathbb{Q}(E[d])$ obtained by adjoining the coordinates of $d$-torsion points of a non-CM elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$. A prime $p$ is said to be an outside prime of $E$ if it is totally split in $\mathbb{Q}(E[d])$ for some $d$ with $p<|\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}(E[d])/\mathbb{Q})| = d^{4-o(1)}$ (so that $p$ is not accounted for by the expected main term in the Chebotarev Density Th…
For a CM abelian extension $F/K$ of an arbitrary totally real number field $K$, we construct the Stickelberger splitting maps (in the sense of \cite{Ba1}) for both the étale and the Quillen $K$--theory of $F$ and we use these maps to construct Euler systems in the even Quillen $K$--theory of $F$. The Stickelberger splitting maps give an immediate proof of the annihilation of the groups of divisible elements $div K_{2n}(F)_l$ of the even $K$--theory of the top field by higher Stickelberger elements, for all odd primes $l$. This generalizes the results of \cite{Ba1}, which only deals with CM abe…
For every modulus $q\ge3$, we define a family of subsets $\mathcal{A}$ of the multiplicative group $(\mathbb{Z}/{q}\mathbb{Z})^\times$ for which the Euler product $\prod_{p\text{mod}q\in\mathcal{A}}(1-p^{-s})$ can be computed in double exponential time, where $s>1$ is some given real number. We provide a Sage script to do so, and extend our result to compute Euler products $\prod_{p\in\mathcal{A}}F(1/p)/G(1/p)$ where $F$ and $G$ are polynomials with real coefficients, when this product converges absolutely. This enables us to give precise values of several Euler products intervening in Number …
