Let $G$ be the circulant graph $C_n(S)$ with $S \subseteq \{1, 2, \dots, \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor\}$, and let $I(G)$ denote the edge ideal in the polynomial ring $R=\mathbb{K}[x_0, x_1, \dots, x_{n-1}]$ over a field $\mathbb{K}$. In this paper, we compute the $\mathbb{N}$-graded Betti numbers of the edge ideals of three families of circulant graphs $C_n(1,2,\dots,\widehat{j},\dots,\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor)$, $C_{lm}(1,2,\dots,\widehat{2l},\dots, \widehat{3l},\dots,\lfloor \frac{lm}{2} \rfloor)$ and $C_{lm}(1,2,\dots,\widehat{l},\dots,\widehat{2l},\dots, \widehat{3l},\dots,\lfloor \frac{lm}{2} \rfloor)$. Other algebraic and combinatorial properties like regularity, projective dimension, induced matching number and when such graphs are well-covered, Cohen-Macaulay, Sequentially Cohen-Macaulay, Buchsbaum and $S_2$ are also discussed.
Let $S$ be a polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$ of characteristic $0$. A numerical characterization of all possible extremal Betti numbers of any graded submodule of a finitely generated graded free $S$-module is given.
The conjecture of Kalai, Kleinschmidt, and Lee on the number of empty simplices of a simplicial polytope is established by relating it to the first graded Betti numbers of the polytope. The proof allows us to derive explicit optimal bounds on the number of empty simplices of any given dimension. As a key result, we prove optimal bounds for the graded Betti numbers of any standard graded K-algebra in terms of its Hilbert function.
Graded Betti numbers of graded Möbius algebras of uniform matroids
New Mexico State University（新墨西哥州立大学）；Iowa State University（爱荷华州立大学）；Bryn Mawr College（布林莫尔学院）；University of Nebraska-Lincoln（内布拉斯加大学林肯分校）；Marshall Univeristy（马歇尔大学）；Western University（韦仕敦大学）
We prove upper bounds for the graded Betti numbers of Stanley-Reisner rings of balanced simplicial complexes. Along the way we show bounds for Cohen-Macaulay graded rings $S/I$, where $S$ is a polynomial ring and $I\subseteq S$ is an homogeneous ideal containing a certain number of generators in degree 2, including the squares of the variables. Using similar techniques we provide upper bounds for the number of linear syzygies for Stanley-Reisner of balanced normal pseudomanifolds. Moreover, we compute explicitly the graded Betti numbers of cross-polytopal stacked spheres, and show that they on…
We give a bijective proof that the Betti numbers of a minimal free resolution of the Stanley-Reisner ring of a cycle graph (viewed as a one-dimensional simplicial complex) are given by the number of standard Young tableaux of a given shape.
Let $Γ$ be a rooted tree and let $t$ be a positive integer. We study algebraic invariants and properties of the path ideal generated by monomial corresponding to paths of length $(t-1)$ in $Γ$. In particular, we give a recursive formula to compute the graded Betti numbers, a general bound for the regularity, an explicit computation of the linear strand, and we characterize when this path ideal has a linear resolution.
This paper examines the one-to-one-to-one correspondence between threshold graphs, Betti numbers of quotients of polynomial rings by $2$-linear ideals, and anti-lecture hall compositions. In particular, we establish new explicit combinatorial mappings between each of these classes of objects and calculate the expected values of the Betti numbers and anti-lecture hall composition corresponding to a random threshold graph.
We present various facts on the graded Betti table of a projectively embedded toric surface, expressed in terms of the combinatorics of its defining lattice polygon. These facts include explicit formulas for a number of entries, as well as a lower bound on the length of the linear strand that we conjecture to be sharp (and prove to be so in several special cases). We also present an algorithm for determining the graded Betti table of a given toric surface by explicitly computing its Koszul cohomology, and report on an implementation in SageMath. This works well for ambient projective spaces of…
Let S be a polynomial ring and R=S/I where I is a graded ideal of S. The Multiplicity Conjecture of Herzog, Huneke, and Srinivasan which was recently proved using the Boij-Soederberg theory states that the multiplicity of R is bounded above by a function of the maximal shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R over S as well as bounded below by a function of the minimal shifts if R is Cohen-Macaulay. In this paper we study the related problem to show that the total Betti-numbers of R are also bounded above by a function of the shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R as well a…
Given finite simple graph one can associate the edge ideal. In this paper we discuss the non-vanishingness of the graded Betti numbers of edge ideals in terms of the original graph. In particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a chordal graph on which the graded Betti number does not vanish and characterize the graded Betti number for a forest. Moreover we characterize the projective dimension for a chordal graph.
We use the correspondence between hypergraphs and their associated edge ideals to study the minimal graded free resolution of squarefree monomial ideals. The theme of this paper is to understand how the combinatorial structure of a hypergraph H appears within the resolution of its edge ideal I(H). We discuss when recursive formulas to compute the graded Betti numbers of I(H) in terms of its sub-hypergraphs can be obtained; these results generalize our previous work on the edge ideals of simple graphs. We introduce a class of hypergraphs, which we call properly-connected, that naturally general…
We introduce a new class of monomial ideals which we call symmetric shifted ideals. Symmetric shifted ideals are fixed by the natural action of the symmetric group and, within the class of monomial ideals fixed by this action, they can be considered as an analogue of stable monomial ideals within the class of monomial ideals. We show that a symmetric shifted ideal has linear quotients and compute its (equivariant) graded Betti numbers. As an application of this result, we obtain several consequences for graded Betti numbers of symbolic powers of defining ideals of star configurations.
We demonstrate that the Betti numbers associated to an N-graded minimal free resolution of the Stanley-Reisner ring of the (d-1)-skeleton of a simplicial complex of dimension d can be expressed as a Z-linear combination of the corresponding Betti numbers of the complex itself. An immediate implication of our main result is that the projective dimension of the Stanley-Reisner ring of the (d-1)-skeleton is at most one greater than the projective dimension of the Stanley-Reisner ring of the original complex, and it thus provides a new and direct proof of this. Our result extends immediately to ma…
We introduce to the context of multigraded modules the methods of modules over categories from algebraic topology and homotopy theory. We develop the basic theory quite generally, with a view toward future applications to a wide class of graded modules over graded rings. The main application in this paper is to study the Betti poset B=B(I,k) of a monomial ideal I in the polynomial ring R=k[x_1,...,x_m] over a field k, which consists of all degrees in Z^m of the homogeneous basis elements of the free modules in the minimal free Z^m-graded resolution of I over R. We show that the order simplicia…
In this note we consider monoidal complexes and their associated algebras, called toric face rings. These rings generalize Stanley-Reisner rings and affine monoid algebras. We compute initial ideals of the presentation ideal of a toric face ring, and determine its graded Betti numbers. Our results generalize celebrated theorems of Hochster in combinatorial commutative algebra.
We provide some new conditions under which the graded Betti numbers of a monomial ideal can be computed in terms of the graded Betti numbers of smaller ideals, thus complementing Eliahou and Kervaire's splitting approach. As applications, we show that edge ideals of graphs are splittable, and we provide an iterative method for computing the Betti numbers of the cover ideals of Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs. Finally, we consider the frequency with which one can find particular splittings of monomial ideals and raise questions about ideals whose resolutions are characteristic-dependent.
We study the dependence of graded Betti numbers of monomial ideals on the characteristic of the base field. The examples we describe include bipartite ideals, Stanley--Reisner ideals of vertex-decomposable complexes and ideals with componentwise linear resolutions. We give a description of bipartite graphs and, using discrete Morse theory, provide a way of looking at the homology of arbitrary simplicial complexes through bipartite ideals. We also prove that the Betti table of a monomial ideal over the field of rational numbers can be obtained from the Betti table over any field by a sequence o…
Given a finite simple graph one can associate the edge ideal. In this paper we prove that a graded Betti number of the edge ideal does not vanish if the original graph contains a set of complete bipartite subgraphs with some conditions. Also we give a combinatorial description for the projective dimension of the edge ideals of unmixed bipartite graphs.
For a simplicial complex $Δ$, the graded Betti number $β_{i,j}(k[Δ])$ of the Stanley-Reisner ring $k[Δ]$ over a field $k$ has a combinatorial interpretation due to Hochster. Terai and Hibi showed that if $Δ$ is the boundary complex of a $d$-dimensional stacked polytope with $n$ vertices for $d\geq3$, then $β_{k-1,k}(k[Δ])=(k-1)\binom{n-d}{k}$. We prove this combinatorially.
A monomial ideal $I$ admits a Betti splitting $I=J+K$ if the Betti numbers of $I$ can be determined in terms of the Betti numbers of the ideals $J,K$ and $J \cap K$. Given a monomial ideal $I$, we prove that $I=J+K$ is a Betti splitting of $I$, provided $J$ and $K$ are componentwise linear, generalizing a result of Francisco, Hà and Van Tuyl. If $I$ has a linear resolution, the converse also holds. We apply this result recursively to the Alexander dual of vertex-decomposable, shellable and constructible simplicial complexes and to determine the graded Betti numbers of the defining ideal of thr…
We describe the Betti numbers of the edge ideals $I(G)$ of uniform hypergraphs $G$ such that $I(G)$ has linear graded free resolution. We give an algebraic equation system and some inequalities for the components of the $f$--vector of the clique complex of an arbitrary chordal graph. Finally we present an explicit formula for the multiplicity of the Stanley-Reisner ring of the edge ideals of any chordal graph.
We compute the graded Betti numbers for the toric ideal of a family of graphs constructed by adjoining a cycle to a complete bipartite graph. The key observation is that this family admits an initial ideal which has linear quotients. As a corollary, we compute the Hilbert series and $h$-vector for all the toric ideals of graphs in this family.
In a first part of this paper, we prove constancy of the canonical graded Betti table among the smooth curves in linear systems on Gorenstein weak Fano toric surfaces. In a second part, we show that Green's canonical syzygy conjecture holds for all smooth curves of genus at most 32 or Clifford index at most 6 on arbitrary toric surfaces. Conversely we use known results on Green's conjecture (due to Lelli-Chiesa) to obtain new facts about graded Betti tables of projectively embedded toric surfaces.
We present two new problems on lower bounds for resolution Betti numbers of monomial ideals generated in a fixed degree. The first concerns any such ideal and bounds the total Betti numbers, while the second concerns ideals that are quadratic and bihomogeneous with respect to two variable sets, but gives a more finely graded lower bound. These problems are solved for certain classes of ideals that generalize (in two different directions) the edge ideals of threshold graphs and Ferrers graphs. In the process, we produce particularly simple cellular linear resolutions for strongly stable and squ…
To a matroid M with n edges, we associate the so-called facet ideal F(M) generated by monomials corresponding to bases of M. We show that the Betti numbers related to an N-graded minimal free resolution of F(M) are determined by the Betti numbers related to the blocks of M. Similarly, we show that the higher weight hierarchy of M is determined by the weight hierarchies of the blocks, as well. Drawing on these results, we show that when M is the cycle matroid of a cactus graph, the Betti numbers determine the higher weight hierarchy -- and vice versa. Finally, we demonstrate by way of counterex…
Let $G$ and $H$ be two simple graphs and let $G*H$ denotes the graph theoretical product of $G$ by $H$. In this paper we provide some results on graded Betti numbers, Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, projective dimension, $h$-vector, and Hilbert series of $G*H$ in terms of that information of $G$ and $H$. To do this, we will provide explicit formulae to compute graded Betti numbers, $h$-vector, and Hilbert series of disjoint union of complexes. Also we will prove that the family of graphs whose regularity equal the maximum number of pairwise $3$-disjoint edges, is closed under product of graphs…
We present a new proof of the monomial case of Wilmes' conjecture, which gives a formula for the coarsely-graded Betti numbers of the G-parking function ideal in terms of maximal parking functions of contractions of G. Our proof is via poset topology and relies on a theorem of Gasharov, Peeva, and Welker that connects the Betti numbers of a monomial ideal to the topology of its lcm-lattice.
Consider an ideal $I\subset K[x_1,..., x_n]$, with $K$ an arbitrary field, generated by monomials of degree two. Assuming that $I$ does not have a linear resolution, we determine the step $s$ of the minimal graded free resolution of $I$ where nonlinear syzygies first appear, we show that at this step of the resolution nonlinear syzygies are concentrated in degree $s+3$, and we compute the corresponding graded Betti number $β_{s,s+3}$. The multidegrees of these nonlinear syzygies are also determined and the corresponding multigraded Betti numbers are shown to be all equal to 1.
We focus in this paper on edge ideals associated to bipartite graphs and give a combinatorial characterization of those having regularity 3. When the regularity is strictly bigger than 3, we determine the first step $i$ in the minimal graded free resolution where there exists a minimal generator of degree $>i+3$, show that at this step the highest degree of a minimal generator is $i+4$, and determine the value of the corresponding graded Betti number $β_{i,i+4}$ in terms of the combinatorics of the associated bipartite graph. The results can then be easily extended to the non-squarefree case t…
Let $k$ be a field and $R=k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]/I=S/I$ a graded ring. Then $R$ has a $t$-linear resolution if $I$ is generated by homogeneous elements of degree $t$, and all higher syzygies are linear. Thus $R$ has a $t$-linear resolution if ${\rm Tor}^S_{i,j}(S/I,k)=0$ if $j\ne i+t-1$. For a simplicial complex $Δ$ on $[{\bf n}]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$ and a field $k$, the Stanley-Reisner ring $k[Δ]$ is $k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]/I$, where $I$ is generated by those squarefree monomials $x_{i_1}\cdots x_{i_k}$ for which $\{ i_1,\ldots,i_k\}$ does not belong to $Δ$. In \cite{Fr} the Stanley-Reisner rings with 2-lin…
We study algebraic and homological properties of facet ideals of order complexes of posets which we call ideals of maximal flags of posets or simply flag ideals. We characterize the unmixed and Cohen-Macaulay flag ideals of graded posets. We also give structural results for the multigraded Betti numbers of flag ideals of such posets. The structural results on multigraded Betti numbers of flag ideals are used to characterize the class of flag ideals with linear resolutions.
We study a variation of Bagchi and Datta's $σ$-vector of a simplicial complex $C$, whose entries are defined as weighted averages of Betti numbers of induced subcomplexes of $C$. We show that these invariants satisfy an Alexander-Dehn-Sommerville type identity, and behave nicely under natural operations on triangulated manifolds and spheres such as connected sums and bistellar flips. In the language of commutative algebra, the invariants are weighted sums of graded Betti numbers of the Stanley-Reisner ring of $C$. This interpretation implies, by a result of Adiprasito, that the Billera-Lee sph…
For a graph $G$, Postnikov-Shapiro \cite{PS04} construct two ideals $I_G$ and $J_G.$ $I_G$ is a monomial ideal and $J_G$ is generated by powers of linear forms. They proved the equality of their Hilbert series and conjectured that the graded Betti numbers are equal. When $G=K_{n+1}^{l,k}$ is the complete graph on the vertices $\{0,1,\cdots, n\}$ with the edges $e_{i, j},$ $i, j\neq 0,$ of multiplicity $k$ and the edges $e_{0, i}$ of multiplicity $l,$ for two non-negative integers $k$ and $l,$ they gave an explicit formula for the graded Betti numbers of $I_G,$ which are conjecturally the same …
Let I(G) be the edge ideal associated to a simple graph G. We study the graded Betti numbers that appear in the linear strand of the minimal free resolution of I(G).
