Combinatorial shifting and graded Betti numbers

Graded Expectations: Betti numbers and anti-lecture hall compositions of random threshold graphs

This paper examines the one-to-one-to-one correspondence between threshold graphs, Betti numbers of quotients of polynomial rings by $2$-linear ideals, and anti-lecture hall compositions. In particular, we establish new explicit combinatorial mappings between each of these classes of objects and calculate the expected values of the Betti numbers and anti-lecture hall composition corresponding to a random threshold graph.

Graded Betti numbers of good filtrations

The asymptotic behavior of graded Betti numbers of powers of homogeneous ideals in a polynomial ring over a field has recently been reviewed. We extend quasi polynomial behavior of graded Betti numbers of powers of homogenous ideals to Z-graded algebra over Notherian local ring. Furthermore our main result treats the Betti table of filtrations which is finite or integral over the Rees algebra.

Betti numbers and shifts in minimal graded free resolutions

Let S be a polynomial ring and R=S/I where I is a graded ideal of S. The Multiplicity Conjecture of Herzog, Huneke, and Srinivasan which was recently proved using the Boij-Soederberg theory states that the multiplicity of R is bounded above by a function of the maximal shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R over S as well as bounded below by a function of the minimal shifts if R is Cohen-Macaulay. In this paper we study the related problem to show that the total Betti-numbers of R are also bounded above by a function of the shifts in the minimal graded free resolution of R as well a…

Non-vanishingness of Betti numbers of edge ideals

Given finite simple graph one can associate the edge ideal. In this paper we discuss the non-vanishingness of the graded Betti numbers of edge ideals in terms of the original graph. In particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a chordal graph on which the graded Betti number does not vanish and characterize the graded Betti number for a forest. Moreover we characterize the projective dimension for a chordal graph.

Graded Betti numbers of ideals with linear quotients

In the present paper we prove that all homogeneous ideals with linear quotients are componentwise linear. Moreover we establish an extended version of Eliahou-Kervaire formula for graded Betti numbers.

Graded Betti numbers of path ideals of cycles and lines

We use purely combinatorial arguments to give a formula to compute all graded Betti numbers of path ideals of line graphs and cycles. As a consequence we can give new and short proofs for the known formulas of regularity and projective dimensions of path ideals of line graphs.

Multigraded Betti numbers of some path ideals

We determine (multi)graded Betti numbers of path ideals of lines and star graphs.

Monomial ideals, edge ideals of hypergraphs, and their graded Betti numbers

We use the correspondence between hypergraphs and their associated edge ideals to study the minimal graded free resolution of squarefree monomial ideals. The theme of this paper is to understand how the combinatorial structure of a hypergraph H appears within the resolution of its edge ideal I(H). We discuss when recursive formulas to compute the graded Betti numbers of I(H) in terms of its sub-hypergraphs can be obtained; these results generalize our previous work on the edge ideals of simple graphs. We introduce a class of hypergraphs, which we call properly-connected, that naturally general…

有限Cohen-Macaulay型分次环的Frobenius Betti数研究

On Frobenius Betti numbers of graded rings of finite Cohen-Macaulay type

针对环的Frobenius Betti数显式计算场景极少的问题，本文聚焦于有限Cohen-Macaulay型Cohen-Macaulay分次环，开展其Frobenius Betti数的显式计算研究，拓展该奇异性不变量的计算范围。

GBNL：复杂生物数据的分次贝蒂数学习

GBNL: Graded Betti Number Learning of Complex Biological Data

GBNL首次将交换代数分次贝蒂数用于蛋白质-核酸结合预测，结合k-mer集合与Transformer嵌入，有效检测突变，建立比较序列分析新范式。

Graded Betti numbers of Cohen-Macaulay modules and the Multiplicity conjecture

We give conjectures on the possible graded Betti numbers of Cohen-Macaulay modules up to multiplication by positive rational numbers. The idea is that the Betti diagrams should be non-negative linear combinations of pure diagrams. The conjectures are verified in the cases where the structure of resolutions are known, i.e., for modules of codimension two, for Gorenstein algebras of codimension three and for complete intersections. The motivation for the conjectures comes from the Multiplicity conjecture of Herzog, Huneke and Srinivasan.

分次Gorenstein阿廷代数连通和的Betti数

Betti numbers for connected sums of graded Gorenstein artinian algebras

本文确定了分次阿廷Gorenstein代数连通和的分次Betti数，并证明加倍代数的连通和等价于纤维积环的加倍，从而将连通和构造与加倍构造联系起来。

Sharp upper bounds of the Betti numbers for a given Hilbert polynomial

We show that there exists a saturated graded ideal in a standard graded polynomial ring which has the largest total Betti numbers among all saturated graded ideals for a fixed Hilbert polynomial.

关于单纯复形骨架的分层Betti数

The Graded Betti Numbers of the Skeletons of Simplicial Complexes

本文研究了一类平方自由单项理想，探讨其同调性质，并引入度数解析概念，推导出单纯复形与其骨架的分层Betti数关系。

Graded Betti numbers and $h$-vectors of level modules

We study $h$-vectors and graded Betti numbers of level modules up to multiplication by a rational number. Assuming a conjecture on the possible graded Betti numbers of Cohen-Macaulay modules we get a description of the possible $h$-vectors of level modules up to multiplication by a rational number. We also determine, again up to multiplication by a rational number, the cancellable $h$-vectors and the $h$-vectors of level modules with the weak Lefschetz property. Furthermore, we prove that level modules of codimension three satisfy the upper bound of the Multiplicity conjecture of Herzog, Hunek…

分次Betti数不是热带不变量

The graded Betti numbers are not tropical invariants

该研究证明分次Betti数不是齐次理想或赋值域上射影代数概形热带化的不变量，通过构造一组对应同一热带理想但Betti表不同的饱和理想完成论证。

Betti numbers of graded modules and the Multiplicity Conjecture in the non-Cohen-Macaulay case

We use the results by Eisenbud and Schreyer to prove that any Betti diagram of a graded module over a standard graded polynomial ring is a positive linear combination Betti diagrams of modules with a pure resolution. This implies the Multiplicity Conjecture of Herzog, Huneke and Srinivasan for modules that are not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay. We give a combinatorial proof of the convexity of the simplicial fan spanned by the pure diagrams.

A Structure Theorem and the Graded Betti Numbers for Almost Complete Intersections

We provide a structure theorem for all almost complete intersection ideals of depth three in any Noetherian local ring. In particular, we find that the minimal generators are the pfaffians of suitable submatrices of an alternating matrix. From the graded version of the previous result, we characterize the graded Betti numbers of all 3-codimensional almost complete intersection schemes of P^r.

Betti numbers of Z^n-graded modules

Let S=K[X_1,...,X_n] be the polynomial ring over a field K. For bounded below Z^n-graded S-modules M and N we show that if Tor^S_p(M,N) is nonzero, then for every i between 0 and p, the dimension of the K-vector space Tor^S_i(M,N) is at least as big as the binomial coefficient (p,i). In particular, we get lower bounds for the total Betti numbers. These results are related to a conjecture of Buchsbaum and Eisenbud.

Graded Betti numbers of powers of ideals

Using the concept of vector partition functions, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of graded Betti numbers of powers of homogeneous ideals in a polynomial ring over a field. Our main results state that if the polynomial ring is equipped with a positive $\ZZ$-grading, then the Betti numbers of powers of ideals are encoded by finitely many polynomials. More precisely, in the case of $\ZZ$-grading, $\ZZ^2$ can be splitted into a finite number of regions such that each region corresponds to a polynomial that depending to the degree $(μ, t)$, $\dim_k \left(\tor_i^S(I^t, k)_μ \right)$ is equal …

Betti categories of graded modules and applications to monomial ideals and toric rings

We introduce the notion of Betti category for graded modules over suitably graded polynomial rings, and more generally for modules over certain small categories. Our categorical approach allows us to treat simultaneously many important cases, such as monomial ideals and toric rings. We prove that in these cases the Betti category is a finite combinatorial object that completely determines the structure of the minimal free resolution. For monomial ideals, the Betti category is the same as the Betti poset that we studied in a previous article. We describe in detail and with examples how the theo…

与图的联图相关联的超边理想的分级Betti数

Graded Betti numbers of a hyperedge ideal associated to join of graphs

本文利用 Mayer-Vietoris 序列，通过子图的分级 Betti 数表示联图超边理想的分级 Betti 数，并给出了完全图、完全多部图、圈图和轮图的超边理想分级 Betti 数公式。

广义分裂-连接图的分级Betti数及其应用

Graded Betti numbers of generalized split--join graphs and applications

通过Hochster公式和独立复形的分解，确定了广义多重完全分裂图和广义团星图的分级Betti表，得到线性链、Hilbert级数、正则性等闭式表达式，并应用于菠萝图、循环群幂图等。

Bounds for Betti numbers

In this paper we prove parts of a conjecture of Herzog giving lower bounds on the rank of the free modules appearing in the linear strand of a graded $k$-th syzygy module over the polynomial ring. If in addition the module is $\mathbb{Z}^n$-graded we show that the conjecture holds in full generality. Furthermore, we give lower and upper bounds for the graded Betti numbers of graded ideals with a linear resolution and a fixed number of generators.

射影概形在第一个非平凡链上的分次贝蒂数上界

Upper bounds for graded betti numbers of projective schemes in the first nontrivial strand

本文利用Boij-Söderberg理论，为射影概形在第一个非平凡链上的分次贝蒂数上界提供了新证明方法，简化了已有结果。

Cochordal 零因子图及其边理想的 Betti 数

Cochordal zero divisor graphs and Betti numbers of their edge ideals

本文通过引入类型序列计算 cochordal 图边理想的分级 Betti 数，并分类了使 $\mathbb{Z}/n \mathbb{Z}$ 零因子图为 cochordal 的正整数 $n$，确定了其边理想的 Betti 数。

Betti numbers of symmetric shifted ideals

We introduce a new class of monomial ideals which we call symmetric shifted ideals. Symmetric shifted ideals are fixed by the natural action of the symmetric group and, within the class of monomial ideals fixed by this action, they can be considered as an analogue of stable monomial ideals within the class of monomial ideals. We show that a symmetric shifted ideal has linear quotients and compute its (equivariant) graded Betti numbers. As an application of this result, we obtain several consequences for graded Betti numbers of symbolic powers of defining ideals of star configurations.

多项式环中理想截断的分次Betti数

The graded Betti numbers of truncation of ideals in polynomial rings

本文研究多项式环中平方自由单项理想截断的分次Betti数，通过Stanley-Reisner对应，利用原理想的Betti图和复形的f向量确定截断理想的Betti数，并与一般分次理想截断的情形比较。

The cone of Betti diagrams over a hypersurface ring of low embedding dimension

We give a complete description of the cone of Betti diagrams over a standard graded hypersurface ring of the form k[x,y]/<q>, where q is a homogeneous quadric. We also provide a finite algorithm for decomposing Betti diagrams, including diagrams of infinite projective dimension, into pure diagrams. Boij--Soederberg theory completely describes the cone of Betti diagrams over a standard graded polynomial ring; our result provides the first example of another graded ring for which the cone of Betti diagrams is entirely understood.

Minimal free resolutions and Betti diagrams of the algebras of $SL_2$-invariants

For the algebras of $SL_2$-invariants of small homological dimension theirs minimal free graded resolutions and graded Betti diagrams calculated.

Jacobian代数的分层Betti数与平面曲线的总Tjurina数

Graded Betti numbers of the Jacobian algebra and total Tjurina numbers of plane curves

本文通过Jacobian代数的分层Betti数计算平面曲线的总Tjurina数，并提出新的上界视角及必要条件。

路的路理想幂的分次 Betti 数

Graded Betti numbers of powers of path ideals of paths

本文研究多项式环中路的 $m$-路理想 $I_{n,m}$，给出其所有幂的全部分次 Betti 数的计算结果。

Generic initial ideals, graded Betti numbers and $k$-Lefschetz properties

We introduce the $k$-strong Lefschetz property ($k$-SLP) and the $k$-weak Lefschetz property ($k$-WLP) for graded Artinian $K$-algebras, which are generalizations of the Lefschetz properties. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1. Let $I$ be a graded ideal of $R=K[x_1, x_2, x_3]$ whose quotient ring $R/I$ has the SLP. Then the generic initial ideal of $I$ is the unique almost revlex ideal with the same Hilbert function as $R/I$. 2. Let $I$ be a graded ideal of $R=K[x_1, x_2, ..., x_n]$ whose quotient ring $R/I$ has the $n$-SLP. Suppose that all $k$-th differences of the Hil…

On the n-th row of the graded Betti table of an n-dimensional toric variety

We prove an explicit formula for the first non-zero entry in the n-th row of the graded Betti table of an n-dimensional projective toric variety associated to a normal polytope with at least one interior lattice point. This applies to Veronese embeddings of projective space where we prove a special case of a conjecture of Ein and Lazarsfeld. We also prove an explicit formula for the entire n-th row when the interior of the polytope is one-dimensional. All results are valid over an arbitrary field k.

Large lower bounds for the betti numbers of graded modules with low regularity

Suppose that $M$ is a finitely-generated graded module of codimension $c\geq 3$ over a polynomial ring and that the regularity of $M$ is at most $2a-2$ where $a\geq 2$ is the minimal degree of a first syzygy of $M$. Then we show that the sum of the betti numbers of $M$ is at least $β_0(M)(2^c + 2^{c-1})$. In addition, if $c \geq 9$ then for each $1\leq i\leq \lceil c/2\rceil$, we show $β_i(M)\geq 2β_0(M){c \choose i}$.

Bounds for the degree and Betti sequences along a graded resolution

The main goal of this paper is to size up the minimal graded free resolution of a homogeneous ideal in terms of its generating degrees. By and large, this is too ambitious an objective. As understood, sizing up means looking closely at the two available parameters: the shifts and the Betti numbers. Since, in general, bounds for the shifts can behave quite steeply, we filter the difficulty by the subadditivity of the syzygies. The method we applied is hopefully new and sheds additional light on the structure of the minimal free resolution. We use the Boij-Söderberg techniques for the Betti numb…

正性与非标准分次Betti数

Positivity and nonstandard graded Betti numbers

本文研究几何正性条件对Betti数消失的原理在非标准分次情形下的推广，引入新正则性概念并结合外代数技术，发现合取度数同时受正则性与深度控制，并应用于Toric簇上模的多重分次Betti数。

Gröbner bases and Betti numbers of monoidal complexes

In this note we consider monoidal complexes and their associated algebras, called toric face rings. These rings generalize Stanley-Reisner rings and affine monoid algebras. We compute initial ideals of the presentation ideal of a toric face ring, and determine its graded Betti numbers. Our results generalize celebrated theorems of Hochster in combinatorial commutative algebra.

Minimal Betti Numbers

We give conditions for determining the extremal behavior for the (graded) Betti numbers of squarefree monomial ideals. For the case of non-unique minima, we give several conditions which we use to produce infinite families, exponentially growing with dimension, of Hilbert functions which have no smallest (graded) Betti numbers among squarefree monomial ideals and all ideals. For the case of unique minima, we give two families of Hilbert functions, one with exponential and one with linear growth as dimension grows, that have unique minimal Betti numbers among squarefree monomial ideals.

Poset Embeddings of Hilbert functions and Betti numbers

We study inequalities between graded Betti numbers of ideals in a standard graded algebra over a field and their images under embedding maps, defined earlier by us in [Math. Z. 274, (2013), no. 3-4, pp. 809-819; arXiv:1009.4488]. We show that if graded Betti numbers do not decrease when we replace ideals in an algebra by their embedded versions, then the same behaviour is carried over to ring extensions. As a corollary we give alternative inductive proofs of earlier results of Bigatti, Hulett, Pardue, Mermin-Peeva-Stillman and Murai. We extend a hypersurface restriction theorem of Herzog-Popes…

Picard-graded Betti numbers and the defining ideals of Cox rings

Let X be a smooth projective variety with torsion-free Picard group. We introduce complexes of vector spaces whose homology determines the structure of the minimal free resolution of the Cox ring of X over the polynomial ring and show how the homology of these complexes can be studied by purely geometric methods. As an application of these techniques we give a simple new proof of a characterization of the Cox rings of Del Pezzo surfaces (of degree >1) conjectured by Batyrev and Popov.

Betti Numbers of Graded Modules and Cohomology of Vector Bundles

Mats Boij and Jonas Soederberg (math.AC/0611081) have conjectured that the Betti table of a Cohen-Macaulay module over a polynomial ring can be decomposed in a certain way as a positive linear combination of Betti tables of modules with pure resolutions. We prove, over any field, a strengthened form of their conjecture. Applications include a proof of the Multiplicity Conjecture of Huneke and Srinivasan and a proof of the convexity of a fan naturally associated to the Young lattice. We also characterize the rational cone of all cohomology tables of vector bundles on projective spaces in terms …

Linear normality of general linear sections and some graded Betti numbers of 3-regular projective schemes

In this paper we study graded Betti numbers of any nondegenerate 3-regular algebraic set $X$ in a projective space $\mathbb P^{n}$. More concretely, via Generic initial ideals (Gins) method we mainly consider `tailing' Betti numbers, whose homological index is not less than $\mathrm{codim}(X,\mathbb P^{n})$. For this purpose, we first introduce a key definition `$\mathrm{ND(1)}$ property', which provides a suitable ground where one can generalize the concepts such as `being nondegenerate' or `of minimal degree' from the case of varieties to the case of more general closed subschemes and give a…

Graded Betti Numbers of the Logarithmic Derivation Module

Let $Q\in \K[x_1,...,x_n] = S$ be a homogeneous polynomial of degree $d$. The freeness of the logarithmic derivation module, $D(Q)$, and of its natural generalizations, has been widely studied. In the free case, $D(Q) \simeq \bigoplus_{i=1}^n S(-d_i)$ where the $d_i$'s are the exponents of the module; and as a direct consequence of the Saito-Ziegler criterion, the formula $d = \sum_i d_i$ holds. In this paper we give a generalization of this formula in the non-free case. Moreover, we show that an equivalent formula is also true in the quasi-homogeneous case, and show to what extent it can be g…

Optimal Betti numbers of forest ideals

We prove a tight lower bound on the Betti numbers of tree and forest ideals and a tight upper bound on certain graded Betti numbers of squarefree monomial ideals.

纤维积上的Betti锥

Betti cones over fibre products

本文研究域上标准分次代数的纤维积$R$上有限生成分次模的合冲结构，证明了正则度有限且投射维数无限的模的存在性蕴含$R$是Koszul代数，并刻画了depth为1时Betti锥极射线由纯模Betti表张成的等价条件。

Powers of complete intersections: graded Betti numbers and applications

Let I = (F_1,...,F_r) be a homogeneous ideal of R = k[x_0,...,x_n] generated by a regular sequence of type (d_1,...,d_r). We give an elementary proof for an explicit description of the graded Betti numbers of I^s for any s \geq 1. These numbers depend only upon the type and s. We then use this description to: (1) write H_{R/I^s}, the Hilbert function of R/I^s, in terms of H_{R/I}; (2) verify that the k-algebra R/I^s satisfies a conjecture of Herzog-Huneke-Srinivasan; and (3) obtain information about the numerical invariants associated to sets of fat points in P^n whose support is a complete in…

Splittings of monomial ideals

We provide some new conditions under which the graded Betti numbers of a monomial ideal can be computed in terms of the graded Betti numbers of smaller ideals, thus complementing Eliahou and Kervaire's splitting approach. As applications, we show that edge ideals of graphs are splittable, and we provide an iterative method for computing the Betti numbers of the cover ideals of Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs. Finally, we consider the frequency with which one can find particular splittings of monomial ideals and raise questions about ideals whose resolutions are characteristic-dependent.

Dependence of Betti Numbers on Characteristic

We study the dependence of graded Betti numbers of monomial ideals on the characteristic of the base field. The examples we describe include bipartite ideals, Stanley--Reisner ideals of vertex-decomposable complexes and ideals with componentwise linear resolutions. We give a description of bipartite graphs and, using discrete Morse theory, provide a way of looking at the homology of arbitrary simplicial complexes through bipartite ideals. We also prove that the Betti table of a monomial ideal over the field of rational numbers can be obtained from the Betti table over any field by a sequence o…

The eventual shape of Betti tables of powers of ideals

Let $G$ be a finitely generated abelian group, and let $S = A[x_1, ..., x_n]$ be a $G$-graded polynomial ring over a commutative ring $A$. Let $I_1, ..., I_s$ be $G$-homogeneous ideals in $S$, and let $M$ be a finitely generated $G$-graded $S$-module. We show that, when $A$ is Noetherian, the nonzero $G$-graded Betti numbers of $MI_1^{t_1} ... I_s^{t_s}$ exhibit an asymptotic linear behavior as the $t_i$s get large.

三维空间中曲面的雅可比代数的分层贝蒂数

Graded Betti numbers of the Jacobian algebra of surfaces in $\mathbb P^3$

本文基于雅可比代数的分层贝蒂数，推导了三维空间中曲面的希尔伯特多项式闭合公式，并讨论了孤立奇点曲面的分层贝蒂数必要条件及平面曲线与节点曲面的比较。

Algebraic shifting and graded Betti numbers

Let $S = K[x_1, ..., x_n]$ denote the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$ with each $°x_i = 1$. Let $Δ$ be a simplicial complex on $[n] = \{1, ..., n \}$ and $I_Δ\subset S$ its Stanley--Reisner ideal. We write $Δ^e$ for the exterior algebraic shifted complex of $Δ$ and $Δ^c$ for a combinatorial shifted complex of $Δ$. Let $β_{ii+j}(I_Δ) = \dim_K \Tor_i(K, I_Δ)_{i+j}$ denote the graded Betti numbers of $I_Δ$. In the present paper it will be proved that (i) $β_{ii+j}(I_{Δ^e}) \leq β_{ii+j}(I_{Δ^c})$ for all $i$ and $j$, where the base field is infinite, and (ii) $β_{ii+j}(I_Δ) \leq…

Non-vanishing of Betti numbers of edge ideals and complete bipartite subgraphs

Given a finite simple graph one can associate the edge ideal. In this paper we prove that a graded Betti number of the edge ideal does not vanish if the original graph contains a set of complete bipartite subgraphs with some conditions. Also we give a combinatorial description for the projective dimension of the edge ideals of unmixed bipartite graphs.

Modules over categories and Betti posets of monomial ideals

We introduce to the context of multigraded modules the methods of modules over categories from algebraic topology and homotopy theory. We develop the basic theory quite generally, with a view toward future applications to a wide class of graded modules over graded rings. The main application in this paper is to study the Betti poset B=B(I,k) of a monomial ideal I in the polynomial ring R=k[x_1,...,x_m] over a field k, which consists of all degrees in Z^m of the homogeneous basis elements of the free modules in the minimal free Z^m-graded resolution of I over R. We show that the order simplicia…