arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.13512physics.soc-phcs.SI
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时间科学作者网络中的性别和合作模式

Gender and collaboration patterns in a temporal scientific authorship network

Gecia Bravo-Hermsdorff, Valkyrie Felso, Emily Ray, Lee M. Gunderson, Mary E. Helander, Joana Maria, Yael Niv

摘要:

人们可以指出STEM(科学,技术,工程和数学)中性别平等的各种历史里程碑,然而,实际效果是渐进和持续的。必须量化科学工作各次领域的性别差异,以发现潜在的偏见并监测进展情况。在这项工作中,我们研究了性别的相关性在运筹学与管理科学研究所(INFORMS),一个专业的社会与16个同行评议的期刊的科学合作模式。利用他们从1952年到2016年的出版数据,我们在作者和出版物之间构建了一个大型的时间二分网络,并使用性别标签扩展了作者节点。我们描述了这个网络的几个基本统计数据随时间的变化,强调了它们是如何随着相关历史事件而变化的。我们发现妇女的参与稳步增加(例如,女性和新女性作者的著作比例),从1980年开始。然而,妇女在INFORMS协会中所占比例仍然不到25%,在出版物众多的作者中所占比例更小。此外,我们描述了一种方法来量化的结构性作用的作者的整体网络的连接,用它来衡量作者之间的微妙差异,由女性和男性。具体来说,作为作者的结构重要性的措施,我们使用有效电阻和收缩的重要性,两个措施有关的扩散整个网络。作为一个空模型,我们提出了一个度保持的时间和几何网络模型的新兴社区。我们的研究结果表明,男性和女性的合作模式之间存在系统性差异,不能仅用当地的统计数据来解释。

英文摘要:

One can point to a variety of historical milestones for gender equality in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), however, practical effects are incremental and ongoing. It is important to quantify gender differences in subdomains of scientific work in order to detect potential biases and monitor progress. In this work, we study the relevance of gender in scientific collaboration patterns in the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS), a professional society with sixteen peer-reviewed journals. Using their publication data from 1952 to 2016, we constructed a large temporal bipartite network between authors and publications, and augmented the author nodes with gender labels. We characterized differences in several basic statistics of this network over time, highlighting how they have changed with respect to relevant historical events. We find a steady increase in participation by women (e.g., fraction of authorships by women and of new women authors) starting around 1980. However, women still comprise less than 25% of the INFORMS society and an even smaller fraction of authors with many publications. Moreover, we describe a methodology for quantifying the structural role of an authorship with respect to the overall connectivity of the network, using it to measure subtle differences between authorships by women and by men. Specifically, as measures of structural importance of an authorship, we use effective resistance and contraction importance, two measures related to diffusion throughout a network. As a null model, we propose a degree-preserving temporal and geometric network model with emergent communities. Our results suggest the presence of systematic differences between the collaboration patterns of men and women that cannot be explained by only local statistics.

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