顶尖科学家合作行为的性别分析：来自意大利的证据
A gender analysis of top scientists' collaboration behavior: evidence from Italy
摘要：
本研究分析了男性和女性在一种特殊类型的学者中合作行为的差异：顶尖科学家，并与非顶尖科学家进行了比较。观察领域包括意大利学术系统和11，145名教授共同撰写的科学出版物。从2006-2010年五年期的横断面分析中获得的结果表明，在顶尖科学家中，男女在合作的总体倾向上没有显著差异。在单一学科的水平上，合作行为没有差异，除了以下情况：一）数学和化学的国际合作-男性的合作倾向更大;和二）物理学的校外国内合作，其中女性表现出更大的合作倾向。由于国际合作与研究绩效呈正相关，因此研究结果可以为旨在增加女性顶级表现者的代表性的科学政策提供信息。
英文摘要：
This work analyzes the differences in collaboration behavior between males and females among a particular type of scholars: top scientists, and as compared to non top scientists. The field of observation consists of the Italian academic system and the co-authorships of scientific publications by 11,145 professors. The results obtained from a cross-sectional analysis covering the five-year period 2006-2010 show that there are no significant differences in the overall propensity to collaborate in the top scientists of the two genders. At the level of single disciplines there are no differences in collaboration behavior, except in the case of: i) international collaborations, for Mathematics and Chemistry - where the propensity for collaboration is greater for males; and ii) extramural domestic collaborations in Physics, in which it is the females that show greater propensity for collaboration. Because international collaboration is positively correlated to research performance, findings can inform science policy aimed at increasing the representation of female top performers.
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