女性科学家更不倾向于独自发表论文吗？性别 solo 研究差距
Are Female Scientists Less Inclined to Publish Alone? The Gender Solo Research Gap
AI总结：
本研究基于波兰科学观测台数据库，首次全面考察一国高等教育系统内科学家的性别 solo 研究差距，发现性别对 solo 发表率无实际解释力，团队规模等因素影响更显著。
摘要：
在 solo 研究（独立研究）中，科学家以个人身份争夺学术声望，能清晰传递自身研究能力的信号，避免功劳分配问题，还能减少作者署名相关的冲突。我们考察了男性和女性科学家在多个维度上使用 solo 发表模式的差异程度。本研究首次在整个国家高等教育系统内，对所有具有国际可见度的科学家的“性别 solo 研究差距”开展全面研究。我们通过为每位波兰大学教授构建的“个人发表组合”来考察这一差距。我们采用实际显著性/统计显著性差异法（基于效应量 r 系数），分析结果显示，尽管部分性别差异具有统计显著性，但并无实际意义。我们使用分数逻辑回归的偏效应方法，估算了开展 solo 研究的概率。在所有模型中，性别都无法解释个人 solo 发表率的变异性。个人 solo 发表率最强的预测因素是平均团队规模，在 STEM 领域发表会对该比率产生负向影响，在男性主导的学科发表则产生正向影响，而国际合作的影响为负。波兰的性别 solo 研究差距远弱于预期：在团队研究和国际研究的更普遍趋势下，solo 研究中的性别差异比最初假设的要弱得多，相关性也低得多。我们使用了独特的传记、行政、发表与引用数据库（“波兰科学观测台”），该数据库包含 Scopus 收录的所有波兰科学家（N=25463 人）的元数据，以及他们在 2009-2018 年发表的 158743 篇 Scopus 索引论文，其中包括 18900 篇 solo 论文。
英文摘要：
In solo research, scientists compete individually for prestige, sending clear signals about their research ability, avoiding problems in credit allocation, and reducing conflicts about authorship. We examine to what extent male and female scientists differ in their use of solo publishing across various dimensions. This research is the first to comprehensively study the 'gender solo research gap' among all internationally visible scientists within a whole national higher education system. We examine the gap through 'individual publication portfolios' constructed for each Polish university professor. We use the practical significance/statistical significance difference (based on the effect-size r coefficient) and our analyses indicate that while some gender differences are statistically significant, they have no practical significance. Using a partial effects of fractional logistic regression approach, we estimate the probability of conducting solo research. In none of the models does gender explain the variability of the individual solo publishing rate. The strongest predictor of individual solo publishing rate is the average team size, publishing in STEM fields negatively affects the rate, publishing in male-dominated disciplines positively affects it, and the influence of international collaboration is negative. The gender solo research gap in Poland is much weaker than expected: within a more general trend toward team research and international research, gender differences in solo research are much weaker and less relevant than initially assumed. We use our unique biographical, administrative, publication, and citation database ('Polish Science Observatory') with metadata on all Polish scientists present in Scopus (N=25,463) and their 158,743 Scopus-indexed articles published in 2009-2018, including 18,900 solo articles.
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