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arXiv 1809.01255cs.DLphysics.soc-ph
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研究领域和主题的性别差异:对285个领域出版物的分析

Gender differences in research areas and topics: An analysis of publications in 285 fields

Mike Thelwall, Carol Bailey, Catherine Tobin, Noel-Ann Bradshaw

摘要:

虽然学术界的性别差距已经缩小,但在美国的某些领域,女性代表性不足。先前的研究表明,科学、技术、工程和数学领域之间的不平衡可能部分是由于男性对事物更感兴趣,而女性对人更感兴趣,或者是由于某些学科中的男性文化令人反感。为了在所有学科中寻求更详细的见解,本文比较了美国男性和女性研究人员在2017年发表的第一篇文章中的26个广泛领域内的285个狭窄的Scopus领域之间和范围内的情况。比较是基于出版领域和文章标题、摘要和关键词中使用的单词。结果不能完全用人/物维度来解释。其中包括女性对兽医学和细胞生物学更感兴趣,男性对抽象、病人和权力/控制领域(如政治和法律)更感兴趣。这可能是由于其他因素,如职业提供地位或社会影响的能力或替代职业的可用性。作为部分人/物关系的一个可能的副作用,女性更倾向于使用探索性和定性方法,男性更倾向于使用定量方法。研究结果表明,消除学术界显性和隐性性别偏见的必要步骤是不够的,可以通过采取措施使少数群体更有吸引力的领域来补充。

英文摘要:

Although the gender gap in academia has narrowed, females are underrepresented within some fields in the USA. Prior research suggests that the imbalances between science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields may be partly due to greater male interest in things and greater female interest in people, or to off-putting masculine cultures in some disciplines. To seek more detailed insights across all subjects, this article compares practising US male and female researchers between and within 285 narrow Scopus fields inside 26 broad fields from their first-authored articles published in 2017. The comparison is based on publishing fields and the words used in article titles, abstracts, and keywords. The results cannot be fully explained by the people/thing dimensions. Exceptions include greater female interest in veterinary science and cell biology and greater male interest in abstraction, patients, and power/control fields, such as politics and law. These may be due to other factors, such as the ability of a career to provide status or social impact or the availability of alternative careers. As a possible side effect of the partial people/thing relationship, females are more likely to use exploratory and qualitative methods and males are more likely to use quantitative methods. The results suggest that the necessary steps of eliminating explicit and implicit gender bias in academia are insufficient and might be complemented by measures to make fields more attractive to minority genders.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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