Sarnak's Density Conjecture is an explicit bound on the multiplicities of non-tempered representations in a sequence of cocompact congruence arithmetic lattices in a semisimple Lie group, which is motivated by the work of Sarnak and Xue. The goal of this work is to discuss similar hypotheses, their interrelation and applications. We mainly focus on two properties - the spectral Spherical Density Hypothesis and the geometric Weak Injective Radius Property. Our results are strongest in the p-adic case, where we show that the two properties are equivalent, and both imply Sarnak's General Density Hypothesis. One possible application is that either the Spherical Density Hypothesis or the Weak Injective Radius Property imply Sarnak's Optimal Lifting Property. Conjecturally, all those properties should hold in great generality. We hope that this work will motivate their proofs in new cases.
We investigate Sarnak's conjecture on the Möbius function in the special case when the test function is the indicator of the set of integers for which a real additive function assumes a given value.
An overview of last seven years results concerning Sarnak's conjecture on Möbius disjointness is presented, focusing on ergodic theory aspects of the conjecture.
Motivated by the variations of Sarnak's conjecture due to El Abdalaoui, Kulaga-Przymus, Lemanczyk, De La Rue and by the observation that the Mobius function is a good weight (with limit zero) for the polynomial pointwise ergodic theorem in $L^q$, q>1, we introduce polynomial versions of the Sarnak conjecture for minimal systems.
We construct the counter-example for polynomial version of Sarnak's conjecture for minimal systems, which assets that the Möbius function is linearly disjoint from subsequences along polynomials of deterministic sequences realized in minimal systems. Our example is in the class of Toeplitz systems, which are minimal.
We rephrase the conditions from the Chowla and the Sarnak conjectures in abstract setting, that is, for sequences of numbers in {-1,0,1}, and introduce several natural generalizations. We study the relationships between these properties and other notions from topological dynamics and ergodic theory.
Assuming the existence of Siegel zeros, we prove that there exists an increasing sequence of positive integers for which Chowla's Conjecture on $k$-point correlations of the Liouville function holds. This extends work of Germán and Kátai, where they studied the case $k=2$ under identical hypotheses. An immediate corollary, which follows from a well-known argument due to Sarnak, is that Sarnak's Conjecture on Möbius disjointness holds. More precisely, assuming the existence of Siegel zeros, there exists a subsequence of the natural numbers for which the Liouville function is asymptotically orth…
We show that the Möbius disjointess of zero entropy dynamical systems implies the existence of an increasing sequence of positive integers along which the Chowla conjecture on autocorrelations of the Möbius function holds.
We use Vaughan's variation on Vinogradov's three-primes theorem to prove Zariski-density of prime points in several infinite families of hypersurfaces, including level sets of some quadratic forms, the Permanent polynomial, and the defining polynomials of some pre-homogeneous vector spaces. Three of these families are instances of a conjecture by Bourgain, Gamburd and Sarnak regarding prime points in orbits of simple algebraic groups. Our approach is based on the formulation of a general condition on the defining polynomial of a hypersurface, which suffices to guarantee that Zariski-density of…
We present in this paper a new method to deal with automatic sequences. This method allows us to prove a Möbius-randomness-principle for automatic sequences from which we deduce the Sarnak conjecture for this class of sequences. Furthermore, we can show a Prime Number Theorem for automatic sequences that are generated by strongly connected automata where the initial state is fixed by the transition corresponding to $0$.
We present Veech's proof of Sarnak's theorem on the Möbius flow which say that there is a unique admissible measure on the Möbius flow. As a consequence, we obtain that Sarnak's conjecture is equivalent to Chowla conjecture with the help of Tao's logarithmic Theorem which assert that the logarithmic Sarnak conjecture is equivalent to logaritmic Chowla conjecture, furthermore, if the even logarithmic Sarnak's conjecture is true then there is a subsequence with logarithmic density one along which Chowla conjecture holds, that is, the Möbius function is quasi-generic.
Using techniques developed in \cite{KLR}, we verify Sarnak's conjecture for two classes of rank-one subshifts with unbounded cutting parameters. The first class of rank-one subshifts we consider are called {\em almost complete congruency classes} ({\em accc}), the definition of which is motivated by the main result of \cite{GS}, which implies that, when a rank-one subshift carries a unique non-atomic invariant probability measure, it is accc if it is measure-theoretically isomorphic to an odometer. The second class we consider consists of Katok's map and its generalizations.
In this paper, we give two precise definitions of a higher order oscillating sequence and show the importance of this concept in the study of Sarnak's conjecture. We prove that any higher order oscillating sequence of order $d$ is linearly disjoint from all affine distal flows on the $d$-torus for all $d\geq 2$. One consequence of this result is that any higher order oscillating sequence of order $2$ is linearly disjoint from all affine flows on the $2$-torus with zero topological entropy. In particular, this reconfirms Sarnak's conjecture for all affine flows on the $2$-torus with zero topolo…
In this paper we study $C^*$-algebra version of Sarnak Conjecture for noncommutative toral automorphisms. Let $A_Θ$ be a noncommutative torus and $α_Θ$ be the noncommutative toral automorphism arising from a matrix $S\in GL(d,\mathbb{Z})$. We show that if the Voiculescu-Brown entropy of $α_Θ$ is zero, then the sequence $\{ρ(α_Θ^nu)\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is a sum of a nilsequence and a zero-density-sequence, where $u\in A_Θ$ and $ρ$ is any state on $A_Θ$. Then by a result of Green and Tao, this sequence is linearly disjoint from the Möbius function.
We prove the logarithmic Sarnak conjecture for sequences of subquadratic word growth. In particular, we show that the Liouville function has at least quadratically many sign patterns. We deduce the main theorem from a variant which bounds the correlations between multiplicative functions and sequences with subquadratically many sign patterns which occur with positive logarithmic density. This allows us to actually prove that our multiplicative functions do not locally correlate with sequences of subquadratic word growth. We also prove a conditional result which shows that if the $κ-1$-Fourier …
We investigate Sarnak's Möbius Disjointness Conjecture through asymptotically periodic functions. It is shown that Sarnak's conjecture for rigid dynamical systems is equivalent to the disjointness of Möbius from asymptotically periodic functions. We give sufficient conditions and a partial answer to the later one. As an application, we show that Sarnak's conjecture holds for a class of rigid dynamical systems, which improves an earlier result of Kanigowski-Lema{ń}czyk-Radziwiłł.
The Möbius disjointness conjecture of Sarnak states that the Möbius function does not correlate with any bounded sequence of complex numbers arising from a topological dynamical system with zero topological entropy. We verify the logarithmically averaged variant of this conjecture for a large class of systems, which includes all uniquely ergodic systems with zero entropy. One consequence of our results is that the Liouville function has super-linear block growth. Our proof uses a disjointness argument and the key ingredient is a structural result for measure preserving systems naturally associ…
Let $λ$ denote the Liouville function. The Chowla conjecture asserts that $$ \sum_{n \leq X} λ(a_1 n + b_1) λ(a_2 n+b_2) \dots λ(a_k n + b_k) = o_{X \to \infty}(X) $$ for any fixed natural numbers $a_1,a_2,\dots,a_k$ and non-negative integer $b_1,b_2,\dots,b_k$ with $a_ib_j-a_jb_i \neq 0$ for all $1 \leq i < j \leq k$, and any $X \geq 1$. This conjecture is open for $k \geq 2$. As is well known, this conjecture implies the conjecture of Sarnak that $$ \sum_{n \leq X} λ(n) f(n) = o_{X \to \infty}(X)$$ whenever $f : {\bf N} \to {\bf C}$ is a fixed deterministic sequence and $X \geq 1$. In this p…
It is shown that there is an oscillating sequence of higher order which is not orthogonal to the class of dynamical flow with topological entropy zero. We further establish that any oscillating sequence of order $d$ is orthogonal to any $d$-nilsequence arising from the skew product on the $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^d$. The proof yields that any oscillating sequence of higher order is orthogonal to any dynamical sequence arising from topological dynamical systems with quasi-discrete spectrum. however, we provide an example of oscillating sequence of higher order with large Gowers norms. …
We prove Veech's conjecture on the equivalence of Sarnak's conjecture on Möbius orthogonality with a Kolmogorov type property of Furstenberg systems of the M\''obius function. This yields a combinatorial condition on the Möbius function itself which is equivalent to Sarnak's conjecture. As a matter of fact, our arguments remain valid in a larger context: we characterize all bounded arithmetic functions orthogonal to all topological systems whose all ergodic measures yield systems from a fixed characteristic class (zero entropy class is an example of such a characteristic class) with the charac…
We formulate the generalized Sarnak's Möbius disjointness conjecture for an arbitrary number field $K$, and prove a quantitative disjointness result between polynomial nilsequences $(Φ(g(n)Γ))_{n\in\mathbb{Z}^{D}}$ and aperiodic multiplicative functions on $\mathcal{O}_{K}$, the ring of integers of $K$. Here $D=[K\colon\mathbb{Q}]$, $X=G/Γ$ is a nilmanifold, $g\colon\mathbb{Z}^{D}\to G$ is a polynomial sequence, and $Φ\colon X\to \mathbb{C}$ is a Lipschitz function. The proof uses tools from multi-dimensional higher order Fourier analysis, multi-linear analysis, orbit properties on nilmanifold…
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Jiangxi Normal University（江西师范大学数学与统计学院）；Jiangxi Applied Mathematical Research Center（江西应用数学研究中心）；Department of Mathematics, Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学数学系）
Möbius Disjointness Conjecture for a skew product on a circle and the Heisenberg nilmanifold
Weihai Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University（山东大学威海交叉科学研究院）；Department of Mathematics, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学数学系）；School of Mathematics, Jilin University（吉林大学数学学院）
We consider the question of Quantum Unique Ergodicity for quasimodes on surfaces of constant negative curvature, and conjecture the order of quasimodes that should satisfy QUE. We then show that this conjecture holds for Eisenstein series on the modular surface, extending results of Luo-Sarnak and Jakobson. Moreover, we observe that the equidistribution results of Luo-Sarnak and Jakobson extend to quasimodes of much weaker order--- for which QUE is known to fail on compact surfaces--- though in this scenario the total mass of the limit measures will decrease. We interpret this stronger equidis…
We study the $1$-level density of low-lying zeros of quadratic Dirichlet $L$-functions by applying the $L$-functions Ratios Conjecture. We observe a transition in the main term as was predicted by the Katz-Sarnak heuristic as well as in the lower order terms when the support of the Fourier transform of the corresponding test function reaches the point $1$. Our results are consistent with those obtained in previous work under GRH and are furthermore analogous to results of Rudnick in the function field case.
We show that Sarnak's conjecture on Mobius disjointness holds for interval exchange transformations on three intervals (3-IETs) that satisfy a mild diophantine condition.
Sarnak's Möbius disjointness conjecture states that Möbius function is disjoint to any zero entropy dynamics. We prove that Möbius disjointness conjecture holds for one-frequency analytic quasi-periodic cocycles which are almost reducible, which extend \cite{LS15,W17} to the noncommutative case. The proof relies on quantitative version of almost reducibility.
We show that Sarnak's conjecture on Möbius disjointness holds for all subshifts given by bijective substitutions and some other similar dynamical systems, e.g.\ those generated by Rudin-Shapiro type sequences.
On the Density of Low Lying Zeros of a Large Family of Automorphic $L$-functions
University of Wisconsin（威斯康星大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Williams College（威廉姆斯学院）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
Sarnak's Möbius disjointness conjecture asserts that for any zero entropy dynamical system $(X,T)$, $\frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1} ^N f(T^n x) μ(n)= o(1)$ for every $f\in \mathcal{C}(X)$ and every $x\in X$. We construct examples showing that this $o(1)$ can go to zero arbitrarily slowly. In fact, our methods yield a more general result, where in lieu of $μ(n)$ one can put any bounded sequence such that the Cesàro mean of the corresponding sequence of absolute values does not tend to zero.
Katz and Sarnak predicted that the one level density of the zeros of a family of $L$-functions would fall into one of five categories. In this paper, we show that the one level density for $L$-functions attached to cubic Galois number fields falls into the category associated with unitary matrices.
Strong bounds - going beyond Sarnak's density hypothesis - are obtained for the number of automorphic forms for the congruence subgroup Gamma_0(q) of SL_n(Z) violating the Ramanujan conjecture at any given unramified place. The proof is based on a relative trace formula of Kuznetsov type and best-possible bounds for certain Kloosterman sums for GL(n). Further applications are given.
We study low-lying zeros of $L$-functions attached to holomorphic cusp forms of level $1$ and large weight. In this family, the Katz--Sarnak heuristic with orthogonal symmetry type was established in the work of Iwaniec, Luo and Sarnak for test functions $ϕ$ satisfying the condition supp$(\widehat ϕ) \subset(-2,2)$. We refine their density result by uncovering lower-order terms that exhibit a sharp transition when the support of $\widehat ϕ$ reaches the point $1$. In particular the first of these terms involves the quantity $\widehat ϕ(1)$ which appeared in previous work of Fouvry--Iwaniec and…
Rubinstein and Sarnak have shown, conditional on the Riemann hypothesis (RH) and the linear independence hypothesis (LI) on the non-real zeros of $ζ(s)$, that the set of real numbers $x\ge2$ for which $π(x)>$ li$(x)$ has a logarithmic density, which they computed to be about $2.6\times10^{-7}$. A natural problem is to examine the actual primes in this race. We prove, assuming RH and LI, that the logarithmic density of the set of primes $p$ for which $π(p)>$ li$(p)$ relative to the prime numbers exists and is the same as the Rubinstein-Sarnak density. We also extend such results to a broad clas…
We obtain a power saving in the error term for a semigroup congruence lattice point count related to continued fractions. This is done by adapting arguments from recent work of Oh and Winter (2014) that give uniform bounds for certain transfer operators in the congruence aspect. Our arguments also build crucially on work of Naud (2005) and Bourgain, Gamburd and Sarnak (2011). The result we obtain, together with a certain conjecture about the multiplicative combinatorics of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbf{Z})$ that we highlight in the sequel, can be used to obtain an improvement on the size of the excep…
The density conjecture of Katz and Sarnak predicts that, for natural families of L-functions, the distribution of zeros lying near the real axis is governed by a group of symmetry. In the case of the universal family of automorphic forms of bounded analytic conductor on a totally definite quaternion algebra, we determine the associated distribution for a restricted class of test functions. In particular it leads to non-trivial results on densities of non-vanishing at the central point.
Sarnak's golden mean conjecture states that $(m+1)d_φ(m)\le1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}$ for all integers $m\ge1$, where $φ$ is the golden mean and $d_θ$ is the discrepancy function for $m+1$ multiples of $θ$ modulo 1. In this paper, we characterize the set $\mathcal{S}$ of values $θ$ that share this property, as well as the set $\mathcal{T}$ of those with the property for some lower bound $m\ge M$. Remarkably, $\mathcal{S}\text{ mod }1$ has only 16 elements, whereas $\mathcal{T}$ is the set of $GL_2(\mathbb{Z})$-transformations of $φ$.
We show that Sarnak's conjecture on Möbius disjointness holds in every uniquely ergodic modelof a quasi-discrete spectrum automorphism. A consequence of this result is that, for each non constant polynomial $P\in\R[x]$ with irrational leading coefficient and for each multiplicative function $\bnu:\N\to\C$, $|\bnu|\leq1$, we have\[ \frac{1}{M} \sum\_{M\le m\textless{}2M} \frac{1}{H} \left| \sum\_{m\le n \textless{} m+H} e^{2πiP(n)}\bnu(n) \right|\longrightarrow 0 \] as $M\to\infty$, $H\to\infty$, $H/M\to 0$.
